Vessel efficiency competition dstl presentation glasgow1. Vessel Efficiency Competition
Military vessel efficiency
Royal Navy/ Royal Fleet Auxiliary Perspective
Philip Smith /Chris Broadbent / Andrew Tate
Defence Science & Technology Laboratory [dstl] - MOD
November / December 2012
2. Why are we involved in this call?
• 2.4% of UK Defence spending is on energy
& fuel (2010)
– £628M - Equipment energy (Move)
– £318M - Utility Energy (Fixed)
• If ‘business as usual’ maintained - worst
case projection for proportion of the budget
spent on fuel increases to:
– 2015: 3.9%
– 2020: 7.0%
• Hence; RN/RFA target to reduce fossil fuel use by 18% by 2020
At what point does this impact on the delivery of military objectives?
© Crown Copyright 2012 Dstl
6 December, 2012
UK UNCLASSIFIED
DSTL/CP64839
Published with the permission of the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory on behalf of the Controller of HMSO
3. Drivers for MOD to use less energy
• Cost – increase of 1p per litre of fuel
adds ~£13M to equipment energy bill
• Delivery to front line user – The
cost of fuel at point of use must
include transport costs, supply fleet,
personnel and protection
• Operational effectiveness –
decreasing fuel use impacts on
ability to deliver expeditionary
capability – reduce logistics ‘tail’
[deeper, further, quicker]
© Crown Copyright 2012 Dstl
6 December, 2012
UK UNCLASSIFIED
DSTL/CP64839
Published with the permission of the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory on behalf of the Controller of HMSO
4. Key RN/RFA efficiency issues
Maintain military capability despite sustainability pressures:
• Potential impacts to energy availability & operational access
• External pressures include:
– Open market fuel price
– HMG emission reduction commitments
– HMG’s desire to meet ever expanding
environmental regulations (e.g. IMO tier III)
– Maintaining interoperability (e.g. with US
Navy bio-fuels)
© Crown Copyright 2012 Dstl
6 December, 2012
UK UNCLASSIFIED
DSTL/CP64839
Published with the permission of the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory on behalf of the Controller of HMSO
5. Key RN/RFA efficiency issues
Efficiency improvements critical:
• RN targeted to reduce fossil fuel use by
18% by 2020
• RN/RFA specific challenges include:
– Introduction of larger platforms
– Extended use of energy intensive systems
– New operational areas – Arctic?
– Negative impact of some regulatory
compliance technologies on efficiency
MOD must be able to maintain operations against the backdrop of
external economic & geopolitical pressures
© Crown Copyright 2012 Dstl
6 December, 2012
UK UNCLASSIFIED
DSTL/CP64839
Published with the permission of the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory on behalf of the Controller of HMSO
6. Key RN/RFA exploitation issues
Fleet composition already ‘set’ out to ~ 2050:
• Classes in design & coming into service – Limited opportunity to exploit
whole ship solutions in near to mid term
• Looking for solutions capable of being integrated & exploited in current
& near future platforms – retrofits; bolt-on; etc
• Larger ships offer biggest gains – but benefits in UXV’s, boats & subs
Type 23 Type 45 Queen Elizabeth Class MHPC
Future subs
Type 26 & UXVs/Small boats
MARS
Designs fixed More flexibility
© Crown Copyright 2012 Dstl
6 December, 2012
UK UNCLASSIFIED
DSTL/CP64839
Published with the permission of the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory on behalf of the Controller of HMSO
7. RN/RFA efficiency challenges
Areas of focus
• Efficiency gains should result in no impact to military capability
• Thermal management
– More complex ships and modern weapons/sensors driving up ‘wild heat’
– Reducing heat losses; transferring heat more efficiently & utilising waste heat
– Thermal losses also impact areas such as signatures, crew effectiveness etc
• Minimising impact of emissions (& other) regulations
– I.e. negating the negative impacts on weight, volume & efficiency of devices
such as Selective Catalytic Reduction
• Management & control of on-board energy use
– Control software, sensors, advanced navigation & route planning tools etc.
– Tools & Advice – i.e. helping the crews to lower energy use
• Weight saving
• Drag reduction (‘Add-on’ hydrodynamics devices etc)
© Crown Copyright 2012 Dstl
6 December, 2012
UK UNCLASSIFIED
DSTL/CP64839
Published with the permission of the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory on behalf of the Controller of HMSO
8. MOD energy efficiency initiatives
Funding in maritime energy efficiency split & constrained:
• Fundamental research; Low TRL; conceptual; studies
– Centre for Defence Enterprise (CDE)
– MOD (DSTL) Maritime Resilience programme
A gap in transitioning technology from concept to exploitation?
This call is, therefore, a significant element of MOD funding in the area of
energy efficiency
• High TRL; adaption of COTs; Full-scale demo; exploitation
– DE&S - Marine systems development in PTG
– DE&S - Ship projects e.g. T-26 IMO Tier III compliance & sustainable build;
MARS energy efficiency assessment
• Green Ship Capability Planning Working Group (CPWG) – ‘glue’
between areas & industry
© Crown Copyright 2012 Dstl
6 December, 2012
UK UNCLASSIFIED
DSTL/CP64839
Published with the permission of the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory on behalf of the Controller of HMSO
9. RN/RFA is a military force
The vessels are built of derivatives from civil /
marine equipment - 99% of their time they will
operate like a civilian ship.
However; when needed they are expected to
operate in a hostile military environment, and
their crews lives depend on their survivability.
10. Key Messages
• RN/RFA is a military force - Improved vessel efficiency enables the
RN/RFA to maintain capabilities despite energy/cost challenges
• Key points - military energy efficiency improvements
– Targets 18% reduction in fossil fuels by 2020
– Costs 1p per Litre = £13M in MOD costs
– Exploitation Ideas must be exploitable in current platforms
– Interest Transitioning technologies, not studies
© Crown Copyright 2012 Dstl
6 December, 2012
UK UNCLASSIFIED
DSTL/CP64839
Published with the permission of the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory on behalf of the Controller of HMSO
11. Vessel Efficiency Competition
Military vessel efficiency
Royal Navy/ Royal Fleet Auxiliary Perspective
Thank you for your attention – We welcome
any further questions?
https://connect.innovate.org/web/vessel-efficiency
Editor's Notes It’s the money – every penny on the price of fuel increases our fuel bill by £13M per annum The more fuel we need, the harder it is to do expeditionary warfare. All of the fuel has to be transported to where we want it. The bigger our logistic chain, the less agile we are. It increases cost. And it places soldiers at risk. The bottom picture shows how we get fuel to the front line at the moment – Combat Logistics Patrol tankers which are often driven through hostile environments – True cost of fuel to the frigate is therefore much higher as it includes the tanker’s procurement and operating costs The top picture illustrates that this argument is equally valid in the land domain – tankers in Afghanistan