The document is a collection of photos from various protests around the world showing intimate moments between protesters and police/military forces. These moments include protesters kissing, embracing, proposing marriage to, and offering flowers to police officers during occupations and demonstrations against government policies and austerity measures. The photos portray humanizing interactions that occurred during sometimes tense or violent protests.
Protests in Ukraine escalated in January 2014, with as many as 100,000 people demonstrating in Kiev against strict new laws curbing protests. On January 19th, protesters clashed violently with riot police, attacking them with sticks and petrol bombs. Police responded with tear gas and smoke bombs, and hundreds of protesters were injured as they sought to storm police barricades near parliament. The violent clashes highlighted a deepening political crisis and rift between opposition leaders in Ukraine.
January 1: Couples kiss in Times Square to ring in the new year. January-December: Pictures from around the world show major news events of 2014, including volcanic eruptions, conflicts in South Sudan and Ukraine, the Ebola outbreak, and selfies at the Oscars. December 31: The year ends as couples kiss in Times Square to ring in the new year.
1) The document is a PowerPoint presentation that provides images and captions summarizing major news events that occurred throughout 2016. 2) Events covered include New Year's celebrations in Brazil, the Zika virus outbreak, protests at a wildlife refuge in Oregon, campaign rallies for US presidential candidates, the migrant crisis in Europe, deaths of celebrities like David Bowie, the US presidential primaries and election, terror attacks in Brussels, the conflict in Ukraine, the Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, the EU referendum in the UK, the Stanley Cup finals, the coup attempt in Turkey, the US presidential conventions, police shootings and protests in the US, the UEFA Euro 2016 soccer tournament in France, the US presidential election and aftermath,
Reuters: Pictures of the Year 2016 (Part 2)maditabalnco
This document contains 20 photos from news events around the world between January and November 2016. The photos show international events like the US presidential election, the conflict in Ukraine, the migrant crisis in Europe, the Rio Olympics, and more. They also depict human interest stories and natural phenomena from various countries.
The document is a collection of photos from around the world showing how ubiquitous smartphones have become. In the photos, people are using their phones to take selfies, check social media, communicate with others, document important events, and more. Smartphones have permeated all aspects of modern life and are nearly always in people's hands whether to take pictures, stay connected, or simply pass the time.
This document contains a collection of selfies taken by various people around the world throughout 2015 and early 2016. The selfies showcase people celebrating holidays and events, taking pictures with celebrities, visiting tourist attractions, and more. Locations where the selfies were taken include Egypt, New York, Berlin, Hollywood, India, Los Angeles, England, Brazil, South Korea, Ukraine, China, Mexico, and the Vatican.
This document is a collection of selfies taken throughout 2016. Some key selfies included Ellen DeGeneres taking a selfie with Michelle Obama and Bradley Cooper at the Oscars, celebrities like Leonardo DiCaprio, Tom Hardy, and Justin Timberlake taking selfies on the red carpet, athletes like Serena Williams and Usain Bolt posing for pictures with fans, and politicians like Hillary Clinton, Donald Trump, and Pope Francis interacting with supporters in selfies. The selfies showcase people from around the world capturing moments on their phones throughout the past year.
The Selfie Phenomenon Around the Globemaditabalnco
1. People around the world are taking selfies in a variety of contexts and settings, from tourist attractions to political events to fashion shows.
2. Selfies have become a popular way for people to document and share their experiences on social media.
3. The photos show selfies being taken by individuals as well as groups at many different types of events and locations.
Protests in Ukraine escalated in January 2014, with as many as 100,000 people demonstrating in Kiev against strict new laws curbing protests. On January 19th, protesters clashed violently with riot police, attacking them with sticks and petrol bombs. Police responded with tear gas and smoke bombs, and hundreds of protesters were injured as they sought to storm police barricades near parliament. The violent clashes highlighted a deepening political crisis and rift between opposition leaders in Ukraine.
January 1: Couples kiss in Times Square to ring in the new year. January-December: Pictures from around the world show major news events of 2014, including volcanic eruptions, conflicts in South Sudan and Ukraine, the Ebola outbreak, and selfies at the Oscars. December 31: The year ends as couples kiss in Times Square to ring in the new year.
1) The document is a PowerPoint presentation that provides images and captions summarizing major news events that occurred throughout 2016. 2) Events covered include New Year's celebrations in Brazil, the Zika virus outbreak, protests at a wildlife refuge in Oregon, campaign rallies for US presidential candidates, the migrant crisis in Europe, deaths of celebrities like David Bowie, the US presidential primaries and election, terror attacks in Brussels, the conflict in Ukraine, the Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, the EU referendum in the UK, the Stanley Cup finals, the coup attempt in Turkey, the US presidential conventions, police shootings and protests in the US, the UEFA Euro 2016 soccer tournament in France, the US presidential election and aftermath,
Reuters: Pictures of the Year 2016 (Part 2)maditabalnco
This document contains 20 photos from news events around the world between January and November 2016. The photos show international events like the US presidential election, the conflict in Ukraine, the migrant crisis in Europe, the Rio Olympics, and more. They also depict human interest stories and natural phenomena from various countries.
The document is a collection of photos from around the world showing how ubiquitous smartphones have become. In the photos, people are using their phones to take selfies, check social media, communicate with others, document important events, and more. Smartphones have permeated all aspects of modern life and are nearly always in people's hands whether to take pictures, stay connected, or simply pass the time.
This document contains a collection of selfies taken by various people around the world throughout 2015 and early 2016. The selfies showcase people celebrating holidays and events, taking pictures with celebrities, visiting tourist attractions, and more. Locations where the selfies were taken include Egypt, New York, Berlin, Hollywood, India, Los Angeles, England, Brazil, South Korea, Ukraine, China, Mexico, and the Vatican.
