4. CLASSIFICATION
Fractures of the body of the zygomatic complex involving the orbit
1. Minimal or no displacement
2. Inward and downward displacement
3. Inward and posterior displacement
4. Outward displacement
5. Comminution of the complex as whole
Fractures of the body of the zygomatic complex not involving the orbit
1.Minimal or no displacement
2. V-type in fracture
3. Comminuted
5.
6.
7. Signs and Symptoms
1. Flattening of cheek
2. Swelling of cheek
3. Periorbital haematoma
9. 4. Subconjunctival haemorrhage
5. Ecchymosis and tenderness intra-orally
zygomatic buttress.
6. Limitation of ocular movement.
10. 7. Diplopia:
Causes
1.Physical Interfences
Intramuscular edema
detachement of IR, IO
herniation of periorbital fat
fibrous adhesions & fat atrophy in post-traumatic healing
2.Functional interferences
displacement of globe due to disturbance of IR, IO
enophthalmous & globe ptosis.
3.Neurological cause
paralysis due to mneuromuscular injury or edema
supranuclear impairment of 3,4,6th C.N.
superior orbital fissure damage
11.
12. 8.Enophthalmous:
Causes:
loss / decrease of vol. Of orbital content
increase in vol. Of bony orbit
loss of ligament support
post traumatic fibrosis, scar contraction, fat atrophy.
9.Lowering of pupil level
10.Epistaxis
11.Tenderness over orbital rim & FZS
12.Step deformity of infra orbital rim
13.Seperation at FZS
14.Limitation of mandibular movement
15.Anaesthesia of cheek, temple, upper teeth & gingiva
16.Possible gagging of back teeth on injured side
