Are you an accessibility advocate or champion? This presentation introduces steps to make your applications and web sites accessible. It also challenges us to create the future accessibility solutions.
It was created for the Yahoo! Hack University event at the University of Washington by Ted Drake, from the Yahoo! Accessibility Lab.
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Yahoo! Hack University: Accessibility Innovations and Challenges
1. Accessibility Innovations
and Challenges
Ted Drake
Yahoo! Accessibility Lab
Thursday, March 3, 2011
this presentation was created for the Yahoo! Hack U event at the University of Washington,
2011
3. Leveling the playing
field
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Thursday, March 3, 2011
Our goal is to give everyone equal access to information, tools, jobs, and activities. We
acknowledge there may be different methods to achieve tasks, but they are possible.
4. Removing Barriers
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Don’t break the web by creating an application that is not accessible. Avoid “shortcuts” that
assume the user can see, hear, and/or has full mobility.
5. Universal Design
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produce buildings, products and environments that are inherently accessible to both the able-bodied and the physically
disabled.
Apple products do a great job at this.
don’t think a,b,c, i.e. high contrast or low contrast. Think about how you can provide a range of contrast.
Provide functionality for hover, active, focus.
6. Who makes it
accessible?
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lainey feingold, an attorney that works with companies to improve their products accessibility.
for instance, braille credit card machines at Target and other stores.
She says advocates and champions are needed for accessibility changes
7. Advocates Refuse Barriers
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Advocates, she explained, are people with disabilities that are not satisfied with having to work around barriers to entry.
They demand equal access, whether that is an accessible web form, ATMs with audio feedback, or tactile point of sale devices
that allow a visually impaired shopper to use a credit card at a store’s cash register.
8. Champions make it happen
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Champions are people within organizations that understand the problems and are devoted to implementing the changes.
Some people are both advocates and champions.
9. Some rights reserved by ocad123 on Flickr
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It’s our job to avoid upsetting advocates in the first place.
We are also the champions that listen to the advocates and fix the problems.
10. Make it Accessible
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The following slides discuss basic accessible web development concepts.
11. Contrast
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Make sure web sites have enough contrast
http://snook.ca/technical/colour_contrast/colour.html
12. Red Green
click on the red button
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Don’t use color as the only delimiter.
Finance uses color + arrows.
Yahoo! sites are pretty good at not doing this
13. Lady Gaga performs “Born
Lady Gaga stuns the This Way” while
Grammys suspended from 15 golden
elephants with swans
resting on their heads
This is good alt text
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“lady gaga stuns the Grammys” is a headline, followed by an image.
the image has a great alt text. The text describes what is in the image.
14. http://ts2.mm.bing.net/
Lady Gaga stuns the images/thumbnail.aspx?
Grammys q=590377916357&id=99b
50262230077d041a48c43
e717cf39
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don’t forget to add the alt attribute to every image.
the screen reader user will be presented with the source of the image instead of a
description.
15. Lady Gaga stuns the
Grammys Lady Gaga stuns the
Grammys
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It doesn’t help to duplicate the headline in the image.
Try placing them in the same link and use alt=””
16. Lady Gaga stuns the
Grammys
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alt=”” is ignored by screen reader.
Good for decorative images
Good for images within a link that has descriptive text
Not good for content images by themselves
role=”presentation” will tell screen readers to ignore the image
17. Images Disabled
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This toolbar had a twitter badge with white text on top.
add a background color to your background CSS when the link text is the same color as the
container background color.
This can cause problems with transparent images using rounded corners.
18. <html dir=”rtl”>
The mother of all scroll bars
Off-screen Text
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off-screen text generates huge scroll bars when switched to rtl text direction
this is caused by using text-indent:-999em or left:-999em;
top:-999em; will cause the screen to jump if item is focused.
19. Use Clip
.obscure, a.bg span {
position: absolute !important;
clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); /* IE6, 7 */
clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);
}
http://yaccessibilityblog.com/library/css-clip-hidden-content.html
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This rule tells us to position the element absolutely
then only show the top left pixel.
Visit the blog entry for complete information on using this css pattern.
20. <bu$on>Sign
In</bu$on>
<a>Cancel</a>
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Don’t use a link for a button.
at least add role=”button”
you can style a button to look like a link for UED
21. <th scope=”col”>
Name Color Taste
</th>
Gala Red Sweet
Granny Smith Green Tart
<th scope=”row”>
Pink Lady Pink Sweet
</th>
Rome Red Sweet
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add scope=”row | col” to your th cells
screen readers will announce the header before the appropriate cell.
th[scope=”row”] allows you to style row headers
22. Command +
Is not testing for text size flexibility
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In firefox and safari choose view->zoom text only, then use command +
simply zooming the page causes scroll bars.
your page should allow user to increase font without breaking layout.
use YUI CSS for fonts,grids,base,reset to instantly solve this
23. Label Your Input
<label for=”fname”>First Name</label>
<input id=”fname” name=”fname” type=”text”>
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Use a label for each form input.
