1. Prevention, Phasing Out,
Withdrawal - Rehabilitation
Child Labour and Human
Development (SAHRD)
by Salma Majeed Jafar (April 2012)

2. Outline of the Session
Presentation (20 min)
Q/A session (10 min)
Group work (30 min)
Group Presentations and Q/A (25 min)
Conclusion (5 min)

3. Child Labor in South Asia

4. Child Work
Child
Labour
Hazardous
Hazardous
Child Labour
Child Labour
Worst Forms of
Worst Forms of
Child Labour
Child Labour

5. Child Work
Positive participation of children in economic
activity, not detrimental
Beneficial work, strengthens or encourages child dev.
Allows normal schooling, leisure activities & resting.
According to the C138 Recommendation ILO, this kind
of light work is permitted from the age of 12 years.

6. Child Labour
Child labor as defined by the ILO
All children between 5-11 years of age who are
economically active
Children between 12-14 years of age who work in an
economic activity for 14 or more hours per week.
It is detrimental to the child’s education, social,
physical and mental development

7. Hazardous Child Labour
Exposes to
Physical, Psychological or Sexual Abuse
Hazardous Substances & Temperatures
Underground, Under water, Dangerous Heights & in
Confined Spaces;
Dangerous Machinery, & Tools - Heavy Loads
Long Hours –During the Night
Confined to the premises of the employer.

8. Worst Forms of Child Labour
• Commercial Sexual Exploitation of
children
• Slavery or economic activity in slave-like
conditions
• Prostitution
• Children used by adults to commit crime
• Pornography
• Trafficking

9. Gender Aspects
Most child labour surveys have excluded non-economic
activities such as:
Household Chores & Child Care of Siblings
FACT: so much time is spent on household chores, that
it can jeopardize the education & health, in similar ways
as economic work does
Excluding of non-economic activities results in an
underestimation of the incidence of girl child labour,

10. Gender Aspects
Response to these concerns: a Resolution was
adopted at the 18th Intl Conference for Labour
Statisticians, in Dec 2008.
Recommendations
To measure unpaid household services in
children’s productive activities.
&
To consider effect on a child’s education when
determining what constitutes long hours (ILO 2009).

11. Prevention
Phasing Out
Withdrawal
Withdrawal
Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation

12. Prevention
The Ultimate Objective should be of Preventing Child
Labour
Siblings of working children that are not yet working,
Children not yet working but at high-risk of engaging in
exploitative work.
Children below the age of 12

13. High Risk Situations
Poverty
Out of school
At risk of drop out
Children with disabilities
Orphaned Children
Displaced and Refugees
Children of unemployed parents
No access to basic health and education services
Parental Neglect 13

14. How to Prevent
1. Target vulnerable children
2. Target prospective employers, parents /guardians
3. MOUs and agreements with employers on minimum
age
4. Programme Interventions
 Education
 Health
 Livelihoods
 Social Protection etc.

15. Phasing Out
Withdrawal
Withdrawal

16. Three Stages of Phasing
Out

17. Stages of Phasing Out
Stage Two
Stage Two
Partial
Partial
Withdrawal
Withdrawal
Stage One --
Stage One
Initial
Initial Stage Three
Stage Three
withdrawal
withdrawal • Converted
• Converted
to ‘Child
to ‘Child
Full
Full The Child
The Child
• Reduction
• Reduction Work’ from
Work’ from Withdrawal
Withdrawal doesn’t
doesn’t
in work
in work ‘Child work
hours
‘Child • Removal
• Removal work
hours Labour’
Labour’ from CL
from CL anymore
anymore
• Removal of
• Removal of
hazards
hazards
from work –
from work –
children now
children now
work under
work under
safer
safer

18. Phasing Out
Progressive elimination through a social assistance
package
Education,
Livelihoods,
Vocational training
Social Protection (Safety Nets).

19. Removal
Reliable data on the nature and magnitude of the child
labour problem is essential for the purpose of the removal
and rehabilitation of child labourers.
to establish priorities,
to determine the target groups for priority action,
to set clear objectives,
to draw up realistic programmes and
to measure progress.
Constraint: Birth registration records not available??

20. Rehabilitation
Removal without adequate rehabilitation strategies
may result in high risk for the child:
More hazardous or clandestine conditions
Whole range of supportive measures; Education, training,
livelihoods, Case Management are required
Sometimes Counseling, Legal Aid & Police Protection

21. Child Labour Monitoring
Determine the presence of children in child labour
Determine the forms of child labour and risks
Verification of school attendance of withdrawn
children
Verification of work improvements on the work sites
Tracking system to track children who have been
withdrawn
Case management as and when required
Internal Monitoring: by employers to identify,
remove and prevent child labour and
External monitoring: by independent 3rd party

22. Group Work
Group A. Policy
Group B. Advocacy Campaign
Group C. Project Interventions
Group D. Good Practices (HRD and CL)
Group E. CLM

23. Thank you for your time!