1. 1
A STUDY ON EFFECTIVNESS OF TIME MANAGEMENT IN YOUTH THROUGH
VALUES WITH REFERENCE TO
NICM COLLAGE STUDENT –GANDHINAGER.
A dissertation report submitted to ANNAMALAI University, in partial
fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of
Master of Science
( Value Education & Spirituality)
Submitted by
HARDIK JIVRAJBHAI SORATHIYA
Enrol.Regd.no.13DG260
Under the guidance of
Ms. Nandini Harshadrai Dwivedi
DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE STUDIES
ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY
(Recognized By U.G.C.)
Annamalainagaar
2015

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DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this dissertation entitled A STUDY ON EFFECTIVNESS OF TIME
MANAGEMENT IN YOUTH THROUGH VALUES. WITH REFERENCE to NICM
COLLAGE STUDENT –GANDHINAGER. has been prepared by me during Period
(MARCH-APRIL, 2015) and submitted to ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY. In partial fulfillment
of the requirement for the award of the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE (VALUE
EDUCATION AND SPIRITUALITY).
I also declare that this project works in the result of my sincere effort and that it is has not been
submitted to any other university for the award of any degree or diploma.
Place - HARDIK J. SORATHIYA
Date - [ EN. NO. – 13DG260]
Time only seems to matter when it’s running out. --Peter Strup

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am very thankful to the entire team of NICM COLLAGE –GANDHINAGAR for their
cooperation, without which completion of this project would not have been possible.
I am extremely grateful to DR. MAMTA BHARMBHATTA (PROFFESER – NICM
CAMPUS) for providing me with valuable insights about the base metals. I would like to thank
her for the patience shown by her and being of such a great help to all my queries.
I express my sincere gratitude to DR. S.O.JUNARE , Director of NICM CAMPUS for giving
to me this opportunity to carry out this project.
I would like to thank Ms. NANDINI DWIVEDI ( REGIONAL CO-ORDINATER OF D.E.P.
ANNAMALAI UNI. GUJ. STATE.) for her valuable guidance and encouragement and
constructive suggestions throughout the project work.
Finally I thank to NICM collage students and my friends, parents, for their continue support and
help in the completion of my project.
Place - HARDIK J. SORATHIYA
Date - [ EN. NO. – 13DG260]
Time in its aging course teaches all things. - Aeschylus

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ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY
(Recognized by U.G.S.)
DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE STUDIES
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Dissertation entitled on A STUDY ON EFFECTIVNESS OF TIME
MANAGEMENT IN YOUTH THROUGH VALUES. with reference to NICM COLLAGE
STUDENT –GANDHINAGER. is Submitted by Hardik J. Sorathiya, bearing Regd. No.
13DG260 in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree of MASTER OF
SCIENCE (VALUE EDUCATION AND SPIRITUALITY) is a record of bonafide work carried
out by her under my guidance and supervision.
The result embodied in this project work has not been submitted to any other university or
Institution for the award of any degree or diploma.
Place - (MS. NANDINI DWIVEDI)
Date - (PROJECT GUIDE)
Time and space arefragments of the infinite for the use of finite
creatures. - Henri Frederic Amiel

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CONTENTS
CHAPTER NO TITLE PAGE NO
CHAPTER – 1: 1.1 INTRODUCTION OF THE STUDY 12
1.2 NEED FOR THE STUDY 19
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 21
1.4 METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY 22
1.5 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY 24
CHAPTER – 2: TIME MANAGEMENT FOR THE COLLAGE STUDENT
THROUGH VALUE 25
2.1 TIME MANAGEMENT FOR THE COLG. STUDENT 26
2.2 TIME MANAGEMENT CALANDER 32
2.3 WRAP UP 33
CHAPTER - 3: THEORETICAL REVIEW 34
3.1 INTRODUCTION TO TIME MANAGEMENT
THROUGH VALUE 35
3.2 HISTORY OF TIME MANGEMENT 36
3.3 OBJECTIVE OF TIME MANGEMENT
THROUGH VALUE 37
3.4 PURPOSE OF TIME MANAGEMENT 38
3.5 IMPORTANCE OF TIME MANAGEMENT 39
3.6 APPROCHES OF TIME MANAGEMENT 41
3.7 SYMPTONS OF POOR TIME MANAGEMENT 45
3.8 HOW TO HANDEL TIME PERIOD 49
3.9 TIME SAVERS 56
3.10 ADVANTAGES OF TIME MANAGEMENT 59
CHAPTER - 4: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 69
4.1 TIME AND EFFECTIVE TIME MANAGEMENT 70
4.2 GREG’S TIPS FOR TIME MANAGEMENT 74
4.3 PRINCIPAL OF EFFECTIVE TIME MANAGEMENT 77
4.4 TIME MANAGEMENT BEHAVIOUR 80

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CHAPTER NO TITLE PAGE NO
CHAPTER - 5: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 82
5.1 PURPOSE OF RESERCH 83
5.2 RESEARCH APPROCH 83
5.3 RESEARCH DESIGN 84
5.4 STUDY OF POPPULATION 85
5.5 DATA COLLATION 86
5.6 DATA ANALYSIS 88
CHAPTER – 6: RESULT AND DISCUSSION 89
6.1 DATA PRESENTATION, INTERPRITATION
AND FINDINGS 90
6.2 VALIDITY AND RELIBILITY 114
CHAPTER – 7: FINDING, CONCLUSION,SUGGESTION
AND FUTUER RESEARCH 116
7.1 FINDING AND CONCLUSION 117
7.2 RECOMMNDATION 118
7.3 SUGGESTIONS 119
7.4 FUTUER RESEARCH 121
BIBLIOGRAPHY 122
APPENDIX
AP – 1 COVER LATTER FOR STRUCTURED
QUESTIONNAIRE 124
AP – 2 STRUCTURED QUESTIONNAIRES 126
AP- 3 NEWSPAPERS AND MEGEZINE
RELATED TO TIME MANAGEMENT 132

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LIST OF TABLES
TABLE
NO.
PARTICULARS PAGE
NO
1 Analysis of the questionnaire 91
2 Gender 92
3 Age 93
4 Marital Status 94
5 Edu. Qualification 95
6 Have you heard about time management before? 96
7 Do you think you need effective time management in your life? 97
8 Does your collage practice effective time management? 98
9 Has effective time management been helpful in the achievement of
your set goals?
99
10 Do you agree that effective time management improves output? 100
11 Do you agree that the type of objective set in your life determines
the height of your performance?
101
12 Is your day to day performance susceptible to or affected by poor time
management?
102
13 Do you think effective time management will increase your
performance?
103
14 Does the management of your collage hold seminars on time
management?
104
15 Has time management being helpful in the increase of your performance? 105
16 Are you really in support of effective time management in life
through value?
106
17 Do you think lack of time management is one of the problems affecting
Study today?
107
18 Can making a daily list of your activities help to manage your time? 108
19 Planning is key in effective time management? 109
20 Is time management the only determinant for high performance in
Life?
110
21 You manage a time to understand a value of time? 111
I recommend you take care of the minutes and the hours will take care
of themselves. - Earl of Chesterfield

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LIST OF FIGURES
SL NO PARTICULARS PAGE
NO
1 F-1 PRIORITIZE YOUR ACTIVITY 30
2 F-2 SELF TEST 33
3 F-3 WHARE DOES ALL THE TIME GO 46
4 F-4 TIME MANAGEMENT MATRIX 51
5 F-5 PARETO’S PRINCIPAL 80/20 RULS 54
6 F-6 ABC SYSTEAM 55
7 F-7 PROCRASTRATION THE ALTIMATE THIEF 61
8 F-8 PRINCIPAL OF THE STUDENT 62
9 F-9 SAMPLING TECHNIQUES 85
10 F-10 RESEARCH INSTRUMENT 85
11 F-11 SOURCE OF DATA COLLATION 87
12 F-12 TESTING OF HYPOTHESIS 112
13 F-13 REGRATION RESULT 114
To do two things at once is to do neither.- Publilius Syrus

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Everyone knows that to be effective it is necessary to complete tasks on time and
to be efficient those tasks should be accomplished in order of priority. If it’s so
easy the question remains; why do so many people run out of time?
Because of the value placed on all resources we are forced to get more done, with
fewer people, in less time. While time is limitless we only ever have access to sixty
minutes in an hour, twenty-four hours in a day and seven days in a week etc.
Therefore, like a precious consignment we have to use time to its best advantage,
which means that we have to develop new strategies for the way we use time and
alter the way in which we perceive it.
This project on Time Strategies will enable us to realize the importance of time and
to determine how it should be invested to achieve the results they desire.
The ability to prioritize, determine dependencies and overcome procrastination
gains value when the investment of time as a precious resource is understood.
The laws of science do not distinguish between the pastand the future.
- Steven W. Hawking

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CHAPTER – 1
INTRODUCTION
Simplifying our lives even in little ways can make a big
difference. If you fill up all your time, you won't have any.
-Jon KabatZinn, Full Catastrophe Living

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1.1 INTRODUCTION OF THE STUDY
TIME MANAGEMENT INTRODUCTION
When you think about “time management,” what comes to mind? The word “management”
implies taking an active role in choosing how time is used, as opposed to just letting things
happen or allowing others to plan. It also implies that there is a degree of decision‐making
involved, which can include setting goals and priorities, manipulating resources, monitoring
progress, and taking responsibility for the outcome. We can’t change or alter time ‐ every day
has the same number of hours, every hour the same number of minutes, so the term “time
management” isn’t really an accurate term for this skill. Time management really means self
management — we manage ourselves to make the most of time. Time is a static phenomenon,
yet minutes may seem to crawl by during a long wait in a line‐up, and somehow weekends pass
all too quickly. The inconsistencies in our perception of the passage of time are very indicative
of the connection between time management and things like motivation concentration). That’s
why time management is closely connected with learning and study issues at the university level.
It’s probably the single most important skill necessary for success at university. How you use
your time has a major impact on your academic accomplishments, satisfaction, and stress level.
What Is Time Management?
The modern concept of time management - the act of planning the amount of time you spend on
which activities - really began with Frederick Taylor's scientific management techniques. His
goal was to increase worker productivity. To do this, he conducted time and motion studies and
began to focus on the best ways for jobs to be performed to maximize the work completed in a
given amount of time.
Why Would We Manage Time?
Time management has come up as a subject in the management field to reach the goal of
increasing productivity, especially among white collar workers for whom work output may be
hard to measure. For example, an assembly line worker's output of 60 widgets per hour can be
compared to a factory average and deemed as acceptable or not; however white collar outputs
tend to be difficult to compare to standards. So, modern managers in these areas look for ways to
monitor worker productivity in terms of time use.
Time and tide wait for no man. - Geoffrey Chaucer

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CHALLENGES FOR COLLAGE STUDENTS
University students are particularly vulnerable to difficulties with time management, and it's
useful to understand the reasons why this is so
: Despite its importance in university and beyond, many high schools don't formally address
time management; so many students arrive at university knowing little, if anything, about it.
Consider the notion that the only difference between a high school student and an entering
university student is the two months between June of Grade 12 and September of first semester.
 Many university students find they spend relatively few hours each day in classes and labs.
This relatively unstructured learning environment is different from the way that the school day is
organized in most high schools. Students must discover how much structure they need to work
effectively, and must create most of that structure for themselves, according to their needs and
the demands of their courses.
 University students are expected to be more independent and "self directed" when it comes to
learning and studying than they were in high school. Instructors give less direction about what
work to do. Students must usually decide for themselves what work to do, what is most
important, how much to do, and when to do it.
 Some high‐school students spread their university‐level courses out over two years or
more, sometimes combining a part‐time course load with a job to get the highest marks they
can. A full‐ time university course load can come as quite a shock, one for which these students
are not well prepared.
. Even new students who have done a full‐time course load may find that the amount of work,
and therefore the amount of study time expected of them, is very different from high school.
Once the semester is underway, readings, assignments and labs may pile up faster than they can
be completed. The precipitous nature of Guelph's 12 week semester exacerbates this problem. It's
not unusual to feel overwhelmed by the sheer volume of work, particularly at peak times in the
semester.
 Other students miss the satisfaction and relief that they felt in high school when they were
“finished" all there was to do; in university, that feeling usually doesn't come until after the last
exam has been written at the end of the semester.
 Because many university students study, live, and play in the same environment, setting the
boundaries of "work" vs. leisure time is a challenge. In the university environment, particularly
in residence, there is usually something more enjoyable to do than studying. Many activities
compete for a limited number of hours in a week and studying can all too easily get pushed to the
bottom of the list. Some students struggle semester after semester to find the right balance
between studying and socializing.
Procrastination prevents success.- Edwin C. Bliss, author of Doing It
Now

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 The term "peer pressure" takes on a whole new meaning on a university campus.
At no other time in students' lives are they surrounded by literally thousands of people so close
to their own age. Not only are there lots of interesting things to do, there are also lots of
interesting people to do things with, particularly in residence. The best intentions can be thwarted
by a need to fit in and be accepted by new friends.
EFFICIENCY
Efficiency in time planning refers to issues of planning and structuring time. It boils down to
whether you are making intelligent, thoughtful, informed decisions about what tasks to do and
when it is easiest and most productive to do them. To use time efficiently, you need to take a
proactive, flexible and strategic approach to planning and managing your workload, with the
goal of getting the work done with minimum pain and maximum effectiveness. Efficiency also
implies an appropriate balance of work and leisure time.
EFFECTIVENESS
While efficiency looks at how strategically you're planning your time, effectiveness is concerned
with how well you're using the time you have. Does the quality and quantity of the work you
accomplish in a given period justify the amount of time you've spent? Are you being productive
or wasting the time you have? Some students are good at planning time efficiently ‐ they have
schedules and to‐do lists galore, but when they sit down to do the work, they accomplish little.
Other students work effectively when they do study, but because of procrastinating or poor time
planning, are always behind, always cramming, and always doing things at the last minute. For
strategies for improving effectiveness, see the documents in the "Staying on Track" section
Money is not gained by losing time.- Portugese Proverb

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WARMING UP TO THE CONCEPT OF TIME
“Now go on and enjoy yourself, dance to your heart’s content and win the Prince’s heart.
But remember, you have to be back before the clock strikes twelve at midnight.”
We all are familiar with the words of the Fairy God Mother in the evergreen fairy tale
‘Cinderella’. It’s these words that probably made us aware-for the first time in our lives-
of the value of time. We all sympathized with Cinderella when all her splendid gown and
other finery turned to rags at the stroke of midnight. Our first acquaintance with the
villainous Time!
But then, is time such a villain, who should always be painted in black? We have heard
the proverb that says “there are no wounds that time cannot heal.” Here of course we get
the image of a wizened old woman who comes hobbling up to us with a pitcher full of
balm and gentle fingers that soothe away all our pains and sorrows.
But that’s enough! This project was not made to sing the praises of time. There is no need
of the romance of Cinderella or the soothing finger of an old lady when we are talking
about time. And do you know why? It’s because we do not have the time for it.
We are going to try and understand time in its many faces. No, I was not referring to the
faces of watches or clocks. I was referring to the many meanings that time has. Oh yes it
does! You thought that time meant the same to everyone. Well think again; or maybe you
could try to explain the logic behind the following cases.
Picture a farmer who plants a sapling of a tree that would probably take ten to twelve
years to reach the stage when it would start to bear fruit, by then the farmer would in
likelihood be under the soil himself.
Picture a jailbird in bird counting on the bars of his cell waiting for the seconds, minutes,
and hours, days, weeks, months and years to go by before he can be free again.
Now picture a young couple madly in love with each other cherishing the few minutes
they get to spend with each other every day, cursing time because it flies so fast when
they are together and never the other way round.
So what does time mean to you? When was the last time that you realized the value of
time?
The answer is probably the last time you watched one of those Bollywood thrillers in
which the hero is driving a car in which a time-bomb has been planted and the hero is
unaware of this. But we being the getting-to-see-it-all audience watch with bated breath
as the tiny needle of the timer ticks towards the point at which the explosion is sure to
occur.
Remember that time is money
-Benjamin Franklin

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But just before that, the hero hits the brakes screeches to a halt to avoid hitting that old
lady crossing the road. And when he jumps out to help her cross the road the needle
reaches the point and the bomb is exploded. And our hero is safe. It’s funny how the hero
always escapes without a scratch in these movies. But I expect that’s why they call them
heroes.
Now we are really transgressing aren’t we? So back to our subject that is Time
Management. Do you know what is interesting about the concept of Time? It is
absolutely uncontrollable.
Personally I believe that there is something very humbling about this concept.
Just imagine a man with all his power is just like a helpless babe before time. There it is
Time stands tall and strong before man and man remains vulnerable and weak before it.
Man, the big strong man who tamed rivers and seas, who reached out to the skies and
beyond, who harnessed wind and water and dug up the bowels of the earth is but a worm
before Time.
The best he can do to win the battle against time is die his hair and use some anti-wrinkle
cream on his face. In fact, the closest that man has got towards conquering time is those
many history books that have been penned; they are of course chronicles of events that
happened long ago and that is certainly not much to boast about.
And so now we come to our subject that is time management because after all the
illustrations given above, I hope that I have made one point clear, that is that Time cannot
be controlled, it can only be managed. And that is what we are going to do. We are going
to learn the art of time management. I don’t want you to have an air of helplessness.
You might begin to feel that if the battle cannot be won, then what is point in putting up a
struggle? Ah, but there you are missing out on a very important point. In all the
illustrations that I used above, I was referring to man in general and not to one particular
Tom, Dick or Harry.
So you can see that this aspect of time is applicable to every human being and there is no
running away from it. Every person has only twenty four hours in a day and no force on
earth can alter that. So in order to get the cutting edge what you have to do is to be able to
manage your time in the most effective way possible. And that is what Time management
is all about. It’s about managing your time effectively and if I may I would like to add the
word efficiently too.
We must use time as a tool, not as a couch. - John F. Kennedy

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Now, when we talk about our resources, everyone knows that we are referring to the
resources like fossil fuels, forests, mineral wealth, and water bodies and so on. But
surprisingly time is never included in this list. When we talk about non-renewable
resources, fossil fuels like coal, petroleum and natural gas top the list. But what about
time? A point that most people tend to forget is that time is the most valuable resource
that we have, and time once lost, is lost forever. We can think about alternate sources of
energy for fossil fuels like electricity, fuel cells, solar energy and the research goes on.
But is there any alternative for time that is lost.
Again I stress on the point that time once lost, is lost forever. And hence we have the
proverb, “time and tide waits for no man.”
UNDERSTANDING TIME MANAGEMENT
“We all have time to either spend or waste and it is our decision what to do with it. But once
passed, it is gone forever.”
- Bruce Lee (“Zen in the Martial Arts” by Joe Hyams)
Every individual on earth has the same amount of time - 60 seconds in a minute; 60
minutes in an hour; 1,440 minutes in a day; and 525,600 minutes in a year. While a vast
majority of people confesses faltering to come to grips with it, extremely few can claim
to have made the most of it. How is it that they have got it all done? It’s because they
have managed a way to figure out how to manage their time effectively.
Time Management is more than just managing time. It is about controlling the use of the
most valuable - and undervalued - resource. It is managing oneself in relation to time. It
is setting priorities and taking charge of the situation and time utilization. It means
changing those habits or activities that cause waste of time. It is being willing to adopt
habits and methods to make maximum use of time.
The present moment is a powerful goddess.
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

