This topic covers the passenger car crash test in ARAI and Euro-NCAP, and dummies used in crash test.

1. PASSENGER CAR
CRASH TESTING
BY
G S AMRITH
MECH

2. ARAI & EURO-NCAP
• Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) is co-
operative industrial research association by the automotive
industry with the Ministry of Industries, Government Of India.
• The European New Car Assessment Programme (Euro NCAP)
is a European car safety performance assessment programme.

3. CRASH
TESTS FOR
PASSENGER
CAR
Frontal-impact tests
Moderate Overlap tests
Small Overlap tests
Side impact tests
Roll over tests
Roadside hardware crash tests
Old versus new
Computer model
Sled testing

4. ARAI TESTS
FOR
PASSENGER
CAR
Frontal offset testing (64 kmph)
Side impact testing
Pedestrian protection testing
Rear impact testing
Child dummy dynamic crash
testing

5. EURO-
NCAP TESTS
FOR
PASSENGER
CAR
Frontal Impact( 56 kmph)
Car to Car Side Impact
Pole Side Impact
Pedestrian Impact

6. Frontal
Crash
Testing
• At 56 kmph (35mph) the car runs straight
into a solid concrete barrier.
• The kinetic energy involved in the frontal
crash test depends on the speed and
weight of the test vehicle.
• Full-width rigid-barrier tests produce high
occupant compartment decelerations.
• About 15 high-speed cameras will
document the action shooting about 1,000
frames per second.

7. Offset Crash
Test
• Only one side of a vehicle's front end hits
the barrier.
• About 40% of the width of the front of the
vehicle on the driver's side must manage
the crash energy.
• Vehicle is travels at 64kph (40mph) and
collides with a crushable Aluminum
barrier.

8. Side Impact
Test
• In the side test a sled (of about 1,368-
kg) with a deformable "bumper" runs
into the side of the test vehicle at
around 31mph.
• Side impacts can be of two types: -
1.perpendicular impact
2.angled impact

9. Side pole
test
• A car is propelled sideways at 32km/h
against a rigid, narrow pole.
• The car is placed at right angles to the
direction of motion or at a small angle
away from the perpendicular.
• A very severe test of a car’s ability to
protect the driver’s head.

10. Rear test
• A mobile barrier crashes against the
vehicle under study at a speed of between
15 and 16 kph, affecting 40% of its rear
right part.
• The vehicle turned 10% anticlockwise from
its longitudinal axis.

11. Pedestrian
crash test
• This test important to prevent injury and
death of the pedestrian.
• Pedestrian protection is achieved by
designing the front of a vehicle

12. Rating System
• colours to indicate the areas of potential
injury on the body ,the color range from
green (very safe) to red (fatal injury)
• In addition to the color rating, the
program also uses a percent rating, in
modern cars, this gives the vehicle the
overall star rating
• In recent years new tests have been added
to the program in order to keep up with
the new safety technology implemented in
modern motor vehicles, tests like AEB
(Autonomous EmergencyBraking System),
active bonnet system, and rear impact test
(whiplash)

13. ARAI
Ratings

14. Euro-NCAP
Ratings

15. Evolution of the Volkswagen Golf model

16. Crash Test
Dummies
• When conducting impact test, the
different safety programs use crash test
dummies
• These devices replicate the human body
with its dimensions, weight, and body
motion characteristics.
• Hybrid I:a more accurate model of a
human male.
• Hybrid II: improved shoulder, spine, and
knee responses
• Hybrid III family: 50th percentile male,
95th percentile male, 5th percentile
female, child dummies represent a ten-
year-old, six-year-old, and a three-year-old

17. THOR
• A more modern version of the
Hybrid III test dummy is THOR.
• More human like spine and pelvis,
and there are a number of sensors,
located on the face to accurately
measure the facial impact.

18. Impact measurement in dummies
• Head and Neck -there are tri-axial accelerometers.
• Chest -there is a force cell and a movement sensor to measure
chest deflection.
• Knees -there are load cell to measure the force of the impact.
• Silicone based skin to mimic the tearing of the skin when in
comes in contact with different parts of the vehicle.
• 25 to 40 sensors are used to record the forces on different
parts of the body.
• Different color of paints are applied to various parts of the
dummy’s body to check the part which hit during crash.

19. Thank you