Tetanus. For medical student it's more important.

1. COMMUNITY MEDICINE
TETANUS SELFWORK
OSH STATE UNIVERSITY
INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL FACULTY
Teacher’s Name: Zulfizar Ma’am
Student’s Name – Patel Aaryankumar
Jigneshbhai
Group No. – 22A

2. TETANUS
• Tetanus is disease of the nervous system caused by a toxin-producing
bacterium. The disease causes muscle contractions, particularly of
your jaw and neck muscles. Tetanus is commonly known as lockjaw.
• There's no cure for tetanus. Treatment focuses on managing
symptoms and complications until the effects of the tetanus toxin
resolve.
• It's more common in developing countries.

3. ETIOLOGY
• Tetanus is caused by Clostridium tetani
• Gram positive anaerobic bacillus
• One of two genera that form spores
• Two forms: vegetative form and spore form
• Vegetative form: actively secretes toxin and cause disease
• Spore form: Dormant and metabolically inert, important in disease
transmission

4. SYMPTOMS
•Painful muscle spasms and stiff, immovable muscles (muscle rigidity) in your jaw.
•Tension of muscles around your lips, sometimes producing a persistent grin.
•Painful spasms and rigidity in your neck muscles.
•Difficulty swallowing.
•Rigid abdominal muscles.

5. LOCALIZED TETANUS
• This uncommon form of tetanus results in muscles spasms near
the site of a wound. While it's usually a less severe form of
disease, it can progress to generalized tetanus.
CEPHALIC TETANUS
• This rare form of tetanus results from a head wound. It results in
weakened muscles in the face and spasms of the jaw muscles. It
also can progress to generalized tetanus.

6. RISK FACTORS
• Cuts or wounds exposed to soil or manure
• A foreign body in a wound, such as a nail or splinter
• A history of immune-suppressing medical conditions
• Infected skin lesions in people living with diabetes
• An infected umbilical cord when a mother isn't fully vaccinated
• Shared and unsanitary needles for illegal drug use

7. COMPLICATIONS
• Breathing problems. Life-threatening breathing problems can occur from
tightening of the vocal cords and muscle rigidity in the neck and abdomen,
especially during a generalized spasm.
• Blockage of a lung artery (pulmonary embolism). A blood clot that has
traveled from elsewhere in your body can block the main artery of the lung or
one of its branches.

8. • Pneumonia. A lung infection caused by accidentally inhaling something
into the lungs (aspiration pneumonia) may be a complication of
generalized spasms.
• Broken bones. Generalized spasms may cause fractures of the spine or
other bones.
• Death. Death from tetanus is often caused by a blocked airway during
spasms or damage to the nerves that regulate breathing, heart rate or
other organ functions.

9. PREVENTION
Vaccination for children
• The tetanus vaccine is given to children as part of the diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis
vaccine (DTaP). Diphtheria is a serious bacterial infection of the nose and throat. Acellular pertussis, also
called whooping cough, is a highly contagious respiratory infection.
• Children who do not tolerate the pertussis vaccine may receive the alternative vaccine called DT.
The DTaP is a series of five shots typically given in the arm or thigh to children at ages
• 2 months
• 4 months
• 6 months
• 15 to 18 months
• 4 to 6 years

10. Vaccination for children ages 7 to 18
A booster shot is recommended for children at age 11 or 12. This booster is called the Tdap
vaccine. If your child didn't get a booster shot as this age, talk to your doctor about
appropriate options.
Vaccination for adults age 19 and older
A booster shot is recommended for adults once every 10 years. This may be one of two
vaccines, Tdap or Td. If you weren't vaccinated against tetanus as a child or are unsure about
your vaccination status, see your doctor about getting the Tdap vaccine.
Vaccination during pregnancy
A booster is recommended during the third trimester of a pregnancy, regardless of the
mother's vaccination schedule.

12. THANK YOU