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With good time management skills one is in control of one’s time, stress and energy
levels. One can maintain balance between one’s work and personal life. One finds
enough flexibility to respond to surprises or new opportunities. It is not how much time
one has, but rather the way one uses it. The bottom line is how well one manages time.
Internationally known authority on time management Dr. Alec Mackenzie in his book
The Time Trap argues that the very idea of time management is a misnomer because one
really cannot manage time in the way other resources can be managed: financial capital,
physical capital, human capital, information and time. While each of the first four can be
augmented, reduced, transferred or otherwise controlled, Time cannot be manipulated.
Time is the most valuable thing a man can spend. -Laertius Diogenes

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1.2 NEED FOR THE STUDY
How much time should I spend studying?
The amount of time you should spend studying depends on how many classes you are enrolled
in, your personal study habits, and your educational goals. As a general rule of thumb, most
professors suggest that college students spend about two hours studying per week for each credit
hour they take. However, recent studies have shown that most students only spend one hour
studying per credit hour—just half of what is recommended to be successful. Most college
courses are three to four credit hours, so this means that for each class you should spend about
six to eight hours studying. Full-time students should anticipate spending about 30 hours each
week studying. To many students, this can seem overwhelming, but if you manage your time
correctly, your studying will become more productive and will help you perform better in both
traditional and online courses.
Can I study too much?
Yes! Keep in mind that while you should spend the appropriate amount of time studying, going
overboard is counterproductive. Students often mistakenly think that if they spend an excessive
amount of time studying they will be better prepared. Long study sessions often become boring,
and when your mind starts to wander, this study time is wasted. Spending an entire day
cramming before a big exam is not the way to go. Learn how long you tend to concentrate on
different subjects so that you can schedule focused, effective study sessions.
How to manage your time effectively
In addition to assessing your ability to concentrate on certain tasks, you’ll need to learn how to
balance your personal life with your schoolwork. While college students devote a significant
amount of their time to attending class and studying outside the classroom, they also have
personal commitments like work, family, and friends they need to take into consideration.
Neglecting other aspects of your life only works for so long; you’ll be more successful in the
long run if you strike a healthy balance that incorporates these other parts of life in your
schedule. Take a look at the following tips that can help you develop an integral time
management plan.
Tip #1: Make a detailed study schedule and write it down – Instead of just determining times to
study in your head, make a subject-specific schedule and mark your calendar so you can be
reminded every time you look at it. You will be more likely to follow through with your study
plan if it is clearly marked on your calendar. Include your schedule in your cell phone and set
regular pop-up reminders that you will have to close before sending your next text message.
Making a schedule and sticking to it will allow you to develop a routine that you can easily
follow. Remember, you will have to revise your study schedule each semester to accommodate
your class schedule and your other changing commitments.
We must use time as a tool, not as a crutch.
- John Fitzgerald Kennedy

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Tip #2: Prioritize your assignments – Prioritizing your assignments is a good way to ensure you
spend the appropriate amount of time studying for each class or subject. Devote more time to
studying subjects that are new to you or those in which your grade needs improvement. Also,
remember to study the harder subjects first so that you tackle them with a fresh mind.
Additionally, you should organize your studies with important tests or exams in mind. If an exam
in one course has been postponed, modify your study schedule to prioritize more immediate tests
and projects. However, don’t neglect postponed tests altogether; take advantage of the extra time
to review material during short study times each day.
Tip #3: Prepare for temptation – The best way to overcome the temptation to put personal
activities before studying is to anticipate these distractions. Attending college and earning good
grades is almost like a full-time job, so your studies will have to take priority over socializing or
other activities. You will inevitably compromise at some point, but don’t get discouraged.
Rather, learn from your mistakes, and look for patterns in the times you put off studying. By
knowing your weaknesses, you’ll be better prepared to resist temptation. Additionally, establish
a way to reward yourself with fun activities after you finish a study session. This will give you
the extra boost of energy to accomplish what you need to so you can enjoy spending time with
your friends and family.
Tip #4: Find a productive study environment – Locating a productive workspace where you can
study is about more than just finding a quiet place. All students have a place where they are able
to stay on task and maximize their time. Actually, some students find it ideal to study in a coffee
shop or another place where there is background noise. Part of choosing an optimal study space
is anticipating potential distractions in each place. Some students actually become more
distracted when they study alone because there is no accountability. If you tend to stay on task
when there are other students around who are devoting time exclusively to studying, plan your
time so that you can get to these places when others are studying.
Tip #5: Stay organized – Staying organized is critical to avoid wasting valuable time as a college
student. Since you will be enrolled in several classes at a time, it is important that you organize
your class and study materials in a way that makes it easy to access them. Find an organization
method that works for you, such as using a separate binder or folder for each class. Also, when
going into a study session, make sure you have anything you need. You don’t want to interrupt
your study session by searching your room for flash cards or notes. If you are taking online
courses, learn how to organize files in the most efficient way possible to avoid wasting time
sifting through your hard drive for course materials.
Time is the coin of your life. It is the only coin you have, and only you can determine
how it will be spent. Be careful lest you let other people spend it for you.
- Carl Sandberg

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1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1. To study and analyze different performance of time management in student routine life
activity.
2. To analyze the student attitude towards the time management.
3. Select a time management technique that will work for student and also Identify time wasters.
4. To study the time management feedback and counseling system for student.
5. Analyze to how to the control of time a proper way.
6. Reduce time wasting by being efficient & effective manner.
7. Plan for weekly reviews to run with time.
Time is a fixed income and, as with any income, the real problem facing most of us is
how to live successfully within our daily allotment.- Margaret B. Johnstone

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1.4 METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY:
Research is a careful investigation or enquiry especially through search for new facts in any
branch of knowledge.
According to Redman and Mory, “Research is a systematized effort to gain new knowledge”.
RESEARCH DESIGN:
“A Research Design is the arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis of data in a
manner that aims to combine relevance to the research purpose with economy in procedure”.
Generally the Research Design can be conveniently described in 3 ways. They are,
Research Design in case of exploratory research studies.
Research Design in case of descriptive and diagnostic research.
Research Design in case of hypothesis-testing research studies.
The present study is of descriptive study.
SOURCES OF DATA
The sources for collecting the data are from both
● Primary Method
● Secondary Method
Primary Data
The Primary data are those which are collected afresh and for the first time, and thus happen to
be original in character. The tools for collecting this primary data are by two types namely
Interview Method and Questionnaire Method.
Secondary Data
The Secondary data are those which have already been collected by someone else and which
have already been passed through the statistical process in the company.
SAMPLE SIZE
All items in any field of in query constitute a ‘universe’ or ‘population’. A finite subset of the
population gives a sample.
The statistical units in the sample are called sample units. The number of units in the sample is
called the size of the sample.
If the size of the sample is less than or equal to 30 then it is called as a small samples. Otherwise
that it if the size of the sample is greater than 30, it is called as large samples.
The sample size of the survey is taken as 70 respondents.
SAMPLING PROCEDURE
Sampling is the selection of group with a view to obtain information about the whole is group of
persons that represents particular community.
The sampling method used was random sampling. This sampling method was used because of
lack of time and lack of through knowledge about the universe. The sample size was fixed to 70
respondents.
Minutes are worth more than money. Spend them wisely. - Thomas P. Murphy

23. 23
SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
● Simple random sampling
RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS
1. Personal interviews: Schedulers where administered personally for Collecting the data.
2. Questionnaire : The questionnaire comprises of open ended questions and closed ended
questions.
STATISTICAL TOOLS USED
● Bar charts
● Pie-charts
● Tables
The time to relax is when you don’t have time for it. - Sidney J.
Harris

24. 24
1.5 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
The time managent study is limited only to the NICM COLLAGE , which is located in
Gandhinagar.
The survey could not be extended to all the student studying in the collage as they could not
spare much time because of their busy schedule of work.
The time management study is conducted on a limited number of students and on the entire
work force.
The answers given by the respondents highly depend on the mood and interest and thus the
accuracy fluctuates sometimes.
Sample size is 80 respondents
Time is God’s way of keeping everything from happening at once.
-Unknown

25. 25
CHAPTER – 2
TIMEMANAGEMENT
FOR STUDENTS
THROUGH VALUES
Time is a fixed income and, as with any income, the real problem facing most of us is
how to live successfully within our daily allotment. - Margaret B. Johnstone

26. 26
2.1. TIME MANAGEMENT FOR COLLEGE STUDENTS
Have you ever found yourself bleary-eyed and strung out from too much coffee and too little
sleep after pulling an "all nighter" right before the big biology test?
Or did you ever want to kick yourself for putting off that history project your instructor told
you about at the beginning of the semester so that you ended up throwing together 15 pages of
"garbage" just to get the report in on time?
Or how about the time your computer crashed when you were word- processing your
English paper the night before it was due, and your teacher said that your reason was simply a
new version of "the dog ate my paper" excuse and gave you an "F"?
If you have done any of the things mentioned on the previous page, you are like most people. We
all have the ability to put off until tomorrow the things that we know we should be working on
today. It's human nature. Unfortunately, ineffective time management doesn't help us much, in
college or outside of college.
In "Time Management for College Students," we will give you some guidelines to help you
better manage your time. On the assumption that people who want help managing their time
probably don't HAVE a lot of it, the guidelines will be short and to the point. They aren't "magic
pills" that will suddenly make you super efficient and well organized, but if you use them
gradually to improve the way you organize you time, you will probably find that your life is a
little less stressful and, with any luck, you will have time to do more of the things that you enjoy
outside of your college work.
If you are a full-time student, you have a full-time job. You may not think of school as a job but
consider this. You typically have 12-15 or more hours of class per week. In addition, you are
expected to put in about 2 hours of preparation and production outside of class for each hour in
class. This means that your work week is at least 36 to 45 hours long. This is a full- time
occupation. If you have a job outside of school and/or family responsibilities, you may feel that
there aren't enough hours in the day.
.When lack of time is a problem your first consideration should be the "big picture." Everyone
should try to have a balanced life. To update a popular saying, "all work and no play makes Jack
and Jill dull people." If you don't think that your life is balanced, you may need to make some
serious decisions. Should you become a part-time student because you need the money from
your full-time job? Could you cut back on your job hours since you want to get your degree
now? Whatever your decision, you should also try to allow time for family and friends to keep
that important balance.
To comprehend a man's life, it is necessary to know not
Merely what he does but also what he purposely leaves
un done. - John Hall Gladstone

