1. Concept &
Evolution
OF EMPLOYEE RELATIONS IN INDIA
PRESENTAION BY: AAINA ARORA, M.A. H.R.M., SEMESTER II
DATE: 7TH APRIL, 2015

2. CONCEPT
 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS DENOTES EMPLOYEE-EMPLOYER RELATIONS (ORGANIZED &
UNORGANIZED SECTOR)
 DEFINED AS A PROCESS BY WHICH PEOPLE & THEIR ORGANIZATION INTERACT AT THE PLACE
OF TO ESTABLISH T&C OF EMPLOYMENT
 ER CONSISTS OF AREAS INVOLVING GENERAL RELATIONSHIPS WITH WORKFORCE AND
MANAGEMENT, THROUGH COLLECTIVE AGREEMENTS
 ER IS A BROADER TERM AS COMPARED TO IR AS IT COVERS ALL RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN AN
ORGANIZATION.
 IR IS RESTRICTED TO TRADE UNION RELATIONS.

3. MAIN FEATURES
 EMPLOYEE REALTIONS DO NOT EMERGE IN VACUUM
 CHARACTERIZED BY BOTH CONFLICT AND CO-OPERATION
 ER, IN ITS STUDY INCLUDES VITAL ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES-
TECHNOLOGY, SOCIO-ECONOMIC & POLITICAL CONDITIONS OF THE
COUNTRY, NATION’S LABOR POLICY, ATTITUDE OF TU & IMAPCT OF
GLOBAL MARKET FORCES
 STUDIES THE LAWS, RULES, REGULATIONS, AGREEMENTS, AWARDS OF
COURT, CUSTOMS & TRADITIONS AND POLICY FRAMEWORK FOR
ELICITING COOPERATION BETWEEN BOTH PARTIES.

4. FACTORS INFLUENCING EMPLOYEE
RELATIONS
 INSTITUTIONS- INCLUDE GOVERNMENT EMPLOYERS, TRADE UNIONS, UNION
FEDERATIONS, EMPLOYER ASSOCIATIONS, GOVERNMENT BODIES, LABOR
COURTS, TRIBUNALS ETC.
 CHARACTERS- TO STUDY ROLE OF WORKERS, UNIONS AND EMPLOYER’S
FEDERATION OFFICIALS, JUDGES OF LABOR COURTS, MEDIATORS ETC.
 METHODS- FOCUS ON COLLECTIVE BARGAINING, WORKERS’ PARTICIPATION
IN ER SCHEMES, DISCIPLINE, GRIVIENCE REDRESSAL, DISPUTE SETTLEMENT,
UNION RECOGNITION ETC.
 CONTENTS- INCLUDES MATTER PERTAINING TO EMPLOYMENT CONDITIONS
(PAY & OTHER MONETORY AND NON-MONETORY DEMANDS, LEAVE,
WORKING HOURS, H&S, RETIREMENT, LAY-OFF ETC.)

5. SCOPE & ASPECTS OF IR
 INDUSTRY- A SOCIAL WORLD IN A MINIATURE WHERE AN ASSOCIATION
OF VARIETY OF PEOPLE LIKE EMPLOYERS, EXECUTIVES, SUPERVISORY
PERSONELL AND WORKMEN INTERACT
 THIS ASSOCIATION, AFFECTS NOT ONLY LABOR RELATIONS BUT ALSO
SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, POLITICAL AND MORAL LIVES OF COMMUNITIES.
 IR INCLUDES LABOR RELATIONS, EMPLOYER-EMPLOYEE RELATIONS,
GROUP RELATIONS AND/OR COMMUNITY/PUBLIC RELATIONS

6. PROMOTION AND
DEVELOPMENT OF
HEALTHY LABOR
MANAGEMENT
RELATIONS
MAINTAINANCE OF
INDUSTRIAL PEACE
DEVELOPMENT OF
INDUSTRIAL
DEMOCRACY
MAIN ASPECTS OF IR

7. EVOLUTION
 AGRARIAN ECONOMY STAGE
i. Developed during the middle ages and brought about a change
in the views of ‘property’
ii. Property, a common & collective asset of the group in the tribal
society, but was now being fought upon.
iii. A class of propertied landlords and property-less workers emerged
iv. Workers were treated as slaves
v. Employee-employer relationship that of master-slave relationship

8.  HANDICRAFTS STAGE
i. This system developed because of emergence of more and more
towns & cities, increase in trade and commerce and decline in
power of feudal lords
ii. Brought about a change in the career standards of the working
class.
iii. Craftsmen owned factors of production (such as land, capital
etc.) and worked with their own tools in their own homes or
workplace.
iv. They got no wages except lodging and boarding facilities from the
master carftsman.

9.  COTTAGE OR PUTTING OUT STAGE
i. With development of economic system, some individuals became
employees in the new industrial units
ii. Industrial units were formed as a result of technological changes &
expansion of market and trade
iii. Master craftsmen supplied raw materials to the other craftsmen
iv. The craftsmen worked with the members of their family, from their homes
and were paid on piece-work basis

10.  FACTORY OR THE INDUSTRIAL CAPITALISM STAGE
i. With the passage of time the importance of machinery over men was
realized
ii. Installation of machines, power-tools and equipment was done
iii. Employment opportunities in the newly opened workshops or factories
was open
iv. This was the onset of the Industrial Revolution
v. Humans were replaced by machines and factory system made its
strong base
vi. Women & child labor employed for long hours
vii. Living and working conditions were made deplorable and
accommodation inadequate
viii. Relationship of employer and employee became more impersonal

11. THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENCE 