2. Camera obscura
The camera obscura (Latin; camera for "vaulted
chamber/room", obscura for "dark", together
"darkened chamber/room"; plural: camera obscuras
or camerae obscurae) is an optical device that
projects an image of its surroundings on a screen. It
is used in drawing and for entertainment, and was
one of the inventions that led to photography and
the camera. The device consists of a box or room
with a hole in one side. Light from an external scene
passes through the hole and strikes a surface inside
where it is reproduced, upside-down, but with colour
and perspective preserved. The image can be
projected onto paper, and can then be traced to
produce a highly accurate representation.
3. First permanent photo
This most famous reproduction of the First Photograph was
based upon the March 1952 print, produced at Helmut
Gernsheim's request by the Research Laboratory of the Eastman
Kodak Company in Harrow. The pointillistic effect is due to the
reproduction process and is not present in the original
heliograph. Gernsheim himself spent eleven hours on March 20,
1952, touching up with watercolors one of the prints of the
Kodak reproduction. His attempt was meant to bring the
heliograph as close as possible to a positive representation of
how he felt Niépce intended the original should appear. It is this
version of the image which would become the accepted
reproduction of the image for the next fifty years.
The view, made from an upper, rear window of the Niépce family
home in Burgundy, in the village of Saint-Loup-de-Varennes near
Chalon-sur-Saône. Representationally the subject matter
includes [from left to right]: the upper loft (or, so-called "pigeon-
house") of the family home; a pear tree with a patch of sky
showing through an opening in the branches; the slanting roof of
the barn, with the long roof and low chimney of the bake house
behind it; and, on the right, another wing of the family house.
Details in the original image are very faint, due not to fading—
the heliographic process is a relatively permanent one—but
rather to Niepce's underexposure of the original plate.
4. Daguerreotype
The daguerreotype /dəˈ ɡɛrətaɪp/ (French: daguerréotype)
was the first commercially successful photographic process.
The image is a direct positive made in the camera on a
silvered copper plate. The raw material for plates was called
Sheffield plate, plating by fusion or cold-rolled cladding and
was a standard hardware item produced by heating and
rolling silver foil in contact with a copper support.[2] The
surface of a daguerreotype is like a mirror, with the image
made directly on the silvered surface; it is very fragile and can
be rubbed off with a finger, and the finished plate has to be
angled so as to reflect some dark surface in order to view the
image properly. Depending on the angle viewed, and the color
of the surface reflected into it, the image can change from a
positive to a negative.
5. Cyanotype
Cyanotype is a photographic printing
process that gives a cyan-blue print. The
process was popular in engineering
circles well into the 20th century. The
simple and low-cost process enabled
them to produce large-scale copies of
their work, referred to as blueprints. Two
chemicals are used in the process:
• Ammonium iron(III) citrate
• Potassium ferricyanide. John hurshal
made it
6. William Henry Fox Talbot
William Henry Fox Talbot (11
February 1800 – 17 September
1877) was a British inventor and
photography pioneer who
invented the calotype process.
He Invented the first reprint able
photograph (Negative) he took
this picture out of his bedroom
window in laycock abby.