This document is a collection of selfies taken throughout 2016. Some key selfies included Ellen DeGeneres taking a selfie with Michelle Obama and Bradley Cooper at the Oscars, celebrities like Leonardo DiCaprio, Tom Hardy, and Justin Timberlake taking selfies on the red carpet, athletes like Serena Williams and Usain Bolt posing for pictures with fans, and politicians like Hillary Clinton, Donald Trump, and Pope Francis interacting with supporters in selfies. The selfies showcase people from around the world capturing moments on their phones throughout the past year.
The Selfie Phenomenon Around the Globemaditabalnco
1. People around the world are taking selfies in a variety of contexts and settings, from tourist attractions to political events to fashion shows.
2. Selfies have become a popular way for people to document and share their experiences on social media.
3. The photos show selfies being taken by individuals as well as groups at many different types of events and locations.
The document summarizes the devastating flooding that occurred in Pakistan in July 2010. Over 18 million people were directly affected as flood waters covered one-fifth of the country, more than areas hit by recent natural disasters combined. Six months later, large parts of southern Pakistan remained flooded and underwater, destroying homes and farmland and disrupting lives and livelihoods. International aid organizations like CAFOD worked to provide emergency food, shelter, and support to over 120,000 affected people as they worked to rebuild their lives and communities in the aftermath of the catastrophic flooding.
Una mendiga aceptó pasar 100 días en el balcón del palacio del rey sin comer ni beber para demostrar su amor y convertirse en su esposa si lo lograba. Soportó 99 días y 23 horas las inclemencias del tiempo mientras el rey solo la alentaba desde la comodidad de su habitación. A falta de 1 hora para completar los 100 días, la mujer se retiró porque comprendió que el rey era egoísta y desconsiderado, y que no merecía su amor.
O documento contém várias histórias curtas envolvendo loiras. Em três frases:
1) Uma loira faz um questionário para a prova da OAB com perguntas sem sentido sobre assuntos como capital do estado civil e assassinato de patrão.
2) Outras histórias curtas mostram loiras confundindo diagnósticos médicos e se metendo em situações inusitadas por falta de entendimento.
3) Há também piadas com estereótipos sobre loiras não entenderem situações óbvias ou dizerem coisas sem nexo.
Yes, I’ll stay in bed with you all weekend facevicio
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
This document provides a collection of hopeful images from 2015 that show humanity at its best. These include images of children playing, families reunited, acts of kindness between strangers, celebrations of life and love, and people and animals overcoming adversity. The photos portray themes of compassion, resilience, and joy.
Work. That's about all some of us know how to do. But we know it isn't enough. Download the entire manuscript, study notes, and handout at biblestudydownloads.com (OT sermons link). You may also listen to the audio of this message at http://cicfamily.com/sermon-listing/?tag=Ecclesiastes
Briefing Paper on the Human Rights Situation in Burma/Myanmar 1 March 2016 6:...MYO AUNG Myanmar
https://www.forum-asia.org/uploads/wp/2016/03/HRC31_Burma_Myanmar-Briefing_Paper.pdf
Asian Forum for Human Rights and Development (FORUM-ASIA)
FORUM-ASIA is a Bangkok-based regional human rights group with 58 member organisations in 19
countries across Asia. FORUM-ASIA addresses key areas of human rights violations in the region,
including freedoms of expressions, assembly and association, human rights defenders, and
democratisation.
Contact:
Website: www.forum-asia.org
Media inquiries: icp@forum-asia.org
International Office (Geneva, Switzerland): una@forum-asia.org
The year 2015 will be remembered as a momentous year for Burma/Myanmar as the National League for Democracy (NLD), led by Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, clinched an emphatic victory in the 8 November polls. However, the main challenges that impede a full and genuine democratic transition remain.
This briefing paper published by FORUM-ASIA and Burma Partnership provides an update on the current situation of human rights in Burma/Myanmar for the consideration of member and observer states of the UN Human Rights Council. It presents critical recommendations that will need to be implemented if the country is to look forward to a new and progressive era of democracy.
Mission san juan capistrano lesson plan geographycgchaveza
The fourth grade students will take a field trip to Mission San Juan Capistrano to learn more about the Spanish missions in California. During the field trip, students will split into groups and complete a scavenger hunt around the mission, describing important sites and taking pictures. Afterward, students will write a one page paper about what they saw and learned. Back in the classroom, each student will write a paragraph summarizing the pictures taken at the mission and relating them to California history facts. The students' work will be compiled into a class book summarizing their experiences at the mission field trip.
Conflict resolution is an important part of communication in criminal justice fields like hostage negotiations, community policing, parole officers, and correctional facilities. If conflicts are not successfully resolved in these areas, it can result in lives lost, property damage, loss of public trust in law enforcement, escalating community problems, parolee violations returning to prison, and death or injury in correctional facilities. Conflict resolution techniques used include building rapport, diffusing emotions, allowing all parties to maintain dignity, developing community partnerships, mediation, negotiation, and training guards in defusing conflicts.
What relationship does money have to happiness? Download the entire manuscript, study notes, and handout at biblestudydownloads.com (OT sermons link). You may also listen to the audio of this message at http://cicfamily.com/sermon-listing/?tag=Ecclesiastes
This document summarizes Ecclesiastes 7:15-29 from a sermon by Dr. Rick Griffith. It contains 3 main points:
1. Wisdom is balanced, avoiding extremes of righteousness and sinfulness.
2. Wisdom is strong, avoiding weakness from being blind to one's own faults.
3. Wisdom is insightful, avoiding thinking one has all the answers but still showing insight. It notes wisdom is difficult to attain and that while people were created to be virtuous, they tend toward wickedness.