27. 27
.Now that you have considered the "big picture," it is time to improve your ability to manage
your time. This really means managing yourself. Read the series of mini-lessons for information
that may help you.
•Have you ever told yourself that if you ignore an assignment that's due, maybe it will go away?
•Have you ever told yourself, "I'll just watch TV (or do something else enjoyable) for just 5
minutes and then get back to my homework?"
•Have you ever underestimated the amount of work or time an assignment was going to take?
•Have you ever done something else "very important" to avoid working on an assignment?
•Have you ever done part of an assignment, the part you were good at, and not done the part you
had problems with?
•Have you ever spent so much time deciding what to do (e.g., which topic to write about) for an
assignment that you didn't get anything done?
. . . . . . .Answering "yes" to any or all of these questions is a good sign that you know how to
procrastinate. Procrastination means putting things off until a future time, postponing or
deferring something. Most people have procrastinated at some time in their lives. There are many
reasons for procrastinating. How many of these describe you?
•You are overwhelmed by too many things to do, and we know that we can't get them all done.
•You don't think that you have the skills or knowledge to handle the task.
•You are not clear about what is expected.
•The task seems irrelevant; it has no meaning for you.
•You are not interested the task.
•You are afraid of getting a low grade or of failing.
•You give yourself unreachable goals -- you are a perfectionist.
•You are not clear about what is expected.
•You have problems outside of school that you are having trouble dealing with. The list seems to
go on and on.

28. 28
Dealing with Procrastination
.
.
There are many ways to deal with procrastination. Here is a list of suggestions or techniques for
you to consider.
• Set realistic goals. Don't try to do too much and don't try to to do everything perfectly.
• Do school work when your energy level is at its highest. If you are a morning person, do school
work in the morning. If you are a night person, do school work at night.
• Break large tasks into smaller ones. You don't want to be overwhelmed by the work you need
to do so create smaller tasks from bigger ones. Then focus on completing the smaller tasks one at
a time until you are finished.
• Work for realistic periods of time. If you work best at 1 hour intervals, don't try to cram in 2
hours of study. Or if 1/2 hour at a time is best for you, then follow your own needs; do not study
for long periods just because your friends do.
•Avoid study marathons (like all-nighters).
•Mix activities. Switch subjects after a while, or try to alternate between
doing things you enjoy with things that you find challenging or boring.
• Create an effective place to do your school work. Make your work place comfortable but not
TOO comfortable. Try to keep distractions to a minimum (like phones, TV, and friends). Don't
forget the importance of good lighting and make sure that you have access to the materials and
equipment you need.
• Allow extra time for unexpected things. The "unexpected" can be discovering that you really
need at least 5 hours to write your English composition when you had only planned for 3 hours.
And you don't want to wait until the last minute to do an important assignment only to get sick or
have your computer crash.
• Schedule time for yourself -- for exercise, relaxation, and socializing. Don't forget that "all
work and no play makes Jack and Jill dull people," not to mention frustrated, bored, and stressed
out.
• Use your free time wisely. Make effective use of the time between classes or while you are
waiting -- for buses or friends, at the doctor's office, etc.
• Reward yourself when you have finished tasks on time. Make sure that the reward is suitable
for the difficulty of the task and the time you spent on it.
The more business a man has to do, the more he is able
to accomplish, for he learns to economize his time.-Sir Matthew Hale

29. 29
• Start NOW!
Getting Organized
(creating a week's plan)
.
.
STEP 1: List Your Activities
.
STEP 2: Create a Week's Plan
.
STEP 3: When in doubt, prioritize
.NOTE: Use the steps listed here to create a schedule for a typical week.
List Your Activities
.
. . .. . .Make a list of everything you need to do during a typical week. Include ALLactivities (not
just school assignments).
•List activities that come at fixed times and cannot be changed (e.g., classes, work
responsibilities, doctor's appointment).
•List class assignments and meetings (e.g., study groups, meeting with your advisor, etc.).
•List recreation and social activities.
Create a Week's Plan
.
1.Take the list you made of your activities and the day & time.
2.Write these activities down on a week's calendar.
3.Write down any related activities, for example, reading 2 chapters for history or writing a
biology lab report.

30. 30
F1 - Prioritize Your Activities
(Arrange in order of importance & urgency)
.
.
What do you do if you find that you have less time than you had anticipated for your activities?
Should you just not do some of the things? Or should you cut out a little time from each activity?
. . . . .What you need to do is PRIORITIZE. In other words, you need to determine the
importance and urgency of each activity and use this information to revise your schedule (week's
plan). In some cases, you may decide to postpone an activity that is not urgent, or perhaps you
will spend less time on an activity that is not so important.
. . . . .To help you prioritize your schedule, use the table below. Write the appropriate number (1,
2, 3 or 4) after each activity.
[Note: "Urgent" means that the deadline or due date is coming
up very soon; "Not Urgent" means that the deadline is a while away.]
2 1
Important but Important and
Not Urgent Urgent
4 3
Not Important or Not important
Urgent but Urgent

31. 31
•You should focus on activities with a #1, giving them the time and attention that their
importance
and urgency requires.
•You may need to make a decision about activities with a #2. If they are important but not
urgent, you may be able to spend less time on them or postpone them temporarily. But you don't
want to forget about them.
•For activities with a #3, you may decide to eliminate them because, even though they are
coming up very soon, they aren't really that important.
•Finally, if you really are short on time, you will probably want to eliminate activities with a #4.
He who knows most grieves most for wasted time. -Dante

32. 32
2.2. Time Management for College Students
Blank Calendar – Week
MAY
M T W T F S S
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12 13
14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
28 29 30 31
DATE .
7 a.m. .
8 a.m
.
9 a.m.
10 a.m.
.
11 a.m.
.
noon
.
1 p.m.
.
2 p.m.
.
3 p.m.
.
4 p.m.
.
5 p.m.
.
6 p.m.
.
7 p.m.
.
8 p.m.
.
9 p.m.
.
10 p.m.
.
midnight.

33. 33
2.3. Wrap-up
.
Congratulations!
You have taken the first step toward getting yourself better organized and doing better in your
classes. Now that you have made a schedule and prioritized what you need to do, it would be a
good idea to carry your schedule with you. Make sure that you update your schedule as new
things come along. For next week and the weeks after that, you just need to repeat the process:
STEP 1: List Your Activities
STEP 2: Create a Week's Plan
STEP 3: When in doubt, prioritize
Time Management for College Students
F -2 Procrastination Self-test
.
.
Read each statement and choose the word below ("never," "occasionally," "often," or "always")
that best describes your behavior. Write the corresponding number in the blank space before
each statement.
Never Occasionally Often Always
1 2 3 4
1.___ I feel I have to "cram" before an exam.
2.___ My homework is turned in on time.
3.___ I think I get enough sleep.
4.___ I pull all-nighters before mid-terms and finals.
5.___ I plan activities with friends or family for a couple of nights a week and spend the amount
of time with them that I planned.
6.___ When I'm working on a paper, I put off writing until a few days before it's due.
7.___ I cancel social activities because I feel I don't have enough time.
8.___ I get my papers in on time.
9.___ I find myself making a lot of excuses to my instructors about why my work isn't done.
10.___ I feel comfortable about how I use time now.
11.___ I feel that something is hanging over my head, that I'll never have enough time to do the
work assigned.
12.___ I feel tired.
Score A: Add up the numbers for questions 1, 4, 6, 7, 9, 11, and 12.
Score B: Add up the numbers for questions 2, 3, 5, 8, and 10.
If Score A is greater than Score B, you are probably a procrastinator. If Score A is less
than Score B, you manage your time well. If the scores are equal, you may procrastinate at times,
but procrastination is not a habit.
.

34. 34
CHAPTER – 3
THEORETICAL
REVIEW
Time is a physician which heals every grief.- Diphilus

35. 35
3.1 INTRODUCTION TO TIME MANAGEMENT THROUGH VALUE
Definition of Time Management Through Value
What is time management? There are several definitions out there. Simply put, time management
is the art of arranging your business and personal affairs in such a way that you and your
things show up when, where, and how you've intended them to, as frequently, effortlessly, and
ubiquitously as possible, and to facilitate getting things done as quickly as possible with the least
amount of resources (time, energy, money, and people) necessary.
"Things" can include physical files and papers, computer files, appointment reminders,
and lists of things to do now or maybe in the future, books to read, people to call, errands to run,
etc.
The term "time management" is a very interesting term to me. It's a misnomer, because when you
get right down to it, you can't really manage time. Let me explain.
What is the definition of time? There have been many different definitions from great
philosophers and thinkers throughout man's history trying to get a handle on just exactly what
time is.
Think about it for a moment. There is no past: it is concrete, fixed, set in stone, unchangeable.
The past does not exist. It happened, but it does not exist in this present moment. The past
only "exists" as a mental construct in our mind, not in the physical universe.
The future has yet to arrive, so it doesn't exist either. It too only exists in our mind, not in the
physical universe.
The only part of 'time' that truly exists is in this eternal present moment — NOW. That's it! Time
seemingly moves, but it really doesn't. In reality, there is only NOW.
So if there is no past and there is no future, how can we possibly manage something (time) that
doesn't exist???
Without going too far down the rabbit hole, let's keep it simple.
According to Albert Einstein, arguably the smartest man who ever lived, the definition of
time is 'the occurrence of events, one after the other.' Let's go with his definition for now.
If this is true, then we need to stop thinking 'time management' and start thinking 'event control.'
That's where effective time and skills come in to play.
The importance of time management for success in your life can not be overstated. It is one of
the most important and foundational "personal growth modules" you need to master or at least
get very good at. If you haven't made it a priority in the past, when would NOW be a good time
to commit to mastering time management skills?
No one is born a time management expert. It's a learned skill. That's the good news. You can
change your habits. You can learn how to manage your time better. And now that you have this
web site at your disposal, there are no excuses!
Better three hours too soon than a minute too late.- William Shakespeare

