This ppt is for 1st and 2nd year students

1. BPT 212
GENERAL MEDICINE
SUBMITTED BY – KIRTI JAIN
SUBMITTED TO – DR. PRIYA
CT UNIVERSITY, FEROZPUR ROAD LUDHIANA

2. HEPATITIS – B
INTRODUCTION :
 Hepatitis B infection is a major public health problem
in india and worldwide.
 HbsAg prevalence rate is around 1.3-12.7% in
children below 15 years of age in india.
 It can cause acute, persistent or chronic infection.
 Chronic infection are at risk of morbidity and
mortality associated with cirrhosis and HCC.

3.  Viral hepatitis is the leading cause of liver cancer and the
most Common reason for liver transplantation.
 Each year n estimated 21,000 persons become infected with
hepatitis A; 35,000 with hepatitis B and 17,000 with hepatitis
C.
 In United States, an estimated 1.2 million Americans are
living with chronic hepatitis B and 3.2 are living with chronic
hepatitis C.

5. General Sign and Symptoms
1. Fever
2. Fatigue
3. Loss of appetite
4. Nausea
5. Vomiting
6. Joint pain
7. Abdominal pain
8. Jaundice
9. Dark urine
10. Clay- colored stool

7. ETIOLOGY
 Hepatitis B is caused by infection with the hepatitis B virus
(HBV), the prototype membrane of the hepadnavirus family.
- HBV is only human representative of this family.
- It has a circular DNA gemome of 3.2 kb.
 Currently, eight genotypes (A-H) are identified by a
divergence of >8% in the entire genome.

8. RISK FACTORS
 Hemodialysis patients
 Men who sex with men
 Injecting drug users
 Children of parents born in those places
 People having sex with an HBV infected partner

9. DIAGNOSIS
 Hepatitis B is detected by looking for a number of different
antigens and antibodies
• Hepatitis B surface of HBV antigen (HBsAg)
 A protein on the surface of HBV; it can be detected in high
levels in serum during acute or chronic HBV infection.
 The presence of HBsAg indicates that the person is infectious.
 The body normally produces antibodies to HBsAg as part of
the normal immune response to infection.

10. COMPLICATIONS
1. Fulminant hepatitis
2. Hospitalization
3. Death
4. Hepatocellular carcinoma
5. Cirrhosis

11. TREATMENT
 For acute infection, no medication is available treatment
is supportive.
 For chronic infection, several antiviral drugs are available.
 Persons with chronic HBV infection require medical
evaluation and regular monitoring to determine whether
disease is progressing and to Identify liver damage or
hepatocellular carcinoma.

13. HEPATITIS – C
INTRODUCTION –
 Hepatitis C virus infection is the most common chronic
blood- borne infection in the united states; approx. 3.2
million persons are chronically infected.
 By contrast to chronic HBV, patients with chronic Hepatitis C
almost always develop HCC in the presence of established
cirrhosis.

15. EPIDEMIOLOGY
 Sources of infection for person with hepatitis C –

17. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
 Vomiting
 Nausea
 Diarrhea
 Fever
 Jaundice
 Fatigue
 Dark- colored urine
 Abdominal pain
 Loss of appetite
 Illness

19. NATURAL HISTORY OF INFECTION

20. TREATMENT
 Interferon – based therapy is currently the standard
of care for patients with chronic HCV and has been
proven to be effective in eliminating HCV.
 Both conventional and pegylated interferon (IFN)
therapy have been used widely, with thee aim of
achieving a sustained virological response.

21. PREVENTION
 Unlike HBV, there is currently no vaccine for
HCV.
 However, with the screening of HCV in blood
transfusion services, transfusion – related.
HCV infection has been lowered to almost
zero.