This document contains a collection of 20 photographs depicting clashes between protesters and police from various countries and time periods. The photos show protesters confronting or throwing objects at police, police using force such as tear gas or pepper spray against protesters, and in some cases protesters engaging in acts of resistance or protest such as placing flowers in police weapons. The collection aims to illustrate the tensions that can arise between those demonstrating and the police forces deployed to control demonstrations.
This document provides information about various global protest movements in 2014. It discusses protests in Hong Kong where tens of thousands demonstrated against China's restrictions on democracy. It also summarizes unrest in Romania over poverty and unemployment, protests in Turkey over development plans and restrictions on freedom of expression, Israel's social justice movement against rising costs of living, and Bolivian protests against a highway being built through indigenous lands.
37 role of social media in political and regime change the college studyMary Smith
It is an educational blog and intended to serve as complete and self-contained work on essays, paragraph, speeches, articles, letters, stories, quotes.
https://www.thecollegestudy.net/
The document provides instructions for enjoying an audio or video file on a computer. It instructs the user to not use the mouse wheel and to only use the left mouse button. It also advises adjusting the volume level to the middle. The instructions are provided in both Arabic and English text.
The document discusses how new media like the internet and social media have enabled mass self-communication and the organization of political protests. It provides examples like Twitter being used to spread information about protests in Iran in 2009 when the government controlled traditional media. Similar uses of new media helped spark and coordinate the Arab Spring uprisings in 2010-2011 in countries like Tunisia and Egypt. The document also discusses how new media facilitated other protest movements like Occupy Wall Street and Los Indignados in spreading globally.
The Black Lives Matter movement began in 2013 after George Zimmerman's acquittal for killing Trayvon Martin. It campaigns against violence and systemic racism towards people of color. The movement spread on social media under the hashtag #BlackLivesMatter and brought awareness to police brutality through protests and social media. It has addressed issues beyond police brutality like minimum wage, gun regulation, and has hurt trust and image of the US judicial system.
Emilio Morenatti is a Spanish photographer based in Barcelona who has worked exclusively for the Associated Press since 2004. He has extensive experience covering war zones and conflicts, having worked in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Israel, the Palestinian Territories, and other regions. Morenatti is a multiple award-winning photographer who is recognized for his coverage of the Egyptian revolution, Ukrainian protests, and other major news stories in recent years.
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lab8/2.jpg
lab8/3.jpg
lab8/4.jpg
lab8/5.jpg
lab8/6.jpg
lab8/7.jpg
Kavanaugh et al. Between a Rock and a Cell Phone
Proceedings of the 9th International ISCRAM Conference – Vancouver, Canada, April 2012
L. Rothkrantz, J. Ristvej and Z. Franco, eds.
1
Between a Rock and a Cell Phone:
Communication and Information Technology Use
during the 2011 Egyptian Uprising
Andrea Kavanaugh1 Steven D. Sheetz1
Riham Hassan2 Seungwon Yang1
Hicham G. Elmongui3 Edward A. Fox1
Mohamed Magdy1 Donald J. Shoemaker1
1 Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, +1 (540) 231-1806
2 Arab Academy for Science and Technology, Cairo, Egypt
3 Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
kavan, sheetz, seungwon, fox, mmagdy, [email protected][email protected][email protected]
ABSTRACT
Many observers heralded the use of social media during recent political uprisings in the Middle East even
dubbing Iran’s post election protests a “Twitter Revolution”. We seek to put into perspective the use of social
media in Egypt during the mass political demonstrations in 2011. We draw on innovation diffusion theory to
argue that these media could have had an impact beyond their low adoption rates due to other factors related to
demographics and social networks. We supplement our social media data analysis with survey data we collected
in June 2011 from an opportunity sample of Egyptian youth. We conclude that in addition to the contextual
factors noted above, the individuals within Egypt who used Twitter during the uprising have the characteristics
of opinion leaders. These findings contribute to knowledge regarding the role of opinion leaders and social
media, especially Twitter, during violent political demonstrations.
Keywords
social media, mobile phones, Middle East, social networks, innovation diffusion.
THE ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN POLITICAL CRISES
Protesters took to the streets with "a rock in one hand, a cell phone in the other," according to Rochdi Horchani
– a relative of Mohamed Bouazizi, the 26-year-old Tunisian street vendor who set himself on fire in December
2010 to protest police harassment and corruption (Ryan, 2011). Bouazizi’s death in early January 2011 as a
result of his burns triggered riots leading to the downfall in mid-January of the 23-year reign of Tunisia’s
President Ben Ali. A wave of protests against Middle East authoritarian governments followed in Egypt, Libya,
Bahrain, Algeria, and Syria, and came to be dubbed the ‘Arab Spring’. Starting in July 2010, prior to the
uprising, WikiLeaks began to release confidential State Department cables indicating that the US did not much
admire the authoritarian leaders in many of these countries – a development played out via a set of online
documents that certainly may have contributed to Arabs’ confidence in protesting. In addition, much credit has
been given to the role played by social media used by citizens to share with each other and with intern ...
A Woman's World: International Women's Day, 8 Marchmaditabalnco
The document is a collection of Reuters photographs depicting women in various situations around the world from 2014-2015. The photos show women posing for a photo shoot while pregnant, a reporter running with rebel fighters, mothers embracing newborn babies, displaced people fleeing violence, a Rohingya woman speaking to her daughter's boyfriend over the internet, a North Korean soldier using a mobile phone, a victim of the LRA displaying injuries, a bride waiting for her groom, passengers in a women-only subway car, a woman sunbathing on the beach, a woman receiving a free breast implant surgery, a Kurdish fighter using binoculars, Israeli and Palestinian women protesting at a holy site, military women attending a graduation ceremony, a
The document is a collection of news articles from January 25-28, 2011 describing large anti-government protests in Egypt demanding an end to President Hosni Mubarak's 30-year rule. On January 25, thousands of protesters in Cairo and Alexandria clashed with police. Protests continued to grow over subsequent days despite a protest ban, with violent clashes reported in Cairo and Suez as police fired tear gas and rubber bullets at protesters throwing stones and Molotov cocktails.