36. 36
3.2 History of time management
A brief history of time management
What? You don’t have enough time? A common enough plea from lawyers across the country
but, sad to say, everyone has all the time there is. While we all have the same amount some
people seem to have so much more than others. Why is this? This article aims to shift your
thinking about time, help you achieve more and give you more of that precious commodity –
time – to do what you want with it.
So, you want to know about time management. Unfortunately, there is no such thing.
Think about time… time passes at a set rhythm you can’t store time or use time faster, and you
can’t change it; so, how can you manage it? You can’t. You can only change you.
Before going any further, look back and think about what you were doing five years ago – in the
spring of 1997. Were you at college, in a training contract, an assistant or a senior partner? What
have you achieved since then? Think about what has changed for the better for you. What is it
that makes you feel more contented: earning more, driving a better car, living in a better house,
improved relationships, family, friends, or having more time to do the things you want to do? A
sobering thought, perhaps.
Very few people on their deathbed wish they had spent more time in the office.
Now turn round and look forward. Think about the future, say, ten years hence. What would you
like to achieve by spring 2013? Retired, a second home in Provence, Partnership, or set up your
own firm? What about life outside of work? OK, now think where are you going to be one year
from now; what would you like to have achieved by then?
Having done that, how are you getting there? Any journey starts with that first step. And as
George Harrison sang, “If you don’t know where you are going, any road will get you there.”
Have you planned your personal road forward? Are you on your way? It is important to think
about this issue from time to time – after all, life is not a dress rehearsal.
Accept that there is only one chance to achieve what you want in life – so you’d better start now.
Time is lost in minutes. Like sand spread through a carpet, you won’t see it, and you can’t hope
to make anything out of it unless you can pick it up, one grain at a time – minute by minute.
Then you can do something with it.
If you are an assistant solicitor with a high billing target of chargeable time to meet then billable
hours made up of six-minute units may be something that you think about while practice
managers may focus on this month’s turnover target, a quarterly or annual figure. Even if you are
handling a high caseload of fixed fee work, then perhaps a daily or weekly target is your
benchmark. Whatever your position in the firm, how you manage your workload is crucial.
No matter how busy you are, you must take time to make the other person feel
important. - Mary Kay Ash

37. 37
3.3 Objectives of time management through value
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Knowledge:
K1. The trainee will be able to identify and describe three time management
strategies that he or she can employ in the workplace.
K2. The trainee will be able to identify at least two barriers to effective time
management and at least two strategies for overcoming these barriers.
Skills:
S1. Using a vignette, the trainee will be able to demonstrate an ability to prioritize
and allot time to tasks effectively, taking into consideration child safety,
permanency, engagement, child and family needs, legal requirements, and
court deadlines.
Values:
V1. The trainee will value effective time management as a tool for providing
quality child welfare services and as a stress management technique.
V2. The trainee will value supervision as a resource for consultation about
workload issues, caseload management, and the setting of priorities.
Time Management,
V3. The trainee will value the prioritization of caseload tasks to optimize child
safety.
V4. The trainee will value keeping track of and meeting deadlines.
The only reason for time is so that everything doesn't happen at once- .Albert Einstein

38. 38
3.4 Purpose of time management
Have you ever felt there was not enough time in the day? If you do not manage your time
effectively, it really wouldn't matter how much extra time was added. The ability to manage time
effectively is an essential competency. Although some manage their time better than others,
effective time management is something everyone can learn.
Prioritize
Time management helps you determine your priorities. Knowing how to list tasks in order of
importance will help you make the most of your time.
Get More Done
The better you manage your time, the more you can get done even with
Less Stress
Managing your time can lower your stress level and keep you from feeling overwhelmed.
Career Advancement
Effective time management can affect the way you are perceived by others, which could lead to a
promotion.
Combat Procrastination
If you are serious about managing your time effectively, how you feel about a particular task
should not have a negative impact.
Quality Work
By managing your time effectively, you are freeing yourself to focus on the task at hand. By
focusing on current tasks, you can increase the quality of your work.
Self Management
Time management and self management go hand in hand. If you set goals for yourself, you will
need to manage time effectively to achieve them.
Lost time is never found again.- Benjamin Franklin

39. 39
3.5 IMPORTANCE OF Time management
Time Management includes:
Effective Planning
Setting goals and objectives
Setting deadlines
Delegation of responsibilities
Prioritizing activities as per their importance
Spending the right time on the right activity
Effective Planning
Plan your day well in advance. Prepare a To Do List or a “TASK PLAN”. Jot down the
important activities that need to be done in a single day against the time that should be allocated
to each activity. High Priority work should come on top followed by those which do not need
much of your importance at the moment. Complete pending tasks one by one. Do not begin fresh
work unless you have finished your previous task. Tick the ones you have already completed.
Ensure you finish the tasks within the stipulated time frame.
Setting Goals and Objectives
Working without goals and targets in an organization would be similar to a situation where the
captain of the ship loses his way in the sea. Yes, you would be lost. Set targets for yourself and
make sure they are realistic ones and achievable.
Setting Deadlines
Set deadlines for yourself and strive hard to complete tasks ahead of the deadlines. Do not wait
for your superiors to ask you every time. Learn to take ownership of work. One person who can
best set the deadlines is you yourself. Ask yourself how much time needs to be devoted to a
particular task and for how many days. Use a planner to mark the important dates against the set
deadlines.
Delegation of Responsibilities
Learn to say “NO” at workplace. Don’t do everything on your own. There are other people as
well. One should not accept something which he knows is difficult for him. The roles and
responsibilities must be delegated as per interest and specialization of employees for them to
finish tasks within deadlines. A person who does not have knowledge about something needs
more time than someone who knows the work well.
Prioritizing Tasks
Prioritize the tasks as per their importance and urgency. Know the difference between important
and urgent work. Identify which tasks should be done within a day, which all should be done
within a month and so on. Tasks which are most important should be done earlier.

40. 40
Spending the right time on right activity
Develop the habit of doing the right thing at the right time. Work done at the wrong time is not
of much use. Don’t waste a complete day on something which can be done in an hour or so. Also
keep some time separate for your personal calls or checking updates on Facebook or Twitter.
After all human being is not a machine.
For Effective Time Management one needs to be:
Organized - Avoid keeping stacks of file and heaps of paper at your workstation. Throw what
all you don’t need. Put important documents in folders. Keep the files in their respective drawers
with labels on top of each file. It saves time which goes on unnecessary searching.
Don’t misuse time - Do not kill time by loitering or gossiping around. Concentrate on your work
and finish assignments on time. Remember your organization is not paying you for playing
games on computer or peeping into other’s cubicles. First complete your work and then do
whatever you feel like doing. Don’t wait till the last moment.
Be Focused - One needs to be focused for effective time management.
The only reason for time is so that everything doesn't happen at once. - Albert Einstein

41. 41
3.6 Approaches to TIME MANAGEMENT
One of the most obvious differences between being a student in college and life before college is
that you take on a huge new responsibility to structure your time. You no longer have bells
ringing in the hallways, parents pushing you out the door, or that block schedule you had in high
school.
In fact, you have a lot of freedom to choose your classes and when they meet. You have to get
yourself to class (or not) and then decide what to do with all the rest of your time. You have to
eat, study, sleep, shower, possibly work at a part-time job, participate in campus organizations,
and if
there is any time left—have downtime to relax on your own or with friends.
So let’s begin with some:
No-Brainer Failsafe Strategies Used From Time Immemorial (whatever that means) That
Still Work Because They are so Sensible
1. Write the things you have to do on a calendar or in a planner.
2. Make sure you have an alarm clock that works, is loud, and remember to set it.
3. Wear a watch. Use it to help you stay on schedule. (Hint: you must look at it now and then.)
4. Have a written schedule grid or agenda for the day and for the week; review it every day.
5. Do not overscheduled or double book; be realistic!
6. Limit your time spent on time wasters such as Pac Man, playing cards, or chit chatting with
people you don’t even particularly want to chat with.
Did you notice how old-tech those ideas were? As children born in the 90’s, you will
automatically update those classics as follows:
1. Enter your important tasks into Any Do or a similar app for iPhone or Android
2. Use your Smartphone as an alarm clock. Just remember to set it!
3. Forget the watch. Your phone can be your watch too. But you do need to look at it.
4. Use Google calendar to set up your day—class times, study blocks, club meetings, meals, etc.
5. Do not overscheduled or overbook—on a paper calendar or electronic—same idea.
6. Limit your time spent on time wasters such as Facebook, Twitter, computer games, aimless
internet surfing, and hanging out with random people who are also trying to avoid doing what
they need to be doing.

