50 ways to ruin your ttfb

1. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential1
50 ways to ruin
your TTFB
April, 2019
Tim Vereecke, Web Performance Architect

2. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential2
Redirect time
2019

3. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential3
Redirect time
April 4th

4. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential4
Redirect time
TTFB

5. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential5
First Paint
(FP)
First Contentful
Paint (FCP)
First Meaningful
Paint (FMP)
Time to
Interactive (TTI)
Time to Visually
ready (TVR)

6. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential6
DOM
CSSOM
What is important?

7. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential7
DOM
CSSOM
What is important?

8. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential8
DOM
CSSOM
What is important?

9. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential9
Performance tuning
Do it faster
Do less
Change order

10. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential10
Performance tuning
Do it faster
Do less
Change order
(get rid of noise)

11. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential11
How it works

12. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential12
How it works
dns

13. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential13
How it works
dns connect

14. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential14
How it works
dns connect ssl

15. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential15
How it works
dns connect ssl request

16. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential16
How it works
dns connect ssl request response

17. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential17
How it works
dns connect ssl request responsecache

18. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential18
How it works
dns connect ssl request responseredirect cache

19. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential19
How it works
dns connect ssl request responseredirect cache

20. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential20
How it works
dns connect ssl request responseredirect cache

21. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential21
How it works
dns connect ssl request responseredirect cache
A?
B?

22. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential22
How it works
dns connect ssl request responseredirect cache
A?
B
mPulse Backend Time

23. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential23
How it works
dns connect ssl request responseredirect cache
A?
B
mPulse Backend Time

24. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential24
How it works
dns connect ssl request responseredirect cache
A?
B
mPulse Backend Time

25. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential25
How it works
dns connect ssl request responseredirect cache
A?
B
mPulse Backend Time

26. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential26
How it works
dns connect ssl request responseredirect cache
A?
B
mPulse Backend Time

27. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential27
How it works
dns connect ssl request responseredirect cache
A?
B
mPulse Backend Time

28. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential28
How it works
dns connect ssl request responseredirect cache
A?
B
mPulse Backend Time

29. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential29
How it works
dns connect ssl request responseredirect cache
A?
B
mPulse Backend Time

30. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential30
Analysis best practices
dns connect ssl request responseredirect cache
A?
B
mPulse Backend Time

31. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential31
Analysis best practices
dns connect ssl request responseredirect cache
A?
B
mPulse Backend Time
Custom timer

32. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential32
Analysis best practices
dns connect ssl request responseredirect cache
A
B
mPulse Backend Time
Custom timer Cust. timer

33. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential33
Analysis best practices
dns connect ssl request responseredirect cache
A
B
mPulse Backend Time
Custom timer Cust. timer
dns connect ssl request responseredirect cache

34. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential34
Analysis best practices
dns connect ssl request responseredirect cache
A
B
mPulse Backend Time
Custom timer Cust. timer
dns connect ssl request responseredirect cache
dns connect ssl request responseredirect cache

35. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential35
Analysis best practices
dns connect ssl request responseredirect cache
A
B
mPulse Backend Time
Custom timer
dns connect ssl request responseredirect cache
dns connect ssl request responseredirect cache

36. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential36
Analysis best practices
dns connect ssl request responseredirect cache
A
B
mPulse Backend Time
Custom timer Cust. timer

37. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential37
Analysis best practices
dns connect ssl request responseredirect cache
A
B
mPulse Backend Time
Custom timer Cust. timer
Custom timer

38. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential38
Analysis best practices
dns connect ssl request responseredirect cache
A
B
mPulse Backend Time
redirect ttfb
base page

39. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential39
How it works
dns connect ssl request responseredirect cache

40. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential40
How it works
dns connect ssl request responseredirect cache

41. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential41
How it works
dns connect ssl request responseredirect cache

42. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential42
How it works
dns connect ssl request responseredirect cache

43. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential43

44. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential44

45. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential45
dataLayer.landingpage='Yes';
if(document.referrer.indexOf('www.scalemates.com')>-1){
dataLayer.landingpage='No';
}

46. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential46
Tuning best practices
dns connect ssl request responseredirect cache

47. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential47
Tuning best practices
dns connect ssl request responseredirect cache
Client-Edge
Edge-Origin

48. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential48
Tuning best practices
Redirects Client-Edge Edge-Origin
Avoid v
Consolidate v v
Execute them at the edge v
Cache them v v
HSTS Header v

49. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential49

50. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential50
DNS Client-Edge Edge-Origin
Increase DNS TTL v v
Consolidate DNS hostnames v v
DNS prefresh/async v
Tuning best practices

51. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential51
TCP Client-Edge Edge-Origin
Pconns (301s - or modify Akamai) v
Don’t hardcode IP v
Tuning best practices

52. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential52
SSL Handshake Client-Edge Edge-Origin
Use fast ciphers v v
OCSP Stapling v v
TLS 1.3 v v
Avoid large SAN’s v v
Tuning best practices

53. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential53
Dynamic Client-Edge Edge-Origin
SureRoute (TTL/Object size) v
Compression (Check Via header) v v
Response buffering v
WAF Outbound rules v
Prefetching needed? v
ESI v
Tuning best practices

54. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential54
Dynamic Client-Edge Edge-Origin
Config complexity v v
Tuning best practices

55. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential55
Caching Client-Edge Edge-Origin
Cache as much as you can v v
Tiered Distribution v
FastPurge for Long TTL’s v
Check Vary header v
Cache prefreshing v
Tuning best practices

56. Accelerating super dynamic content

57. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential57
Why do you cache?

58. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential58
Edge hits for 1 object
Time
Edge view

59. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential59
Edge hits for 1 object
Time
Edge view
TTL TTL

60. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential60
Edge hits for 1 object
Time
Edge view
TTL TTL

61. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential61
Edge hits for 1 object
ms
Time
Edge view
TTL TTL

62. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential62
Edge hits for 1 object
ms
Time
Edge view
TTL TTL
Performance
risk

63. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential63
Edge hits for 1 object
ms
Time
Edge view
TTL TTL
ms
Time
Origin view
Performance
risk
Scalability risk

64. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential64
Edge hits for 1 object
ms
Time
Edge view
TTL TTL
ms
Time
Origin view
Performance
risk
Scalability risk
Out of sync risk
Version X Version X+1

65. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential65
Trade offs?
ms
Time
Edge view
TTL TTL
ms
Time
Origin view
Performance
risk
Scalability risk
Out of sync risk
Version X Version X+1

66. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential66
Is there a magic bullet?
ms
Time
Edge view
TTL TTL
ms
Time
Origin view
Performance
risk
Scalability risk
Out of sync risk
Version X Version X+1

67. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential67
Prefreshing
ms
Time
Edge view
TTL TTL
ms
Time
Origin view
Version X Version X+1

68. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential68
Prefreshing
ms
Time
Edge view
TTL TTL
ms
Time
Origin view
Version X Version X+1

69. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential69
Prefreshing
ms
Time
Edge view
TTL TTL
ms
Time
Origin view
Version X Version X+1

70. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential70
Prefreshing
ms
Time
Edge view
TTL TTL
ms
Time
Origin view
Version X Version X+1

71. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential71
Prefreshing
ms
Time
Edge view
TTL
TTL
ms
Time
Origin view
Version X Version X+1

72. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential72
Prefreshing
ms
Time
Edge view
TTL
TTL
ms
Time
Origin view
Version X Version X+1

73. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential73
Prefreshing
ms
Time
Edge view
TTL
TTL
ms
Time
Origin view
Version X Version X+1

74. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential74
Impact
ms
Time
Edge view
TTL
TTL
ms
Time
Origin view
Version X Version X+1
Performance risk
reduced
Scalability risk
increased*
Out of sync risk reduced

75. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential75
Tradeoffs
ms
Time
Edge view
TTL
TTL
ms
Time
Origin view
Version X Version X+1
Performance
risk
Scalability risk
Out of sync risk

76. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential76

77. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential77
1 session = 1 or more pages

78. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential78

79. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential79
Session limitations

80. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential80
Option 1: Cache

81. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential81
Option 1: Cache

82. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential82
Option 2: 100% Dynamic

83. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential83
Option 2: 100% Dynamic
Performance

84. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential84
Option 3: XHR

85. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential85

86. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential86

87. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential87

88. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential88

89. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential89

90. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential90
Option 4: ESI

91. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential91

92. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential92

93. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential93

94. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential94
header(Edge-Control: dca="esi',false);
<esi:include src="/esi/sidebox-all.php” ttl=”240s"/>

95. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential95
Content
Header
Side
Box
PDP #1Homepage (1x)
Content
Footer
Header
Side
Box
Content
Footer
Header
Side
Box
PDP #2
Footer
Online Online Online

96. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential96
Content
Header
Side
Box
PDP #1Homepage (1x)
Content
Footer
Header
Side
Box
Content
Footer
Header
Side
Box
PDP #2
Footer
Online Online Online

97. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential97
Content
Header
Side
Box
PDP #1Homepage (1x)
Content
Footer
Header
Side
Box
Content
Footer
Header
Side
Box
PDP #2
Footer
Online Online Online
Generic 30
days
Generic
30 days
Generic
30 days

98. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential98
Content
Header
Side
Box
PDP #1Homepage (1x)
Content
Footer
Header
Side
Box
Content
Footer
Header
Side
Box
PDP #2
Footer
Online Online Online
Generic 30
days
Generic
30 days
Generic
30 days
PDP
30 days
PDP
30 days

99. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential99
Content
Header
Side
Box
PDP #1Homepage (1x)
Content
Footer
Header
Side
Box
Content
Footer
Header
Side
Box
PDP #2
Footer
Online Online Online
Generic 30
days
Generic
30 days
Generic
30 days
Home
30 days
PDP
30 days
PDP
30 days

100. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential100
Content
Header
Side
Box
PDP #1Homepage (1x)
Content
Footer
Header
Side
Box
Content
Footer
Header
Side
Box
PDP #2
Footer
Online Online Online
Generic 30
days
Generic
30 days
Generic
30 days
Home
30 days
PDP
30 days
PDP
30 days
Home
4 hours
Specific
dynamic
Specific
dynamic

101. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential101
Content
Header
Side
Box
PDP #1Homepage (1x)
Content
Footer
Header
Side
Box
Content
Footer
Header
Side
Box
PDP #2
Footer
Online Online Online
Generic 30
days
Generic
30 days
Generic
30 days
Home
30 days
PDP
30 days
PDP
30 days
Home
4 hours
Specific
dynamic
Specific
dynamic

102. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential102
Content
Header
Side
Box
PDP #1Homepage (1x)
Content
Footer
Header
Side
Box
Content
Footer
Header
Side
Box
PDP #2
Footer
2min 2min 2min
Generic 30
days
Generic
30 days
Generic
30 days
Home
30 days
PDP
30 days
PDP
30 days
Home
4 hours
Specific
dynamic
Specific
dynamic
ESI Use cases

103. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential103
Content
Header
Side
Box
PDP #1Homepage (1x)
Content
Footer
Header
Side
Box
Content
Footer
Header
Side
Box
PDP #2
Footer
2min 2min 2min
Generic 30
days
Generic
30 days
Generic
30 days
Home
30 days
PDP
30 days
PDP
30 days
Home
4 hours
Specific
dynamic
Specific
dynamic
ESI Use cases

104. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential104
Content
Header
Side
Box
PDP #1Homepage (1x)
Content
Footer
Header
Side
Box
Content
Footer
Header
Side
Box
PDP #2
Footer
4mins 4mins 4mins
Generic 30
days
Generic
30 days
Generic
30 days
Home
30 days
PDP
30 days
PDP
30 days
Home
4 hours
Specific
dynamic
Specific
dynamic
ESI Use cases
4mins 0s 0s
1) Increase TTL of cacheable pages by injecting lower TTL components
2) Increase cache efficiency by executing (component) logic at the Edge
3) Reduce weight of dynamic requests by injecting high TTL components
Increased (perceived) performance and consistency

105. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential105
Content
Header
Side
Box
PDP #1Homepage (1x)
Content
Footer
Header
Side
Box
Content
Footer
Header
Side
Box
PDP #2
Footer
4mins 4mins 4mins
Generic 30
days
Generic
30 days
Generic
30 days
Home
30 days
PDP
30 days
PDP
30 days
Home
4 hours
Specific
dynamic
Specific
dynamic
Results
4mins 0s 0s
Increased offload

106. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential106

107. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential107

108. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential108
Content
Header
Side
Box
PDP #1Homepage (1x)
Content
Footer
Header
Side
Box
Content
Footer
Header
Side
Box
PDP #2
Footer
4mins 4mins 4mins
Generic 30
days
Generic
30 days
Generic
30 days
Home
30 days
PDP
30 days
PDP
30 days
Home
4 hours
Specific
dynamic
Specific
dynamic
Results
4mins 0s 0s
Increased (perceived) performance and consistency

109. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential109
Content
Header
Side
Box
PDP #1Homepage (1x)
Content
Footer
Header
Side
Box
Content
Footer
Header
Side
Box
PDP #2
Footer
4mins 4mins 4mins
Generic 30
days
Generic
30 days
Generic
30 days
Home
30 days
PDP
30 days
PDP
30 days
Home
4 hours
Specific
dynamic
Specific
dynamic
Results
4mins 0s 0s
Increased (perceived) performance and consistency

110. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential110
Content
Header
Side
Box
PDP #1Homepage (1x)
Content
Footer
Header
Side
Box
Content
Footer
Header
Side
Box
PDP #2
Footer
4mins 4mins 4mins
Generic 30
days
Generic
30 days
Generic
30 days
Home
30 days
PDP
30 days
PDP
30 days
Home
4 hours
Specific
dynamic
Specific
dynamic
Results
4mins 0s 0s

111. | 50 ways to ruin your TTFB | © 2019 Akamai | Confidential111
Redirect time
Thank you
@TimVereecke