The document summarizes the devastating flooding that occurred in Pakistan in July 2010. Over 18 million people were directly affected as flood waters covered one-fifth of the country, more than areas hit by recent natural disasters combined. Six months later, large parts of southern Pakistan remained flooded and underwater, destroying homes and farmland and disrupting lives and livelihoods. International aid organizations like CAFOD worked to provide emergency food, shelter, and support to over 120,000 affected people as they worked to rebuild their lives and communities in the aftermath of the catastrophic flooding.
Una mendiga aceptó pasar 100 días en el balcón del palacio del rey sin comer ni beber para demostrar su amor y convertirse en su esposa si lo lograba. Soportó 99 días y 23 horas las inclemencias del tiempo mientras el rey solo la alentaba desde la comodidad de su habitación. A falta de 1 hora para completar los 100 días, la mujer se retiró porque comprendió que el rey era egoísta y desconsiderado, y que no merecía su amor.
O documento contém várias histórias curtas envolvendo loiras. Em três frases:
1) Uma loira faz um questionário para a prova da OAB com perguntas sem sentido sobre assuntos como capital do estado civil e assassinato de patrão.
2) Outras histórias curtas mostram loiras confundindo diagnósticos médicos e se metendo em situações inusitadas por falta de entendimento.
3) Há também piadas com estereótipos sobre loiras não entenderem situações óbvias ou dizerem coisas sem nexo.
Yes, I’ll stay in bed with you all weekend facevicio
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
This document provides a collection of hopeful images from 2015 that show humanity at its best. These include images of children playing, families reunited, acts of kindness between strangers, celebrations of life and love, and people and animals overcoming adversity. The photos portray themes of compassion, resilience, and joy.
Work. That's about all some of us know how to do. But we know it isn't enough. Download the entire manuscript, study notes, and handout at biblestudydownloads.com (OT sermons link). You may also listen to the audio of this message at http://cicfamily.com/sermon-listing/?tag=Ecclesiastes
Briefing Paper on the Human Rights Situation in Burma/Myanmar 1 March 2016 6:...MYO AUNG Myanmar
https://www.forum-asia.org/uploads/wp/2016/03/HRC31_Burma_Myanmar-Briefing_Paper.pdf
Asian Forum for Human Rights and Development (FORUM-ASIA)
FORUM-ASIA is a Bangkok-based regional human rights group with 58 member organisations in 19
countries across Asia. FORUM-ASIA addresses key areas of human rights violations in the region,
including freedoms of expressions, assembly and association, human rights defenders, and
democratisation.
Contact:
Website: www.forum-asia.org
Media inquiries: icp@forum-asia.org
International Office (Geneva, Switzerland): una@forum-asia.org
The year 2015 will be remembered as a momentous year for Burma/Myanmar as the National League for Democracy (NLD), led by Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, clinched an emphatic victory in the 8 November polls. However, the main challenges that impede a full and genuine democratic transition remain.
This briefing paper published by FORUM-ASIA and Burma Partnership provides an update on the current situation of human rights in Burma/Myanmar for the consideration of member and observer states of the UN Human Rights Council. It presents critical recommendations that will need to be implemented if the country is to look forward to a new and progressive era of democracy.
Mission san juan capistrano lesson plan geographycgchaveza
The fourth grade students will take a field trip to Mission San Juan Capistrano to learn more about the Spanish missions in California. During the field trip, students will split into groups and complete a scavenger hunt around the mission, describing important sites and taking pictures. Afterward, students will write a one page paper about what they saw and learned. Back in the classroom, each student will write a paragraph summarizing the pictures taken at the mission and relating them to California history facts. The students' work will be compiled into a class book summarizing their experiences at the mission field trip.
Conflict resolution is an important part of communication in criminal justice fields like hostage negotiations, community policing, parole officers, and correctional facilities. If conflicts are not successfully resolved in these areas, it can result in lives lost, property damage, loss of public trust in law enforcement, escalating community problems, parolee violations returning to prison, and death or injury in correctional facilities. Conflict resolution techniques used include building rapport, diffusing emotions, allowing all parties to maintain dignity, developing community partnerships, mediation, negotiation, and training guards in defusing conflicts.
What relationship does money have to happiness? Download the entire manuscript, study notes, and handout at biblestudydownloads.com (OT sermons link). You may also listen to the audio of this message at http://cicfamily.com/sermon-listing/?tag=Ecclesiastes
This document summarizes Ecclesiastes 7:15-29 from a sermon by Dr. Rick Griffith. It contains 3 main points:
1. Wisdom is balanced, avoiding extremes of righteousness and sinfulness.
2. Wisdom is strong, avoiding weakness from being blind to one's own faults.
3. Wisdom is insightful, avoiding thinking one has all the answers but still showing insight. It notes wisdom is difficult to attain and that while people were created to be virtuous, they tend toward wickedness.
This document contains a collection of 20 photographs depicting clashes between protesters and police from various countries and time periods. The photos show protesters confronting or throwing objects at police, police using force such as tear gas or pepper spray against protesters, and in some cases protesters engaging in acts of resistance or protest such as placing flowers in police weapons. The collection aims to illustrate the tensions that can arise between those demonstrating and the police forces deployed to control demonstrations.