42. 42
TIME MANAGEMENT – MODERN approach
The biggest and most destructive myth in time management is that you can get everything
done if only you follow the right system, use the right to-do list, or process your tasks in the right
way. That’s a mistake. We live in a time when the uninterrupted stream of information and
communication, combined with our unceasing accessibility, means that we could work every
single hour of the day and night and still not keep up. For that reason, choosing what we are
going to ignore may well represent the most important, most strategic time-management decision
of all.
To illustrate, let’s look at the experiences of Todd,1 the head of sales in a large financial-services
firm and a direct report to the CEO. Todd had been struggling to change the way people
approached the sales process. He wanted more measurement. He wanted people to target
prospects that were more likely to bring in higher margins. He wanted people to be more
strategic about which prospects to visit versus which simply to call. Finally, he wanted them to
be more courageous about pursuing “stretch” prospects where the odds of success were low but
the rewards would be high—and more willing to ignore prospects whose accounts weren’t likely
to be particularly profitable.
“I’ve told them all this multiple times,” Todd said. “I’ve even sat them through a long training.
But their behavior isn’t changing. They’re still selling the same old way to the same old
prospects.”
Todd’s salespeople knew what he wanted from them and were able to do it. They also weren’t
lazy; they were working long hours and were working hard. Rather, the problem was that Todd’s
salespeople thought they could do it all. That’s why they resisted segmenting their markets or
measuring the potential of each prospect before planning a visit: they didn’t want to miss any
opportunities. Yet because their time was limited, they ended up missing some of the best.
If this problem bedevils salespeople in organizations like Todd’s, imagine its impact on senior
executives. The scope, complexity, and ambiguity of senior leaders’ roles not only create near-
infinite permutations of priorities but also make it more difficult to get real-time performance or
productivity feedback. Is it any wonder that only 52 percent of 1,500 executives McKinsey
surveyed said that the way they spent their time largely matched their organizations’ strategic
priorities? (For more on this research, see “Making time management the organization’s
priority.”)
We don’t often place organizational problems (such as weak alignment between the priorities of
a company’s strategy or poor collaboration among the senior team) in the domain of time
management, which is generally seen as an issue for individuals. To meddle with someone’s to-
do list or calendar feels like micromanaging. In addition, time management seems too simplistic
a solution to a complex organizational challenge.
But in this case, the simplest solution may be the most powerful because most behavior-change
challenges are simply about how people are spending their time. That’s precisely where
individual time management and organizational time management need to intersect. The question
is how. Here’s a straightforward approach.
If you spend too much time thinking about a thing, you'll never get it done. - Bruce Lee

43. 43
Step one: identify up to five things—no more—that you want to focus on for the year. You
should spend about 95 percent of your time on those things. Why five things? Why 95 percent of
your time? Because getting things done is all about focus. If instead of spending 95 percent of
your time on your top five, you spend 80 percent of your time on your top ten, you lose focus
and things start falling through the cracks.
As an example, Todd’s five things might include the following:
Clarify and refine the sales strategy for higher margins.
Speak and write to spread the word to higher-margin prospects.
Visit higher-margin prospects and clients.
Develop and motivate a sales team that focuses on higher-margin clients.
Provide cross-silo executive leadership.
Limits to the Traditional Time Management Approach
"You can gain extra minutes and even hours every day by following these tips from a time
management expert," the article in the tabloid newspaper announces. (You know the kind of
paper I'm talking about, the kind nobody reads, let alone buys, but that somehow boasts a paid
circulation in the millions.)
Among these tips from the expert, Lucy Hedrick, author of 365 Ways to Save Time:
"If you don't have time for reading, letter-writing, cooking or exercising, get up earlier in the
morning."
That seems to be a favorite solution. Other experts, the ones who study sleep, estimate that
Americans are now getting 60 to 90 minutes less sleep each night than they did 10 to 15 years
ago. (Again, more on the vital topic of snoozing in a later chapter.)
"Keep your breakfast fast and simple. Try a 'blender breakfast' consisting of a banana, fruit juice,
granola and a dash of honey."
"If your bathtub needs a cleaning, do it during your shower. You can scrub as you finish washing
or while your hair conditioner is working."
I could do those things. I could make up a huge pitcher of "blender breakfast" and keep it in a
cooler in my car, so I could drink it on the way to work.
I could take a water-proof tape player into the shower with me, so I could listen to a self-help
tape (preferably on one of those compressed players that takes the "dead air" pauses out) while
I'm going at the grouting with my toothbrush. I suppose I could even wear my clothes into the
shower, like the protagonist in Anne Tyler's marvelous novel, The Accidental Tourist, so I could
wash my duds while I showered, grouted, and listened.
Time flies over us, but leaves its shadow behind. - Nathaniel Hawthorne

44. 44
But I'm not going to do any of those things. I'm not saying they're bad things. They might work
wonderfully for some folks. But I personally would pay too high a price for the saved seconds.
I have to chew my breakfast, so I know I've really eaten; I'll have to live with the inconvenience
and the irrevocable passage of time while I chomp my Grape Nuts.
I want and need the three-minute oasis of a steaming hot shower, my little morning miracle, a
pleasure for body and soul, to start even the busiest day.
I do, however, get up at 5:00 and exercise for 45 minutes to an hour and a half every morning
before I chew my way through breakfast and wallow in that hot shower. That works for me. It
might not work for you.
Lots of folks take a Walkman with them when they jog. I prefer letting my mind drift.
Comedienne Joan Rivers reportedly has a speakerphone on her treadmill. More power to you,
Joan. Whatever works. But that sounds awful to me.
Some of you need to impose strict order on your work space--a place for everything and
everything in its place, with neat files, a clean desktop, a floor you can actually walk on. I'm in
the compost heap school of desktop management, and I don't mind hurdling the piles of files and
books and periodicals that inevitably collect on the floor.
I even found support for my slovenly workplace. In How to Put More Time in Your Life, Dru
Scott extols "the secret pleasures" of clutter, calling messy folks "divergent thinkers" (which, you
have to admit, sounds much better than "messy slob").
The classic rules of time management don't work for everyone. You have to find your own way
through the suggestions and exercises that follow. You may not be able to control some elements
of your life--and you may not want to.
There are lots of things none of us can control. If you drive a car anywhere more populous than
the outback of Australia, you're going to get stuck in traffic. Manage the flow of traffic? You
might as well try to manage the current of the river in which you swim.
If you make an appointment, somebody's going to keep you waiting. A phone solicitor will
interrupt your dinner. Your boss will dump a last-minute assignment on you. Your child will get
sick the same day you have to make that mega-presentation before the board.
There are no secrets that time does not reveal. - Jean Racine

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3.7. SYMPTOMS OF POOR TIME MANAGEMENT
Poor time management shows up by way of one or a combination of typical perceptible
symptoms. Managers would do well to look for and reflect on whether they are subject to any of
those symptoms with a view to take necessary corrective actions.
The following are some of the indicators of poor time management:
Constant rushing (e.g. between meetings or tasks)
Frequent delays (e.g. in attending meetings, meeting deadlines)
Low productivity, energy and motivation (e.g. ‘I can’t seem to get worked up about anything’)
Frustration (e.g. ‘Oh, things just don’t move ahead)
Impatience (e.g. ‘where the hell is that information I’ve asked him for?’)
Chronic vacillation between alternatives (e.g. ‘whichever option I choose it is going to put me
at a big disadvantage. I don’t know which way to jump’)
Difficulty setting and achieving goals (e.g. ‘I’m not sure what is expected of me’)
Time you enjoy wasting, wasnot wasted. - John Lennon

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F 3 WHERE DOES ALL THE TIME GO?
It is quite surprising when you sit and think about where all the time in one day goes. Twenty
four hours is really a lot of time. But on most days it scarcely seems enough. But this is because
of certain misconceptions about time. Let us proceed to carefully examine where all that time
goes and find out if twenty four hours really is. For that I have listed out certain points which
will help you to get a realistic view about how much time you really have in a day.
Point 1
We do not really get twenty four hours in a day. Maybe it’s because we always talk about the
twenty four hours in a day, we get the feeling that we really do have twenty four hours to finish
our daily business and the fact is that we do not. Assuming that you hit the sack at least by
twelve in the night and taking for granted the fact that you need at least seven hours of sleep; let
me fix your waking time at seven in the morning.
That means that you have already lost seven hours, which we can deduct from twenty four,
giving us only seventeen waking hours. Waking hours does not mean the hours you take to
wakeup but the hours that you are awake. So let us get that straight, we have only 17 hours in a
day. Now if you think that all those seventeen hours can be used for productive work, you are
wrong again. For this come to the next point.
Point 2
The seventeen waking hours cannot be used completely for productive work. There are many
things that a human being should do in order to continue to live like a human being and some of
these things do take up a lot of time. Now the following list that I have drawn up is sure to vary
from person to person. But I have taken the times for each action on what I felt to e reasonable
times as far as any normal human being is concerned.
Taking a shower.
Most of us take a shower at least once in a day and the time I think we can put down for that is
ten minutes. For those of you cleaner ones who shower twice a day put that as twenty minutes.
Answering the call of nature
Oh yes, we are all very cultured people who have the best of manners and upbringing. We dress
ourselves properly and conduct ourselves with the utmost poise. But there are several times in a
day when we have to go back to nature and summing up all those things we do in the bath room I
think a good half hour should be enough.
Getting ready and tidying ourselves
When we move about in society definitely we have to look our best and adding up all the
minutes that we spend in front of that mirror, we get another ten minutes. For some people of
course, this figure comes up to half an hour. But I think ten minutes is good enough.
Don't spend time beating on a wall, hoping to transform it in to a door. - Coco Chanel

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Eating
We need to eat to live and though I accept the fact that people have different eating habits and
times, I think that and I’m sure doctors will agree with me that a person needs three meals a day
and should take at least ten minutes to ingest a meal and not just gobble it down. So that makes it
30 minutes for food.
Time to relax
Please do not raise an argument now. I promise to deal with this bit later on. But right now I
would like to put down one hour as the time to relax, and this includes the time that you get to
yourself for prayer or meditation or just to stare out of your window or perhaps the few extra
minutes that you spend in your bed after waking up, waiting for the last traces of sleep to go
away.
Time with family and friends
Please we are human beings, aren’t we? And we certainly cannot get along with our business of
life without chatting a few minutes every now and then with our friends and the family too. So
with your permission, I would like to deduct another hour from your waking time.
So now what do we have left?
We started off with 17 hours of waking time. And we proceed to add up all the time that we
accounted for in the above mentioned points; let us see how much time we have left for
productive work provided we still want to exist as human beings.
The activities mentioned above would take when put together a good three hours and twenty
minutes. That is 3 hours and 20 minutes. I put it down in both numerals and words so that you
can get a real taste of the figure. Now if we proceed to subtract this figure from our 17 hours of
waking time, what do we get? We are left with just thirteen hours forty minutes. In figures that is
13 hours 40 minutes. And that is a fact. That is all that we get. So from now on don’t you think
that it would be more realistic to say that we have just thirteen hours and forty minutes to
accomplish a day’s work and not twenty-four hours. For if we continue to believe that we have
twenty four hours, and then we are in effect deceiving ourselves. But wait there is more to this
story than meets the eye. These crucial hours that we have painstakingly added up are not really
put to constructive use. There are certain things called time waster which you have to look out
for and that is what we are going to deal within our next chapter.

