Protean energy malnutrition for children health nursing of BSC Nursing 3rd Year Nutritional Deficiency & Disorders

1. PROTEIN-ENERGY MALNUTRITION
• KWASHIORKOR
• MARASMUS
MR. ABDULMATEEN. D. H

2. • Protein-energy Malnutrition (PEM) is the terminology
used for all kind of malnutrition as result of lack of
protein and energy foods.
• Major public health problem in India.
• Particularly in children younger than 5 years old
• The most extreme forms of malnutrition, or (PEM), are
Kwashiorkor and Marasmus
Introduction

3. This word means "sickness of
weaning" Kwashiorkor involves
inadequate intake of proteins and is
characterized by presence of edema.
Kwashiorkor

4. Kwashiorkor is usually seen in children of 1-5 years,
when the child is weaned from mother's breast milk
and is replaced by starchy gruels, which are rich in
carbohydrate but deficient in proteins.
Cause

5. • Edema
• Pot (swollen) belly
• Fatty liver (enlarged liver because of fat
accumulation)
• Growth retardation
• Skin lesions
• Discolored hair (due to lack of melanin formation)
• Anorexia, Diarrhea (anorexial diarrhea)
Symptoms

6. Kwashiorkor

7. This term is derived from Greek
word"marasmos, which means wasting.
Marasmus occurs due to inadequate
intake of proteins and calories and is
characterized by emaciation.
Marasmus

8. Marasmus is generally seen in children less
than 1 year when the mother's milk is weaned
and replaced by a low cost native cereal diet,
which is poor in both calorie and protein. (So,
marasmus is also called protein calorie
malnutrition).
Cause

9. • Extreme muscle wasting (emaciation)
• Loss of subcutaneous fat
• WeaknessAnemia
• Skin wrinkles
• Face of the patient shows apathy (no interest).
Symptoms

10. Marasmus

12. • Exclusive breastfeeding for first 6 months of age.
• Weaning must be started at the age of 6 months
• Milk, egg, meat, and food items of high biological
value must be given to the children.
• Immunization must be done to prevent children from
communicable diseases.
• Birth spacing should be followed.
Prevention
Prevention at Family Level

13. Prevention at Community Level
• Early detection of malnutrition and early
intervention
• Growth monitoring.
• Family planning services.
• Promotion of education and literacy in communay
• Nutrition education to people.

14. • LevelProvision of nutritional supplements
for infants and children.
• Nutritional surveillance
• Iodization of common salt
• Fortification of food
• Nutritional rehabilitation services
Prevention at National

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