This document provides information about various global protest movements in 2014. It discusses protests in Hong Kong where tens of thousands demonstrated against China's restrictions on democracy. It also summarizes unrest in Romania over poverty and unemployment, protests in Turkey over development plans and restrictions on freedom of expression, Israel's social justice movement against rising costs of living, and Bolivian protests against a highway being built through indigenous lands.
37 role of social media in political and regime change the college studyMary Smith
It is an educational blog and intended to serve as complete and self-contained work on essays, paragraph, speeches, articles, letters, stories, quotes.
https://www.thecollegestudy.net/
The document provides instructions for enjoying an audio or video file on a computer. It instructs the user to not use the mouse wheel and to only use the left mouse button. It also advises adjusting the volume level to the middle. The instructions are provided in both Arabic and English text.
The document discusses how new media like the internet and social media have enabled mass self-communication and the organization of political protests. It provides examples like Twitter being used to spread information about protests in Iran in 2009 when the government controlled traditional media. Similar uses of new media helped spark and coordinate the Arab Spring uprisings in 2010-2011 in countries like Tunisia and Egypt. The document also discusses how new media facilitated other protest movements like Occupy Wall Street and Los Indignados in spreading globally.
The Black Lives Matter movement began in 2013 after George Zimmerman's acquittal for killing Trayvon Martin. It campaigns against violence and systemic racism towards people of color. The movement spread on social media under the hashtag #BlackLivesMatter and brought awareness to police brutality through protests and social media. It has addressed issues beyond police brutality like minimum wage, gun regulation, and has hurt trust and image of the US judicial system.
Emilio Morenatti is a Spanish photographer based in Barcelona who has worked exclusively for the Associated Press since 2004. He has extensive experience covering war zones and conflicts, having worked in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Israel, the Palestinian Territories, and other regions. Morenatti is a multiple award-winning photographer who is recognized for his coverage of the Egyptian revolution, Ukrainian protests, and other major news stories in recent years.
lab8/1.jpg
lab8/2.jpg
lab8/3.jpg
lab8/4.jpg
lab8/5.jpg
lab8/6.jpg
lab8/7.jpg
Kavanaugh et al. Between a Rock and a Cell Phone
Proceedings of the 9th International ISCRAM Conference – Vancouver, Canada, April 2012
L. Rothkrantz, J. Ristvej and Z. Franco, eds.
1
Between a Rock and a Cell Phone:
Communication and Information Technology Use
during the 2011 Egyptian Uprising
Andrea Kavanaugh1 Steven D. Sheetz1
Riham Hassan2 Seungwon Yang1
Hicham G. Elmongui3 Edward A. Fox1
Mohamed Magdy1 Donald J. Shoemaker1
1 Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, +1 (540) 231-1806
2 Arab Academy for Science and Technology, Cairo, Egypt
3 Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
kavan, sheetz, seungwon, fox, mmagdy, [email protected][email protected][email protected]
ABSTRACT
Many observers heralded the use of social media during recent political uprisings in the Middle East even
dubbing Iran’s post election protests a “Twitter Revolution”. We seek to put into perspective the use of social
media in Egypt during the mass political demonstrations in 2011. We draw on innovation diffusion theory to
argue that these media could have had an impact beyond their low adoption rates due to other factors related to
demographics and social networks. We supplement our social media data analysis with survey data we collected
in June 2011 from an opportunity sample of Egyptian youth. We conclude that in addition to the contextual
factors noted above, the individuals within Egypt who used Twitter during the uprising have the characteristics
of opinion leaders. These findings contribute to knowledge regarding the role of opinion leaders and social
media, especially Twitter, during violent political demonstrations.
Keywords
social media, mobile phones, Middle East, social networks, innovation diffusion.
THE ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN POLITICAL CRISES
Protesters took to the streets with "a rock in one hand, a cell phone in the other," according to Rochdi Horchani
– a relative of Mohamed Bouazizi, the 26-year-old Tunisian street vendor who set himself on fire in December
2010 to protest police harassment and corruption (Ryan, 2011). Bouazizi’s death in early January 2011 as a
result of his burns triggered riots leading to the downfall in mid-January of the 23-year reign of Tunisia’s
President Ben Ali. A wave of protests against Middle East authoritarian governments followed in Egypt, Libya,
Bahrain, Algeria, and Syria, and came to be dubbed the ‘Arab Spring’. Starting in July 2010, prior to the
uprising, WikiLeaks began to release confidential State Department cables indicating that the US did not much
admire the authoritarian leaders in many of these countries – a development played out via a set of online
documents that certainly may have contributed to Arabs’ confidence in protesting. In addition, much credit has
been given to the role played by social media used by citizens to share with each other and with intern ...
A Woman's World: International Women's Day, 8 Marchmaditabalnco
The document is a collection of Reuters photographs depicting women in various situations around the world from 2014-2015. The photos show women posing for a photo shoot while pregnant, a reporter running with rebel fighters, mothers embracing newborn babies, displaced people fleeing violence, a Rohingya woman speaking to her daughter's boyfriend over the internet, a North Korean soldier using a mobile phone, a victim of the LRA displaying injuries, a bride waiting for her groom, passengers in a women-only subway car, a woman sunbathing on the beach, a woman receiving a free breast implant surgery, a Kurdish fighter using binoculars, Israeli and Palestinian women protesting at a holy site, military women attending a graduation ceremony, a
The document is a collection of news articles from January 25-28, 2011 describing large anti-government protests in Egypt demanding an end to President Hosni Mubarak's 30-year rule. On January 25, thousands of protesters in Cairo and Alexandria clashed with police. Protests continued to grow over subsequent days despite a protest ban, with violent clashes reported in Cairo and Suez as police fired tear gas and rubber bullets at protesters throwing stones and Molotov cocktails.
