hospital-acquired infection is very imp. topic of microbiology

2.  Clinical infection that develops within 48-72
hrs of admission to a hospital for treatment
of a different initial illness; these infections
are neither overtly present nor within the
incubation period in the patients at the time
of admission, and are often due to
organisms endemic in the institution.

3.  Healthcare associated urinary tract infections
(HUTI)
 Healthcare associated bacteremia
 Healthcare associated pneumonia
 Healthcare associated wound infections
 Healthcare associated infections due to
hepatitis viruses B and C
 Healthcare associated episodes of tetanus
 Healthcare associated episodes of
gastroenteritis

4.  RISK FACTORS: 80% cases are due to
indwelling urinary catheters; poor aseptic
preparation at the time of insertion
 Drainage tube contamination
 Colonisation of drainage bag
 Commonly infecting organisms:
K.pnuemoniae, K.oxytoca, E.faecalis,
Proteus spp, E.coli

5.  How can you prevent the infection??
Use a continuously closed sterile drainage
system.

6.  RISK FACTORS: indwelling intravenous
catheters
 Common infecting organisms: S.epidermidis,
E.faecalis, S.aureus, Candida spp
 How to prevent infection??
Proper skin disinfection, use sterile dressings,
site to be checked regularly, cannula to be
changed every 48 hrs

7.  RISK FACTORS: use of respiratory tract
instrumentation or ventilatory assistance,
impaired pulmonary clearance
 Common infecting organisms: K.pneumoniae,
P.aeruginosa, S.aureus, Enterobacter spp,
E.coli
 How to prevent infection? Frequent suctioning
of secretions using sterile techniques,
respiratory associated apparatus to be
maintained in sterile condition

8.  RISK FACTORS: prolonged surgical
procedure, prolonged immobilisation
 Common infecting organisms: E.coli,
E.faecalis, S.aureus
 How to prevent infection? Maintain strict
asepsis during surgery, try to restore mobility
ASAP after surgery

9.  Self infection (autoinfection)
 Cross-infection (Direct, Air, Hospital
personnel)
 Infections from environmental sources
(hospital Air, Surfaces, Inanimate objects)

10.  Aerial route
 Oral route
 Contact route
 Parenteral route

11.  Reduce microbial population of the hospital
environment
 Eliminate danger of transmission (from
hospital personnel to patient, patient to
personnel to patient, patient to patient)
 Manage linen, equipment and other
inanimate objects to prevent them from
becoming sources of cross-contamination

12.  Hand hygiene
 Personal protective equipment (PPE)
 Injection safety
 Environmental cleaning
 Medical equipment
 Respiratory hygiene/Cough etiquette

13.  Carriers are responsible for the outbreak by
providing a continuous reservoir of
pathogenic microorganisms
 Single source of pathogen
 There have been deficiencies in the
technique adopted in the day-to-day
operations in the affected area.

14. THANK YOU!!