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์ž ์œจ ์ฃผ ํ–‰ ์ฐจ ๋Ÿ‰ ์„ ์œ„ ํ•œ ์ข… ๋ฐฉ ํ–ฅ
๋ฌด ๊ฐ€ ์† ์‹œ ์Šค ํ…œโ€œ
โ€
์‚ฐํ•™์บก์Šคํ„ด2020.06.19
ํ…Œ ์Šฌ ๋ผ
๋ชฉ ์ฐจ
์‚ฐํ•™์บก์Šคํ„ด
์ข…๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋ฌด๊ฐ€์† ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ
01. ์™„์„ฑ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ๋ชจ๋ธ
02. ๋ฌธ์ œ์  ์ธ์‹
03. ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๊ตฌ์ƒ
04. ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšจ๊ณผ
01
์™„์„ฑ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ๋ชจ๋ธ
๋“ฑ๋ฐ›์ด ์ข…๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์กฐ์ ˆ
์‹œํŠธ ์ข…๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์กฐ์ ˆ
1. ์ค‘๊ณ ์˜ ํŒŒ์›Œ ์‹œํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ
ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„ํš
2. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋ชจํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํƒˆ์ฐฉํ•˜๊ณ  ํ† ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋†’๊ณ  ์ธก
์ •์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—”์ฝ”๋”๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•œ๋‹ค.
3. IMU์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ 
Arduino์—์„œ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ๋‹ค.
DC Motor
IMU
DC Motor
Fail-Safe
Board
Arduino
Due
Action
Acceleration of Vehicle Extended
Kalman
Filter
๊ตฌ ์„ฑ ๋„
1. IMU์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ข…๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •
2. IMU์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ EKF๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์•ˆ์ •ํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค.
3. EKF์—์„œ ์ถœ๋ ฅ๋œ ์ถ”์ •๊ฐ’์„ Arduino Due์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์†๋„๊ฐ€ 0์— ์ˆ˜๋ ดํ•˜๋„๋ก ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค.
4. ์•ˆ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•ด Fail-Safe Board๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์–ด Outlier๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ž…๋˜๋ฉด ๋™์ž‘์„ ์ •์ง€์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค.
5. ์—”์ฝ”๋”๊ฐ€ ์žฅ์ฐฉ๋œ ๋ชจํ„ฐ์— ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ ๊ฐ€์†๋„๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์–ด์ค€๋‹ค.
* Arduino Due๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ํ•€์˜ ๊ฐœ
์ˆ˜๋„ ๋งŽ๊ณ  PWM์ด 12bit์˜ ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ธฐ
๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.
01
์™„์„ฑ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ๋ชจ๋ธ
imu
imu
imu
Simulation
1. ์นดํŠธ์— ์ œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์‹œํŠธ๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜๋™์œผ
๋กœ ๊ฐ€์†๋„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค.
2. ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์œ„์น˜์— IMU์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ฐฉ
์‹œ์ผœ ๊ฐ€์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค.
3. IMU์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ Matlab์—์„œ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„
์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ํ™•์ธ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์Œ
์˜ ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค.
4. ๊ฐ€์†๋„๊ฐ€ 0์— ์ˆ˜๋ ดํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋ฅผ
ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™•์ธํ•œ๋‹ค.
Matlab Arduino package
01
์™„์„ฑ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ๋ชจ๋ธ
02
๋ฌธ์ œ์  ์ธ์‹
Problem
1. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ „๋™ ์‹œํŠธ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
I. ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํšŒ์ „ ์‹œ ํšŒ์ „์ถ•์˜ ๊ผฌ์ผ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
II. ๋‚˜์‚ฌ์‚ฐ์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ์ข๋‹ค.
2. 1๋ฒˆ๊ณผ ์ง๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‹œํŠธ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€.
3. ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‹œํŠธ์™€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ(์•ฝ 100kg)๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ชจํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ฌผ์ƒ‰.