The document is a collection of news articles from January 25-28, 2011 describing large anti-government protests in Egypt demanding an end to President Hosni Mubarak's 30-year rule. The protests began in Cairo and spread to other cities like Alexandria and Suez. Protesters clashed with police, who used tear gas and water cannons against the crowds. By January 28th, the protests had intensified with running battles in the streets of Cairo and other cities between protesters and police.
The document discusses the youth movements in the Arab Spring uprisings and Occupy Wall Street protests. It notes that both movements were driven by citizens coming together to protest issues like political corruption, unemployment, corporate greed, and economic recession. While the Arab Spring targeted authoritarian regimes and their repression, Occupy Wall Street protested the influence of corporations on politics and growing economic inequality. The movements both utilized social media and saw a range of responses from authorities, from violent crackdowns to the eventual overthrow of leaders in some Arab countries.
The document summarizes the ongoing protests in Ukraine against President Viktor Yanukovych. Protesters took to the streets in November 2013 after Yanukovych abandoned an EU integration pact and instead accepted a aid package from Russia. Yanukovych then passed laws restricting media and protests, exacerbating public anger. The protests in Independence Square call for Yanukovych's resignation and focus on issues of corruption, media suppression, and democratic rights. The outcome of the clashes between protesters and police remains uncertain.
The document provides an introduction and overview of a research project examining the demands and aspirations of protest movements that emerged globally between 2011-2012. The research included a global survey of media reports on protests meeting certain size and duration criteria, and qualitative field research was conducted in Athens, Cairo, London, Moscow, and Yerevan through interviews with activists and representatives of civil society organizations. The research aimed to understand both the commonalities and differences between the various protests, their generational aspects, and relationships with other actors. While many questions remain about the long-term impacts, the research found these movements introduced new ideas and changed public debates around issues of democracy, governance, inequality, and the roles of states and citizens.
While social media helped spread information and organize protests during the Arab Spring, it was ultimately offline human action that drove revolution. The paper discusses how Twitter emerged as a coordination tool for Tunisian and Egyptian protests in 2011, but traditional media and face-to-face communication remained more important for informing people. The Egyptian government attempted to limit social media's influence by shutting down internet access, but this had the effect of driving more people into the streets to protest. The conclusion is that technology alone does not cause revolution; it takes real human beings standing together through direct action to overthrow authoritarian regimes.
Media Environments and the Dilemma of Collective Action in the Egyptian Revol...Alexander Hanna
The document discusses how new media like social media and regional satellite television helped activists in Egypt overcome the collective action dilemma during the 2011 revolution. It presents a chronology of the revolution and examines how people who got information from different media sources like state TV, Al-Jazeera, and social media varied in their likelihood to participate in protests. The researcher aims to analyze social media data, conduct interviews, and perform content analysis of television to understand how media environments influence collective action.
The document summarizes the 2011-2012 Russian election protests. It describes how the protests were sparked by allegations of election fraud in Vladimir Putin's reelection. Thousands protested peacefully in Moscow and other cities, demanding free and fair elections. While some reforms were enacted, the protesters' core demands for new elections and political change went unmet. Younger generations played a large role in the movement, hoping to establish greater democracy after the Soviet era.
big and small, lined and soft, round and angular
of felt or velvet
adorned with fur, embroidery, gorgeous bird feathers, ribbons, stones according to the owner’s fortune
grands et petits, doublés et doux, ronds et angulaires,
en feutre ou en velours,
ornés de fourrure, broderies, plumes d'oiseaux magnifiques, de rubans, pierreries selon la fortune du propriétaire ...
Recognised as the most beautiful woman in the Mediterranean civilisations, hers was the face that launched a thousand ships and inspired the legends ...
Rückenfigur ... back figure in paintings.ppsxguimera
Wanderer above the Sea of Fog is perhaps the most iconic Rückenfigur in German Romantic painting …
Rückenfigur, the back-figure is a pictorial theme with significant power.
Rückenfigur ... back figure in paintings
Rückenfigur ... figure de dos dans la peinture.ppsxguimera
Le Voyageur contemplant une mer de nuages est probablement la Rückenfigur la plus emblématique de la peinture romantique allemande ...
Rückenfigur, la figure de dos est un thème pictural d'une grande puissance.
Has been depicted
in mythological and religious paintings, in still life, vanities, allegories, in the genre painting.
From Caravaggio and Rubens to Millet, through Vermeer, Delacroix, Manet, Moreau …
Panier en osier dans la peinture européenne.ppsxguimera
A été représenté
dans les peintures mythologiques et religieuses, les natures mortes, vanités, allégories, dans la peinture de genre.
Du Caravage et Rubens à Millet, en passant par Vermeer, Delacroix, Manet, Moreau ...
The Art of Rain_The beauty of rain in paintings..ppsxguimera
The beauty of rain in paintings.
expected or feared, delicate or stormy, metaphorical or very real, the rain has often entered the imagination of artists ...
L’art de la pluie_La beauté de la pluie dans la peinture..ppsxguimera
La beauté de la pluie dans la peinture.
espérée ou redoutée, fine ou orageuse, métaphorique ou bien réelle, la pluie s’est souvent invitée dans l’imaginaire des artistes ...
From Gethsemane to the Tomb ... Passion Stories.ppsxguimera
This document provides summaries of paintings depicting scenes from Jesus's passion and death. It describes paintings showing Jesus in the Garden of Gethsemane praying before his arrest, Jesus appearing before Pilate, Jesus being mocked and crowned with thorns, Jesus carrying the cross, Jesus on the cross with Mary and John, the crucifixion and death of Jesus, his body being taken down and mourned over, and his entombment. The paintings highlighted come from artists like William Blake, James Tissot, Hieronymus Bosch, and Lovis Corinth and are housed in museums around the world.