Explicit binding via for+id will work in all browsers.
Implicit binding, wrapping the input in a label tag, will not work in IE6
replace label with aria-label=””, aria-labelledby=””, or possibly alt=”” on input.
24. ARIA
Accessible Rich Internet Applications
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ARIA allows us to define the application like interactions for web pages.
25. Use ARIA Today
• Landmarks: role=”search”, role=”main”
• Function: role=”button”
• Labels: aria-label=”Search Term”
• State: aria-invalid=”true”
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Visit the accessibility lab’s aria library for more information: http://yaccessibilityblog.com/
library/tag/aria
27. Traumatic Brain Injury
• Iraq Veterans
• Football Injuries
• Crashes
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short term memory loss
require repetitive instructions
avoid confusion
28. PEAT
• Schedule for daily tasks
• Reinforce remembered
tasks
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PEAT was originally designed for NASA astronauts.
scheduled reminders require user to interact when a task is completed.
how can we reinforce good behavior when the task is completed without prompting
Palo Alto V.A. is working on this
29. Short Term Memory
Loss Hacks
• Re-Education
• Workforce transition
• Resources aggregator
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application that restores basic personal knowledge
applications that storyboard workspace tasks, such as replacing toner, creating spreadsheets
31. “Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought
forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in
liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men
are created equal.”
87 years ago our country was created with the belief
that all men are equal and deserve freedom.
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Can we generate a simplified version of an article for those with a lower reading level?
32. Readability.com
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Readability is a browser plugin that simplifies a page
it removes images, navigation, etc
user can personalize font size, background color, and optional resource link list
33. Readability.com
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Readability is a browser plugin that simplifies a page
it removes images, navigation, etc
user can personalize font size, background color, and optional resource link list
34. Readability.com
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Readability is a browser plugin that simplifies a page
it removes images, navigation, etc
user can personalize font size, background color, and optional resource link list
35. Photo Dialer
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this is a fairly easy application that lets user make phone calls via the images in their contacts
rather than names and phone numbers
This can integrate with phone’s contact list for very easy dialing.
36. Memory Loss
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slide shows to feature family and friends with names
mental games
journals for keeping track of what has been done during the day.
Growing population with dementia and alzheimers
38. In Plain English?
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create a function that translates significant value changes into a sentence. what did it start/
end at?
Charts give instant recognition of history, how can this be in text?
Finance, science, math, poliditcs, and any other data source
http://download.finance.yahoo.com/d/quotes.csv?s=YHOO&f=sl1d1t1c1ohgv&e=.csv
use firebug to watch the data requests
39. Directions
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How can a blind user navigate the city when they cannot see the map/street names
40. Phone Wand
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Phone Wand: waving the phone to get hot/cold feedback to find the correct direction
Also being developed: read street signs, find nearby stores and friends.
Yahoo: bubbles for sharing local photos, info. Sketch a search navigation
Geo project to get local information, bus routes, and more for location.
41. Games
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Audio-based games:
Tap Beats
using stereo audio for role playing game
scrabble?
42. Deaf
Hacks
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43. Sound Detector
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detect sirens, alarms, and other audio signals
44. Twitter Deaf Twitter
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user creates short video, uploads to flickr/post to twitter. Interface also tracks replies,
retweets, etc.
plays video inline on phone/computer
this could also work for blind users: audio instead of video
45. Physical Challenges
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paralysis, cerebral palsy, muscular distrophy, stroke, age related, parkinsons
46. Site Scanner
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Site scanner was developed by the Yahoo! prototype team to address the difficulties of using a
scanning keyboard to navigate a web page.
allows navigation with a single button press
http://nexpace.com/sandbox/scanner/bookmarklet/
47. Communication
Communication Tools
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Pic to Speech is an assisted communication device for the android. It allows customization of
the icons and translations.
DDweb provides an online environment http://ddweb.developingmindssoftware.com/site/
Prologue2go is a popular ipad app
48. Support Social Network
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social networks for the individuals and their support network.
journal for daily activities, moods, health
communications amongst support network
49. If it ain’t broke...
Fix it anyway!
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Not all accessibility applications were built to solve an accessibility problem
color detector used by blind for imaging colors of environment
real time video chat used for sign language chat rooms
google goggles for determining money values
50. Some rights reserved by Oha-Lau 2 on Flickr
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Ask yourself what if:
you couldn’t see the difference between red, green, yellow
you couldn’t click on a link
there was no hover
you can’t remember the beginning of an article
you know what to say but can’t speak
51. You are the Champion!
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52. Visit the Yahoo
Accessibility Lab’s Blog
Accessibility.Yahoo.Com
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