์ „๋™ ์‹œํŠธ ๋ณผ์Šคํฌ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋‚˜์‚ฌ์‚ฐ ์ „๋™ ์‹œํŠธ์˜ ์ œ์–ด ๋ชจํ„ฐ์™€ ์ œ์–ด ์ถ•
03
ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๊ตฌ์ƒ
1์•ˆ
<Animation>
1. Rack and Pinion๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์†๋น„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์–ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ด๋™๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๋‹ค.
2. ๋ชจํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํšŒ์ „์‹œํ‚ฌ ์‹œ ๊ธฐ์–ด์˜ ์ดํƒˆ ๋“ฑ ์˜ค์ž‘๋™์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
03
ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๊ตฌ์ƒ
2์•ˆ
<Animation>
1. ํž˜์„ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ชจํ„ฐ ์„ ๋ณ„์— ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์ด ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๋‹ค. ํšŒ์ „์ถ• ๋“ฑ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์•ˆ
์ •์ ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
2. ๋ชจํ„ฐ์˜ ํšŒ์ „์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ง์„ ์šด๋™์ด ์„ ํ˜•์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์ œ์–ด๊ฐ’์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•  ์‹œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
03
ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๊ตฌ์ƒ
3์•ˆ
<Animation>
1. 1๊ณผ 2์•ˆ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์„ ๋‘๊ป๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์ด ๋” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ
๋กœ ๋ณด์ž„. ์ค‘์•™์˜ ๋‚˜์‚ฌ์‚ฐ์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ๊ธธ์–ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ์˜ ํšŒ์ „์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ์ด๋™์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
2. ์ค‘์•™์—๋งŒ ์‹œํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ •์‹œ์ผœ ๋†“์•„ ์ขŒ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•์ด ์ƒ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
04
๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšจ๊ณผ
ํŽธ์•ˆํ•œ ์Šน์ฐจ๊ฐ
๋ฉ€๋ฏธ ์™„ํ™”๊ฐ„ํŽธํ™”
์ข…๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋ฌด๊ฐ€์†
์‹œ์Šคํ…œ
๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹คโ€œ
โ€

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Longitudinal anti-acceleration system for autonomous vehicle

  • 1. ์ž ์œจ ์ฃผ ํ–‰ ์ฐจ ๋Ÿ‰ ์„ ์œ„ ํ•œ ์ข… ๋ฐฉ ํ–ฅ ๋ฌด ๊ฐ€ ์† ์‹œ ์Šค ํ…œโ€œ โ€ ์‚ฐํ•™์บก์Šคํ„ด2020.06.19 ํ…Œ ์Šฌ ๋ผ
  • 2. ๋ชฉ ์ฐจ ์‚ฐํ•™์บก์Šคํ„ด ์ข…๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋ฌด๊ฐ€์† ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ 01. ์™„์„ฑ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ๋ชจ๋ธ 02. ๋ฌธ์ œ์  ์ธ์‹ 03. ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๊ตฌ์ƒ 04. ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšจ๊ณผ
  • 3. 01 ์™„์„ฑ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋“ฑ๋ฐ›์ด ์ข…๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์กฐ์ ˆ ์‹œํŠธ ์ข…๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์กฐ์ ˆ 1. ์ค‘๊ณ ์˜ ํŒŒ์›Œ ์‹œํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„ํš 2. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋ชจํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํƒˆ์ฐฉํ•˜๊ณ  ํ† ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋†’๊ณ  ์ธก ์ •์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—”์ฝ”๋”๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•œ๋‹ค. 3. IMU์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  Arduino์—์„œ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ๋‹ค.