Medea and the beautiful Argonaut,
the first human Cain
Romulus and Remus nursed by the same she-wolf,
Vulcan who loves Venus who loves Mars
Eve and the Apple of the Tree of Temptation
and
the most human of emotions that inspired the painters
La jalousie dans la peinture européenne.ppsxguimera
Médée et le bel Argonaute,
le premier humain Caïn
Romulus et Remus nourris au sein de la même louve,
Vulcain qui aime Vénus qui aime Mars
Ève et la pomme de l'arbre de la tentation
et
la plus humaine des émotions qui a inspiré les peintres
créatures mi-hommes, mi-chevaux, habitant les forêts et les montagnes
violents et sauvages, avec une morale brutale, et un amour immodéré pour le vin et les femmes
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This tutorial offers a step-by-step guide on how to effectively use Pinterest. It covers the basics such as account creation and navigation, as well as advanced techniques including creating eye-catching pins and optimizing your profile. The tutorial also explores collaboration and networking on the platform. With visual illustrations and clear instructions, this tutorial will equip you with the skills to navigate Pinterest confidently and achieve your goals.
This document announces the winners of the 2024 Youth Poster Contest organized by MATFORCE. It lists the grand prize and age category winners for grades K-6, 7-12, and individual age groups from 5 years old to 18 years old.
1. Anti-government protesters kiss during a protest against Venezuela's President Nicolas Maduro's government in Caracas March 22, 2014. Reuters/Christian Veron
3. Yau Chi-hang, 22, a university student and pro-democracy protester, kisses fellow protester Crystal Chan, 21, after she agreed to his marriage proposal, at Mongkok
shopping district in Hong Kong on Oct 5, 2014, to the cheers of the crowd. Photo: Reuters
4. Yau, 22, gets down to his knees and proposes to his girlfriend Chen, 21, both university students and pro-democracy protesters. on a main street which they
occupied, at Mongkok shopping district in Hong Kong October 5, 2014. Chinese characters on Yau's arm read as "Leung Chun-ying, step down". Reuter /Liau
Chung-ren
5. An activist from the "Right Sector" anti-government protest group presents a bouquet of flowers to his girlfriend in front of fellow activists near the site of previous
clashes with riot police in Kiev February 13, 2014. Reuters /Stringer
6. Gay couples kiss during a protest against remarks by Brazilian Presidential candidate Levy Fidelix of Labour Renewal Party (PRTB) against homosexuality during
televised debates, in Sao Paulo September 30, 2014. Reuters /Nacho Doce
7. Anti-government demonstrators embrace riot police during a protest against Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro's government in Caracas May 22, 2014. Reuters
/Carlos Garcia Rawlins
8. A student protesting education reform hugs a policeman in Bogotá, Colombia, 2011. telegraph.co.uk
9. Ozgur Kaya kisses his bride Nuray Cokol as the newly married couple visit Gezi Park following their wedding ceremony in Istanbul July 20, 2013. Reuters /Stringer
10. An anti-government protester kisses a Thai soldier, after some of the Thai police personnel stationed in the Government house left the place following an agreement
between the army and protesters, in Bangkok, January 19, 2014. Reuters /Chaiwat Subprasom
11. A couple kisses next to a poster that reads "Education free and quality, now" in Santiago, Chile November 6, 2011. Reuters/Victor Ruiz Caballero
12. An anti-government protester kisses a riot police officer on the cheek during a rally outside the Government House in Bangkok, today. December 3, 2013. Reuters
/Chaiwat Subprasom
13. A couple warm themselves with a blanket at a barricade at Independence Square in Kiev December 4, 2013. Reuters /Stoyan Nenov
14. A couple wearing masks embrace after erecting tents in Finsbury Square in central London October 22, 2011. Reuters /Toby Melville
15. Jenya, 23, kisses his fiance Nastya, 17, shortly after he proposed on Feb. 2, 2014. The couple met during the EuroMaidan rallies about a month ago. They plan to get
married on the barricades.Anastasia Vlasova / Demotix via Corbis
16. A pro-European integration protester wearing a mask depicting Russian President Vladimir Putin tries to kiss a woman during a rally in Independence square in Kiev
December 22, 2013. Reuters /Marko Djurica
17. A couple gestures while sitting at a pedestrian crossing in front of a line of riot policemen during a march marking the 45th anniversary of a student massacre in
Mexico City October 2, 2013. Reuters/Tomas Bravo
18. An opposition supporter hugs his future bride after he asked her to marry him next to the protest barricades in central Kiev on Feb. 2, 2014.Efrem Lukatsky / AP
19. A couple chants slogans during a rally to protest the acquittal of George Zimmerman in the killing of Florida teen Trayvon Martin in Beverly Hills, California July 17,
2013. Reuters/Mario Anzuoni
20. Demonstrators kiss during a march in Paris, to protest France's planned legalization of same-sex marriage January 13, 2013. Reuters/Philippe Wojazer
21. Demonstrators sleep as they camp out in Madrid's Puerta del Sol May 22, 2011. Tens of thousands of protesters have daily joined those camped out for the past
week to protest against government austerity before regional elections on Sunday which are likely to deal a blow to the Socialist government. Reuters/Paul Hanna
22. Turkish protesters help a dog who was tear gassed during a clash with police in Istanbul, Turkey, 2013.Image credits: huffingtonpost.com
23. Demonstrators kiss underneath a banner reading We have the right to dream, and for it to become true in Madrid's Puerta del Sol early May 21, 2011 . Reuters/Juan
Medina
24. Demonstrators embrace as they camp out in La Constitucion square during a protest in Malaga, southern Spain early May 21, 2011. Tens of thousands of Spaniards
protested for a sixth day on Friday in cities all over the country, and the government looked unlikely to enforce a ban on the demonstrations, fearing clashes.