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‘Time Killers’
Till now, we have been harping about how valuable time is and how time lost is time lost forever
and so on. But now we come to a strange concept and that is ‘Time Killers’. The very word
sound like sacrilege doesn’t it? How can one talk about killing such a valuable resource. But
that’s the way the story goes. There are a lots of time killers in this world and what you have to
do is that you have to identify these time killers, look out for them and stay wary of tem. Only
then can you put your available time to the maximum possible use.
The time killers that I have listed below are more or less general. They are things that most of us
encounter. But apart from these, each one of us may have unique time killers that are particular
to our style of living and way of work. Be smart and identify these killers. When I talk about
killers, do not get the impression of masked men lurking in shadows brandishing guns and
knives. The killers that I am referring to are quite ordinary every day things that we see and use
in our lives but often do not realize how much of our time they take away.
Seven terrible Time Killers
Telephone calls
Chatter boxes
Traffic jams
Finding parking spaces
Meetings
Bad machinery
Long queues
The list could of course go on. But before we keep adding to the list, I would like to elaborate on
certain of the items listed above.
The time you enjoy wasting is not wasted time. - Bertrand Russell

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3.8. How to handle Time Killers
• The funny thing about telephone calls is that these instruments are indeed great time
savers. In fact the amount of time that people get to save thanks to telephones is stupendous. The
problem arises when telephones are not used properly. Most people do not understand and even
if they do they forget that telephones are not to be used for lengthy conversations. For one thing,
another person may be trying to reach you and there is nothing as exasperating as trying to reach
a person over the telephone and being confronted with a busy tone. So the first thing about a
telephone conversation is that it should be brief.
Another thing about telephones is that most people do not know how to use a telephone properly.
In stead of immediately identifying themselves and asking directly for the person they want,
some people go on playing a lot of “who is speaking” games once they make a call or answer the
telephone.
Now coming to mobile phones there is a lot to be said and done. What should be done is turn off
your cell phone when you are having a conversation or a discussion with more than one person.
As soon as you get a call, you may ask the people you were talking to excuse yourself but you
leave them waiting while you chuckle and giggle over your phone. Often we tend to give more
importance to the caller than to the person we were having the discussion with. Again the same
rule applies here. Be brief. A mobile phone is to be used to get an important message across to a
person who you were not able to reach on the land line.
The next point is about those chatter boxes. Haven’t we all met them? They simply love the
sound of their own voices and once they open their mouths, there is no stopping them. They
waste not only your time but their time as well. Steer clear of such people. Believe me, it is much
easier to avoid such people than to tell them to shut up and if you get a telephone call from such
a person, use a caller ID facility or ask your secretary to divert the call.
Traffic jams and finding parking spaces. Any one who has lived in the city for at least a day will
know what I am talking about. There is no getting past a traffic jam at the rush hour. And will
someone tell me whit is called the rush hour when that is the time when the traffic is the slowest.
The only thing you can do is anticipate the traffic jam and leave your home a half hour or one
hour early. But that does not really keep the time killer at bay. It just helps you to avoid being
late. In this respect you have two options. Either you could find something constructive to do
while you wait for the traffic to move along or the traffic light to change or a better option would
be to take subway and walk the rest of the way. You can get a long a lot faster on your feet and it
is a lot better for your health as well. By doing so, you can also get rid of the headache of finding
a parking space.
Not surprisingly lengthy meetings and discussions can prove to be awful time killers particularly
if the meeting does not have a clear agenda and if there are people who love top talk among the
group. It has been found that most middle and senior level mangers spend nearly 70% of their
work time talking. And in most organizations, parleying has been made into a fine art.
Bad machinery is a time waster. How many of us have wanted to sit and scream and bang the
daylights out of a pc that does not give us the required data or information. A computer that takes
a long time to start up, a photocopier that gives shamefully faint photocopies, even a leaky faucet
or a stubborn drawer or door knob can waste a lot of time and send us up the wall. If you have
such equipment or machinery, get it changed at the earliest possible date. It is worth the amount
of time and energy that you waste on it every day.

50. 50
Long queues certainly waste a lot of time. That does not mean that you have to jump the queue.
If you can get the job done over the telephone or can reserve your ticket in advance, do it, even if
it means a few extra dollars, it is worth the time you may have to spend waiting.
Apart from these each person may have particular time wasters, like for instance, a car that
refuses to start in the morning, difficult hair that insists on looking like Medusas head on a bad
snake day, an elevator that takes forever to reach your floor. Use your common sense and try to
find alternate methods or even better, if you cannot find an alternate method, you could put the
time to some use like read your morning paper in the elevator.
You will get a better idea of how to get over time killers once we handle the section called the
time savers.
Lining Up Your Ducks: Prioritize!
“Lining up your ducks” is a familiar and charming phrase. It derives from the tendency of baby
ducklings to swim in a perfectly straight line behind their mother. If the ducklings begin to stray
too far, the mother duck will invariably “shepherd” them back into line—thus, “getting her ducks
in a row.”
The application of this phrase to time management is clear. If you deal with things in a logical,
orderly sequence, you’re sure to bring efficiency and results to your efforts. When your “ducks”
begin to stray too far afield, danger is lurking—for them and for you.
Let’s face it. 24 hours in a day is not enough time for many people to do everything in their
schedule. It is therefore imperative that people perform their activities in the order of priority.
Time management experts like Stephen Covey S R (The Seven Habits of Highly Effective
People; Simon & Schuster) have developed a model called a time management matrix.
This model enables managers to prioritize their activities and use their time more effectively.
With the help of the model, they can evaluate their activities in terms of importance and urgency.
The art of prioritizing covers 4 major task groups:
1. Important and Urgent
2. Not Important but Urgent
3. Not Urgent but Important
4. Not Important and Not Urgent

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F – 4 TIME MANAGEMENT MATRIX

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Important and Urgent
Quadrant 1 represents things which are both urgent and important – labeled
“firefighting”. The activities need to be dealt with immediately, and they are important.
These tasks are the ones that must be done right away, or consequences may result. An
example would be bills that are due today. If you don’t pay your bills on time, you would
incur additional charges or they might cut off their services to you. Activities belonging
to this category need to be acted upon without delay. You should give them the highest
priority.
Important but Not Urgent
Quadrant 2 represents things which are important, but not urgent - labelled “Quality
Time”. Although the activities here are important, and contribute to achieving the goals
and priorities - they do not have to be done right now. As a result, they can be scheduled
when they can be given quality thought to them.
A good example would be the preparation of an important talk, or mentoring a key
individual. Prayer time, family time and personal relaxation/recreation are also part of
Quadrant 2.
Urgent but Not Important
Quadrant 3 represents distractions. They must be dealt with right now, but frankly, are
not important. For example, when a person answers an unwanted phone call, - he/she has
had to interrupt whatever he/she is doing to answer it.
Not Important and Not Urgent
Quadrant 4 represents Time Wasting. You might think activities in this section are not
worth people’s time, so they won’t engage in these activities much. You would be
surprised to know that people spend most of their time doing things that are both
unimportant and non-urgent, such as watching TV and movies, playing video games,
senseless chatting for hours on the phone, shopping for new clothes, etc.
Of course, it is essential for people to relax and unwind once in a while.
”All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy,” as they say. But you should be strict in
limiting your time for these activities; that is, if you really want to accomplish a lot in
your life.
Treat activities belonging to this section with the lowest priority. If you really want to
succeed, strictly limit your time in doing these activities or don’t do them at all. Focus on
those that will bring you fruitful results.
“I cannot make my days longer so I strive to make them better.” ~ Henry David Thoreau

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Numbered Priority Tactic
Here’s one of the most powerful techniques that you can use to manage your time
efficiently – the Numbered Priority Tactic.
Buy a very small notebook that you can put in your pocket. You should be able to bring it
anywhere you go. At the front page of the notebook, put the title: Important and
Urgent. At the back page, put the title: Important but Not Urgent.
If an idea or event you encounter is Urgent but Not Important, then forget it. You want
to utilize your time well, won’t you? If you think it’s significant in some way, then you
may put it under Important and Urgent. Ignore Not Important and Not Urgent tasks.
Every time something comes up during your daily work or on your mind, put it in the
appropriate page of your little notebook. So let’s say your boss told you to submit a
report due tomorrow. Write it down on your notebook under Important and Urgent.
Then your friend told you that there’s a big 2-day sale at the downtown furniture store.
You may put it under Important and Urgent if you simply must have that furniture
you’re drooling for months. But if you think your house would do fine without it, then
don’t write it anymore. As you’re walking down the street you suddenly thought of a
great new idea for your part-time business. You may put it under Important but Not
Urgent.
As the day goes on, write down each and every idea, thought, or event that comes to your
mind. As the list increases in each category, examine each of them carefully and start
numbering each item in the order of priority - with 1 being the highest priority. Start
working on Number 1, and never go to Number 2 until you’re done with Number 1 for
each category. If distractions come about, you may take care of them first but always
come back to your numbered list when you’re done.
Because priorities may change, you may switch or change the numbers of the items in the
list. You may also transfer one item from Important and Urgent to Important but Not
Urgent, and vice-versa. When you do any changes, make sure your notebook stays clean.
Transfer your writings to a new page when you see that it’s getting untidy. Start off with
a new page every day.
This method can enable you to achieve more in one week than what most people can
accomplish in a month. The important thing you must do is to buy that little notebook and
to start doing this super tactic right now! Time is running fast.
“You don’t get paid for the hour. You get paid for the value you bring to the hour.” – Jim Rohn

