1. CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
According to Crosby (1979) “quality is conformance to requirement and
those requirement must be defined in measurable and clearly stated terms.”
Quality is one of the goals or objectives organization seek to achieve. But
often times this gal is not achieved due to some problems in the firms. The
quality of any firms products or services, determines its position in the
market.
Its success to a larger extent depends. This is quality of goods or services it
produces and sells to consumers. “this is because consumers desire to get
the best value for their money. The quality of product or service can only
be defined by the customers.” (Deming, 1986.) This means that for a firm
to be satisfied with the quality of its goods or services, it customers must
first be satisfied with it.
Quality is a complex concept that has become one of the most appealing in
al of management theory. This is to say that every business today wants to

2. produce quality products or services that are acceptable to consumers,
which are also affordable.
Quality control is a functional management discipline, which is
responsible for defining quality purpose. The prerequisite for effective
quality control are freedom from deficiency and minimum or reduced
cost. Non – conformance is therefore not acceptable in reducing running
costs. Some of these costs include, waste,re-work, replacement and
inspection costs.
All these are manufacturing problems that should not only be detected and
corrected at the earliest time but prevented if possible.
Quality control ,can therefore be achieve by establishing a standard for
effective and efficient quality in the following areas:.
1. In the factory building, machinery and equipment design and
installation, manufacturing system and process as well as product
identification system.
2. In product design.
3. In the market by way of intensive consumers response program which
gives the needed feedback.

3. In addition to the established standards tolerance limits are set for every
important quality. These tolerance limits are limits of variations beyond
which the variations will not be accepted. The firms must determine what
quality’s are needed by their customers and must try as much as possible
to satisfy these needs.
Meeting these quality needs of consumers, should be a collective
responsibility of everybody in an organization. The market research
division will find out what these needs are, products development division
will create a design to equate with the needs. Planning division will devise
a process for executing the product desire and the production units will
regulate the process to achieve the desired product quality.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS.
THE Nigerian business environment dynamic with ever changing work
processes, practices and employees configuration. As a result of these changes,
firms that are resistant to change or that cannot respond quickly and adequately
to change are prone to having problems which will in the long-run affect their
productivity level and profit margins adversely.

4. Although, the success of every manufacturing firm to a larger extent depends
on the degree of its reputation for supplying quality products to consumers, yet
the realization of quality standards has been a problems to many manufacturing
firms to be successful, they must place great emphasis on the establishment and
maintance of quality control policies of their firms. The personal responsible
for effective quality control functions must be conversant with required
activities in all quality control systems. It is required that quality procedures for
each section be strictly followed in order to achieve good quality.
However, it is a common knowledge that the Nigerian market is being flooded
with many sub-standard products. What immediately comes to the mind is the
existence of problems in the quality control system or process of
manufacturing firms. These problems have constituted hindrance to many
firms towards the achievement of their goals and objectives like good corporate
image and profit maximization.
In the looking into these problems, which this study seeks to find out, two
important questions come to mind. What factors are responsible for these

5. problems? What actions) must be taken in order to reduce or eliminate these
problems and their effects on the firms?
In this study, we will be looking into the problems and prospect of quality
control in manufacturing firms using Nigeria breweries plc Enugu as a case
study.
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
THIS STUDY AIMS AT THE FOLLOWING:.
1. TO determine, identify, essence of quality control in the reader.
2. To find out the importance of quality control.
3. To find out the problems facing quality control their cause and possible
solutions.
4. To identify the different techniques of quality control.
5. To determine the application and problems
SIGNIFICANCE
This study is significant because it will or reveals the problems of quality
control and how to solve or manage the problems.

6. THE BENEFICIARIES OF THE STUDY INCLUDE:.
1. Students of marketing, production management, management and other
related fields of study.
2. practicing managers at all levels of management especially quality
control managers.
3. Owners of business (manufacturing) firms.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
To accomplish the purpose of this study, the following research questions
will be examined.
1. What does the firm intend to achieve through quality control.?
2. How are quality standards established in Nigerian breweries, plc Enugu?
3. What are the different techniques of quality control using in the firm?
4. Is the current practice sufficient to ensure high quality products.?
5. What are the problems the firm encounters in the practice of quality
control?
6. What is the out come of not using quality control?

7. 1.5 SCOPE OD THE STUDY
This study is focused on the problems and prospects of quality control in
manufacturing firms. Due to certain limitations, the study will be narrowed
down to Nigerian plc Enugu.
1.6 LIMITATIONS
This study is limited by time constraint and inadequate finance.
However, efforts will be made to ensure that objective data are gathered for
study.
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
The following terms are defined in relation to the above topic
1 management
2 quality
3 control
4 planning

8. 1 management; is the process of during things using the effort of
others to achieve an objective.
2 Quality; means those features of products or services which meet
customers need and thereby provide customer satisfaction.
Quality in this sense is oriented to income .the purpose of such
higher quality is to provide greater customer satisfaction and to
increase income.
3 Control; this is the act of checking current performance, over the
determined targets contains in the plans with the view to ensuring
adequate process and satisfactory performance whether physical
or financial.
4 Planning; this is the act of determining out the operations
,preparing the appropriate methods of effective action and
determining the targets or expected performance cost and output
(profitability).
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