Reuters/Jon Nazca
25. Demonstrators kiss during a protest against the Spanish government's handling of an economic crisis at Madrid's Puerta del Sol May 25, 2011. Reuters/Susana Vera
26. Demonstrators embrace during a protest against the Spanish government's handling of an economic crisis at Madrid's Puerta del Sol May 25, 2011. Reuters/Susana
Vera
27. Mike Woods, 28, and Brandon Parsons, 30, embrace on the Pennsylvania State Capital steps following a rally with gay rights supporters after a ruling struck down a
ban on same sex marriage in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, May 20, 2014. Reuters/Mark Makela
28. Two protesters wearing masks kiss in front of the Jefferson County Courthouse during the trial of two high school football players accused of raping a girl in
Steubenville, Ohio, March 13, 2013. Reuters/Jason Cohn
29. A couple kiss in front of the police line during a protest against the G20 summit June 26, 2010 in Toronto, Canada. Scott Olson / Getty Images
30. A couple kisses during a rally known as a “Kissing marathon for education” to demand changes in the public state education system during a protest against the
government in Santiago, Chile, on September 1, 2011. Reuters/Ivan Alvarado
31. Russian same-sex couple Yury Gavrikov (center R) and Maxim Lysak (center L), surrounded by riot police officers, arrive at a Gay Pride event in St. Petersburg,
June 29, 2013. Reuters /Alexander Demianchuk
32. A woman taking part in a march to protest the NATO Summit is kissed while posing with a police officer in Chicago May 21, 2012. Reuters/Adrees Latif
33. A couple, who are anti-government demonstrators, kisses next to military police officers during a protest near Guanabara Palace in Rio de Janeiro September 7,
2013. Reuters/Ricardo Moraes
34. A couple take wedding photogtaphs in front of pro-democracy protesters in Hong Kong on October 1, 2014 AFP Photo/Philippe Lopez
35. A couple kisses during an Indignant antiausterity rally at Syntagma square in Athens, May 2011. Reuters
36. A newlywed couple walks near a barricade built by anti-government protesters in Kiev on Jan. 26, 2014.Valentyn Ogirenko / Reuters
37. A couple kisses during an Indignant antiausterity rally at Syntagma square in Athens, May 2011 Reuters
38. A newly married couple kisses among a crowd of protesters during an antiausterity rally in Syntagma, May 2011 Reuters
39. A protester proposing to his girlfriend in a street close to Kiev's Independence Square on Feb. 2, 2014. Wearing a helmet, balaclava and bullet-proof jacket, the man
professed his love through a megaphone, got down on one knee and proposed to his girlfriend as his comrades lit smoke flares.Oleksandr Stashevskiy / AFP - Getty
Images
40. A demonstrator kisses a riot police officer on Nov. 16 2013 during a protest in Susa, Italy, against a planned high-speed train line between Lyon and Turin. Marco
Bertorello / AFP - Getty Images
41. Students kiss on the road in front of the police at the end of a demonstration over pension reform in Paris October 21, 2010. Reuters /Gonzalo Fuentes
42. Riot police and protesters share a cry together, Sofia, Bulgaria, 2013 Photo: Reddit
43. Woman successfully defends a group of cornered riot officers from angry protesters. Bogotá, Colombia, 2013.Photo reddit.com
44. Newlyweds Mikhail and Margarita Nakonechniy kiss in front of barricades on Independence Square in a gesture of support for pro-Europe activists in Kiev, Ukraine,
on Saturday, December 21. cnn.com
45. Students hug riot policemen during a protest against an education reform bill, in Bogota on October 26, 2011. Guillermo Legaria / AFP - Getty Images
46. Two protesters share kiss as Occupy protest broken up outside European Central Bank in Frankfurt, May 17, 2012. Reuters
47. A student hugs a riot policewoman during a protest against an education reform bill, in Bogota on October 26, 2011. Guillermo Legaria / AFP - Getty Images
48. Protesters dressed as clowns entertain guards at a G20 meeting. Toronto, Canada, 2010. Image credits: xkalmedia.com
49. Riot police walk in the street as a couple kiss on June 15, 2011 in Vancouver. Rich Lam / Getty Images
50. A young boy offers a heart-shaped balloon to police, Bucharest, Romania, 2012 Image credits: ioanamoldovan.com
52. Young students offer flowers to riot police while others blocked off Syntagma (Parliament) Square on December 13, 2008, following more than a week of clashes
over the police killing of a 15-year-old. Louisa Gouliamaki /AFP/Getty Images
53. Anti-Government Protests in Venezuela.An opposition demonstrator gives flowers to a police officer on Feb. 14. 2014. Carlos Garcia Rawlins/Reuters
54. A student protester comforts a girl during a rally demanding Chile's government reform the education system, in Santiago May 28, 2013. Reuters/Ivan Alvarado
55. An anti-government protester holds hands with an anti-riot policemen across the closed gates outside the headquarters of the ruling Puea Thai Party of Prime Minister
Yingluck Shinawatra in Bangkok November 29, 2013. Reuters /Damir Sagolj
56. A Ukrainian woman places carnations onto the shields of anti-riot policemen standing outside the presidential office in Kiev, November 24, 2004.
59. 18 years old George Harris placing flowers into the rifle barrels of National Guardsman. Photographed by Bernie Boston on October 21, 1967 while he was sitting on
the wall of The Mall entrance by the Pentagon. Flower Power, 1967
60. Marc Riboud ” Jan Rose Kasmir, Flower Power, Pentagon March 1967”
62. cast Love in the time of protest
images and text credit www.
news.nationalpost.com
www.reuters.com
Music Leonard Cohen
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