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F – 5 Pareto's Principle or the 80/20 Rule
It was developed in the 19th century. The principle states that 80 percent of our
unfocused effort generates only 20 percent of our end results, and that 80 percent of our
results are achieved from 20 percent of the overall energy expended. Many students and
professionals spend the day in a frenzy of activity, but achieve very little of their desired
results because they are not concentrating on the right things. In the 1950s, the focus was
on the manager and his organization skills. Later in that decade, James McKay authored
the first book on time management.
Stephen R. Covey describes the first generation of modern time management techniques
as notes and checklist reminders. The second generation focused on planning and
preparation through the use of calendars and appointment books. The third generation
was committed to "planning, prioritizing and controlling." Once again, these techniques
were not working. Covey describes several myth of third generation time management
and its ideals of the following:
• Planning for efficiency
• Personal values' prioritization
• Controlling other people

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F – 6 ABC System
Alan Lakein developed the “ABC technique.” This approach uses letters to prioritize
what is truly important to the individual. In labeling a task as A, B or C, the individual is
actually categorizing these tasks as short-term, intermediate or long-range goals. This
system can be taken one step further by assigning numerical rank to each task. For
example, A-1 is the most important task and A-2 is secondary to A-1. The ABC
technique of prioritization was limited because "A" list priorities may be confused with
urgency more often than true importance. Some "B" and "C" ranked priorities may
actually be more important, but not as urgent.
Covey has developed another prioritization technique that deals with the problem of
importance versus urgency. In the later half of this century, time management instruments
and instruction has blossomed into a sophisticated business. The professional is left to a
personal search for those instruments that will be the most effective and efficient for his
or her lifestyle. The professional who does not use time management skills may risk
missing appointments and due dates of assignments. No good excuses can be given for
being lazy in this area, as the professional is expected to be organized, finish tasks at
assigned times, and be able to use time management principles to lead others.
Setting goals with balance in mind, planning ahead, and working on tasks that are
important but not urgent can help alleviate many crises of life that the professional may
otherwise encounter.
“Ask yourself this question: ‘Will this matter a year from now?'” -Richard Carlson

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3.9. Time Savers
Everything in this world has something to balance its existence. If there is white, there is
black; if there is darkness there is light, if there are time wasters, there are time savers. So
now let us focus our attention towards those time savers because they are our best friends
when we talk about Time Management. These are hereby few general examples of time
savers. They are by no means the only time savers in the world.
The Top Ten Time Savers
Telephones
Computers
Elevators
Fax Machines
The Internet
Coffee Machines
Bulletin or Notice Boards
Photo Copiers
Efficient Filing Systems
Good Secretaries and Junior Staff
Let’s take a quick look at all these.
Telephones.
Surprise! Surprise! I had included telephones under the list of time killers but telephones
are in fact one of the best time savers that man has invented. Just imagine the amount of
time you get to save by just making a telephone call!
Suppose you are to have a business lunch (sometimes called a working lunch) with an
important client. Obviously you have to reserve a table in your favorite restaurant. Now,
imagine you have to go there in person and get things done directly. The task would
easily take away at least two or three hours of your time when you take into account the
journey, the traffic and all that. On the other hand, this is something you can easily do
over the telephone while you are comfortably seated in your office.
So telephones are certainly one of the best time savers in this world. But of course, it all
depends on how you use the telephone.
Computers
I don’t think that enough can be said about the time saving roles of the computer. But
then I don’t think that I have to say much. I suppose every one will agree that computers
are indeed time-saving machines.
“It’s been my observation that most people get ahead during the time that others waste.” -Henry
Ford

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Elevators
Next we come to elevators and elevators too we know save a lot of time that we would
otherwise have to spend plodding up flights and flights of steps. Elevators save not just
time but energy as well. But one annoying thing about elevators is that sometimes even f
we punch the button repeatedly, the elevator takes for ever to reach or floor.
Now, if you just have to go two or three floors up or down in such cases it is always
better to take the stairs instead of waiting ten or fifteen minutes for the elevator to come
to your floor. It’s better for your health too, top climb a few stairs every day.
Fax machines
Like telephones, fax machines too save a lot of time by enabling us to send important
documents across continents if needed and that too within a few seconds.
The internet
It goes without saying that the internet has revolutionized our concept of time itself. With
facilities like email, scanners, voicemail and video conferencing, even the fax machine
has become outdated. Talk about fast…
Coffee machines.
I did it on purpose. When people see that a coffee machine has been included among the
list of time savers, they tend to screw up their noses and raise their eyebrows. But would
you believe that earlier, before coffee machines had made their presence felt in offices,
people used to take coffee breaks that lasted up to half an hour?
Bulletin or Notice Boards
Bulletin and Notice Boards are very time effective way of reaching out to a large number
of people. Instead of conducting one of those long meetings in which every one gets a
chance to go on and on, it’s is bets to convey messages with the help of notice boards and
bulletins which can be displayed at a place accessible to all. Oh yes, then comes the
question of how to make sure that the message is read by all those concerned.
Simple, include space on the notice where the concerned people can put down their
initials as proof that they have read the message.
Photocopiers
Often we tend to underestimate the importance of photocopiers in an office. Those
machines just sit there and take copies of what is fed into them all day long. It does seem
like a job which does not require any brains. And that is why we do not give these
machines any credit. But once these machines fail, we understand their worth. Of course
we can take multiple prints using a printer, but cost wise and time wise a photocopier is
much better. It is really faster than a printer and it costs nothing to take copies.

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Efficient Filing Systems
This had already been dealt with under office organization, but I just want to add that a
good system of filing definitely saves a lot of time. Being able to find an important
document or file should not be a matter of luck. There should be a proper place to keep
the files something which people call a cabinet. And the files should be kept in a proper
order with easy to read and intelligible name tags and labels. And in the files, the
documents should not be filed in a haphazard order but should have an order that makes it
easy to locate a paper.
The same thing applies to the files you have on your computer, you should name the files
properly and not use abbreviation that could stand for anything. People tend to try and
save time by using abbreviations which sound quite ridiculous once they forget what it
really stands for.
Good Secretaries and Junior Staff
Good secretaries are always an asset to an office. If your secretary is as dependable as a
screen saver, then half the battle is won. But on the other hand if your secretary is as
feather brained as a hen, then heaven help you! The advantage of having good secretaries
and junior staff is that you can delegate a lot of things to them.
I told you earlier that it is not always necessary that you do everything by yourself. You
should be able to delegate a lot of things, but first of course you have to be sure that the
people you are delegating to do something are good enough.
Once you are able to share your work load with someone, you will have at least one hand
free, and I am sure you will be able to put that hand to some good use.
Now, over here I have just highlighted ten time savers. It would be a good idea for you to
look around and identify things that could save your time. Answering machines for one
save a lot of time. If you really are too busy to attend your calls, let the machine do the
talking for you.
In this context I think it would be appropriate to talk about one thing that most people
often go wrong with in their quest to save time, and that is trying to do two things at the
same time.
“Do the hard jobs first. The easy jobs will take care of themselves.” ~ Dale Carnegie

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3.10 ADVANTAGES OF TIME MANAGEMENT
Having a job can be a stressful activity. Most people lose a lot of time just trying to think
about their job. Too often, your job consumes you that it becomes a part of your everyday
life and you tend to lose priorities on other activities. However, all of these are due to
improper management of time. The problems without proper time management, you
could be facing a lot of stress. You have to remember that productivity does not just
mean doing several things. You need to create a balance in these activities and make sure
each is properly done. When you have so many things to consider, you are very much
likely going to fail in meeting your deadline or you can schedule more than one meeting
at the same time. This could lead to lower efficiency and lots of time wasted. Although
you might not lose your job in the process, you could easily forsake other aspects of your
life.
The remedy Time management can help prevent such events from happening. This is
because you won’t have to worry about things when you schedule your events properly.
You get a lot of stress relief and a lot of time to prioritize your life. However, successful
time management is quite tricky. You have to incorporate a little self-discipline in order
to set up your events properly. You also have to be more flexible with your goals and
priorities. These prerequisites are easy to attain. You just have to learn the basic concepts
in order to set things in motion.
Proper time management creates a few of the most powerful advantages within and
outside your job sphere. Since all these problems stem from stress, the main advantage of
time management is the reduction of stress. You probably have experienced chasing
deadlines or suddenly realizing that you set up two meetings on the same date. You can
prevent such scenario from happening if you practice clear time management plan and a
timetable for your activities. By having a clear plan, you give yourself the chance to set
up a great schedule that suits your planned activities both in and out of the job.
Furthermore, you avoid compromising the most important aspect of all your activities:
your health.
Another good thing about having a successful time management program is having a
higher chance of completing everything on time. When you miss a deadline, you fall out
of favor with your boss. This leads to additional pressure to complete other tasks and
even to outdo your other officemates. This leads to a lot of unnecessary pressure that may
cause you to extend your work outside the office just to keep up. It might even mean that
you will bring your work to the dinner table. And the worse that could happen, you get so
stressed out that you pass on the stress to your family members. The sooner you complete
your tasks, the more you free yourself of all the stress.
The best thing about time management is that you get the chance to live your life on a
proper routine. Your working schedule is not swamped and so you can leave enough time
for relaxing and having fun. And despite of your hectic schedule, never forget to take a
break from time to time as it helps you become more productive.
“Both positive and negative thinking are contagious.”
― Stephen Richards,