  • 4. DC Motor IMU DC Motor Fail-Safe Board Arduino Due Action Acceleration of Vehicle Extended Kalman Filter ๊ตฌ ์„ฑ ๋„ 1. IMU์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ข…๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ • 2. IMU์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ EKF๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์•ˆ์ •ํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค. 3. EKF์—์„œ ์ถœ๋ ฅ๋œ ์ถ”์ •๊ฐ’์„ Arduino Due์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์†๋„๊ฐ€ 0์— ์ˆ˜๋ ดํ•˜๋„๋ก ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค. 4. ์•ˆ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•ด Fail-Safe Board๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์–ด Outlier๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ž…๋˜๋ฉด ๋™์ž‘์„ ์ •์ง€์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. 5. ์—”์ฝ”๋”๊ฐ€ ์žฅ์ฐฉ๋œ ๋ชจํ„ฐ์— ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ ๊ฐ€์†๋„๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์–ด์ค€๋‹ค. * Arduino Due๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ํ•€์˜ ๊ฐœ ์ˆ˜๋„ ๋งŽ๊ณ  PWM์ด 12bit์˜ ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. 01 ์™„์„ฑ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ๋ชจ๋ธ
  • 5. imu imu imu Simulation 1. ์นดํŠธ์— ์ œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์‹œํŠธ๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜๋™์œผ ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์†๋„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค. 2. ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์œ„์น˜์— IMU์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ฐฉ ์‹œ์ผœ ๊ฐ€์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. 3. IMU์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ Matlab์—์„œ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ํ™•์ธ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. 4. ๊ฐ€์†๋„๊ฐ€ 0์— ์ˆ˜๋ ดํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™•์ธํ•œ๋‹ค. Matlab Arduino package 01 ์™„์„ฑ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ๋ชจ๋ธ
  • 6. 02 ๋ฌธ์ œ์  ์ธ์‹ Problem 1. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ „๋™ ์‹œํŠธ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. I. ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํšŒ์ „ ์‹œ ํšŒ์ „์ถ•์˜ ๊ผฌ์ผ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. II. ๋‚˜์‚ฌ์‚ฐ์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ์ข๋‹ค. 2. 1๋ฒˆ๊ณผ ์ง๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‹œํŠธ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€. 3. ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‹œํŠธ์™€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ(์•ฝ 100kg)๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ชจํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ฌผ์ƒ‰. ์ „๋™ ์‹œํŠธ ๋ณผ์Šคํฌ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋‚˜์‚ฌ์‚ฐ ์ „๋™ ์‹œํŠธ์˜ ์ œ์–ด ๋ชจํ„ฐ์™€ ์ œ์–ด ์ถ•
  • 7. 03 ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๊ตฌ์ƒ 1์•ˆ <Animation> 1. Rack and Pinion๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์†๋น„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์–ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ด๋™๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๋‹ค. 2. ๋ชจํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํšŒ์ „์‹œํ‚ฌ ์‹œ ๊ธฐ์–ด์˜ ์ดํƒˆ ๋“ฑ ์˜ค์ž‘๋™์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
  • 8. 03 ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๊ตฌ์ƒ 2์•ˆ <Animation> 1. ํž˜์„ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ชจํ„ฐ ์„ ๋ณ„์— ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์ด ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๋‹ค. ํšŒ์ „์ถ• ๋“ฑ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์•ˆ ์ •์ ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. 2. ๋ชจํ„ฐ์˜ ํšŒ์ „์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ง์„ ์šด๋™์ด ์„ ํ˜•์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์ œ์–ด๊ฐ’์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•  ์‹œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
  • 9. 03 ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๊ตฌ์ƒ 3์•ˆ <Animation> 1. 1๊ณผ 2์•ˆ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์„ ๋‘๊ป๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์ด ๋” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž„. ์ค‘์•™์˜ ๋‚˜์‚ฌ์‚ฐ์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ๊ธธ์–ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ์˜ ํšŒ์ „์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ์ด๋™์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 2. ์ค‘์•™์—๋งŒ ์‹œํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ •์‹œ์ผœ ๋†“์•„ ์ขŒ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•์ด ์ƒ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Editor's Notes

  1. ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋ญ ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ ์ด๋Ÿฐ๊ฑฐ ์ฒญ๊ฐํ™”๋ณด๋‹ค ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ
  2. ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋ญ ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ ์ด๋Ÿฐ๊ฑฐ ์ฒญ๊ฐํ™”๋ณด๋‹ค ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ
  3. ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋ญ ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ ์ด๋Ÿฐ๊ฑฐ ์ฒญ๊ฐํ™”๋ณด๋‹ค ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