3. THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
The nervous system is the master
controlling and communicating system of
the body.
More than 100 billion nerve cells are
operating constantly all over the body to
co-ordinate all the activities.
6. THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
The Central Nervous System (CNS)- consists of
brain and spinal cord, which act as the
integrating and command centers of the
nervous system. The interpret incoming sensory
information and instructions based on past
experience and current conditions.
7. PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM(PNS)
It is the part of the nervous system outside the CNS
The PNS includes all the nerves in our body that
brings messages to the CNS and from the CNS to the
muscles.
It consist mainly of the nerves that extend from the
brain and spinal cord.
CRANIAL NERVES carry impulses to and from the
brain
SPINAL NERVES carry impulses to and from the brain
8. CEREBRUM
• The Cerebrum is the largest part of the brain.
It consists of two surfaces. The cerebral cortex
and cerebral medulla.
• The cerebrum controls the senses, thoughts,
and movements.
10. Cerebellum
• The cerebellum is seen at the back of our
head under the cerebrum.
• It is a small cauliflower like structure. It is
responsible for movement, balance, posture,
etc. It handles reflexes of eye movements. It
often takes over learned activities like riding a
bike or car.
12. MEDULLA OBLONGATA
• Medulla oblongata merges seamlessly with
the spinal cord and creates the base of the
brain stem.
• It is the primary control centre for vital
involuntary reflexes such as swallowing,
vomiting, sneezing, coughing and regulation
of cardiovascular and respiratory activity.
14. PONS
The Pons serves as a message station between
several areas of the brain. It helps relay
messages from the cortex and the cerebellum.
Without the PONS, the brain would not be
able to function because messages would not
be able to be transmitted, or passed along.
15. HYPOTHALAMUS
The Hypothalamus is situated under the thalamus, at
the top of the brainstem.
It controls many bodily functions.
Controls emotional response and behaviour.
Regulates food intake.
Regulates water balance and thirst.
Controls sleep- wake cycles.
Controls endocrine system.
17. THALAMUS
• Thalamus is called the gateway to the cerebral
cortex. All sensory impulses pass through it to
the higher levels of the brain.
19. BRAIN HEMISPHERITY
• The brain is divided into two hemispheres by a
groove called medial longitudinal fissure.
• Corpus callosum connects the right and left
hemispheres and helps in the communication
of each side.
21. LOBES OF THE BRAIN
• The cerebral cortex has four lobes. They are
• The frontal lobe
• The Parietal lobe
• The Occipital lobe and
• The Temporal lobe
23. RETICULAR ACTIVATING SYSTEM
• A diffuse network of nerve pathways in the
brainstem connecting the spinal cord,
cerebrum, and cerebellum, and mediating the
overall level of consciousness.
25. NEURON
• Brain is made up of specialized cells called
neurons which transmits chemicals and
electrical signals in the brain.
• The neurons are made up of soma, axon,
dendrites, and synapses.
