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Wide Aperture 	Small f # 	“Open” 	Shallow depth of field 	Faster shutter speed Narrow or small Aperture 	Large f # 	“Stopped down” 	“Closed down” 	Greater depth of field 	Slower shutter speed
Modern Camera Lenses are actually comprised of “groups” of individual lenses, or “elements.”  These elements work together to form a compound lens, with its own traits and characteristics.
Characteristics  & qualities of lenses Focal Length Speed Angle of View Macro Auto-Focus Image Stabilized Undesirable traits of a lens  Distortion Aberration Chromatic Aberration Vignette (drop off) Flare
Simple Converging (Convex) Lens
Focal Length Lens Axis F (Focal Point) F (Focal Point)
All light that enters a lens parallel to the lens axis (collimated) is refracted at such an angle that it passes through the focal point.
Light that enters the lens after passing through the focal point, leaves the lens parallel to the lens axis.
Light that enters the lens parallel to the axis leaves the lens at angle that sends it through the focal point behind the lens.
Light that enters the lens and passes through the exact center of the lens is (relatively) undisturbed in it’s trajectory.
Object at or inside focal point of lens, no image can be formed.
Simple Diverging (Concave) Lens
Forms a Virtual Image, as opposed to a Real Image.
When an image is formed, it is a round image, the periphery of which is called the 		Image Circle. The film , or sensor, must fit entirely inside this circle, or vignetting and image fall-off will occur.
Scene
Scene Film
Film
Film Print
Scene Film Print
Color Negative film works in a similar fashion, but with 3 separate sensitive layers: Red sensitive layer forms Cyan dye according to quantity of 				Red light. Green sensitive layer forms Magenta dye according to 				quantity of Green light. Blue sensitive layer forms Yellow dye according to quantity of 				Yellow light. Photography dwells in the world of ADDITIVE COLOR, wherein the 	primary colors are Red, Green, and Blue.  This as opposed to 	SUBTRACTIVE COLOR, wherein the primary colors are Red, 	Yellow, and Blue. Color Transparency film forms a negative image as with B&W, but 	it also has a secondary development step in processing 	during which a POSITIVE dye image is formed in response to 	the negative image created through exposure and first 	development.

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090831 Vc Upp 2

  • 1.
  • 2. Wide Aperture Small f # “Open” Shallow depth of field Faster shutter speed Narrow or small Aperture Large f # “Stopped down” “Closed down” Greater depth of field Slower shutter speed
  • 3. Modern Camera Lenses are actually comprised of “groups” of individual lenses, or “elements.” These elements work together to form a compound lens, with its own traits and characteristics.
  • 4. Characteristics & qualities of lenses Focal Length Speed Angle of View Macro Auto-Focus Image Stabilized Undesirable traits of a lens Distortion Aberration Chromatic Aberration Vignette (drop off) Flare
  • 6. Focal Length Lens Axis F (Focal Point) F (Focal Point)
  • 7. All light that enters a lens parallel to the lens axis (collimated) is refracted at such an angle that it passes through the focal point.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11. Light that enters the lens after passing through the focal point, leaves the lens parallel to the lens axis.
  • 12. Light that enters the lens parallel to the axis leaves the lens at angle that sends it through the focal point behind the lens.
  • 13. Light that enters the lens and passes through the exact center of the lens is (relatively) undisturbed in it’s trajectory.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17. Object at or inside focal point of lens, no image can be formed.
  • 19. Forms a Virtual Image, as opposed to a Real Image.
  • 20. When an image is formed, it is a round image, the periphery of which is called the Image Circle. The film , or sensor, must fit entirely inside this circle, or vignetting and image fall-off will occur.
  • 21.
  • 22. Scene
  • 24. Film
  • 27. Color Negative film works in a similar fashion, but with 3 separate sensitive layers: Red sensitive layer forms Cyan dye according to quantity of Red light. Green sensitive layer forms Magenta dye according to quantity of Green light. Blue sensitive layer forms Yellow dye according to quantity of Yellow light. Photography dwells in the world of ADDITIVE COLOR, wherein the primary colors are Red, Green, and Blue. This as opposed to SUBTRACTIVE COLOR, wherein the primary colors are Red, Yellow, and Blue. Color Transparency film forms a negative image as with B&W, but it also has a secondary development step in processing during which a POSITIVE dye image is formed in response to the negative image created through exposure and first development.