2. National Cancer Institute
• A smoker's risk of cancer is 2-10
times greater than a nonsmoker's
risk, depending on how much a
person has smoked
• Lung cancer is the leading cause of
cancer deaths for both men and
women.
3. American Lung Association
• Nearly 4,000 children under the age
of 18 begin smoking each day in the
United States
• Nearly 1,100 of these will become
regular smokers
4. Smoking is a risk factor for:
• Hypertension
• Heart disease
• Peripheral vascular disease
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD)
• Cancer of the:
– lung, colon, larynx, oral cavity,
esophagus, bladder, pancreas, kidney.
5. • Smoking worsens such conditions as
– Respiratory infections
– Peptic ulcers
– Hiatal hernia
– Gastroesophageal reflux
6. Not Smoking
• Promotes health by:
– Increasing exercise tolerance
– Enhancing taste bud function
– Avoiding facial wrinkles
– Avoiding bad breath
7. Smoking Prevention Education
• Should begin during childhood
• Should be stressed during
adolescence (a time when peer
modeling and confusion over self-
image may lead to smoking)
8. • Smoking cessation can be
accomplished through an
individualized, multidimensional
program.
9. Smoking Cessation
• Information on the short- and long-
term health effects of smoking
10. Smoking Cessation
• Practical behavior-modification
techniques to help break the habit
11. Providing Oral Stimulation
– Gum chewing
– Snacking on carrot and celery
sticks
– Sucking on mints and hard candy
13. – Avoiding coffee shops, bars, or
other situations that smokers
frequent
– Delaying each cigarette and
recording each cigarette in a log
before it is smoked
14. Incentive Plans
• Saving money for each cigarette
not smoked
• Rewarding oneself when a goal
is reached
15. Smoking Cessation
• Use of medications designed to reduce
physical dependence and minimize
withdrawal symptoms
– Nicotine chewing gum
– Nasal spray
– Inhaler system
– Transdermal patches
16. Smoking Cessation
– Oral medication (bupropion)
• Acts on neurotransmitters in the central
nervous system, and varenicline, a
selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
partial agonist
17. Smoking Cessation
• Use of support groups
• Frequent reinforcement
• Follow-up
• Encourage additional attempts if relapse
occurs
18. References:
• National Cancer Institute. (2007). Prevention and cessation of
cigarette smoking: Control of tobacco use. U.S. National
Institutes of Health.
• Available:
www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/prevention/control-of-
tobacco-use/patient/allpages
• Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
(2005). Results from the 2004 National Survey on Drug Use
and Health: (Office of Applied Studies, NSDUH Series H-27,
DHHS Publication No. SMA 05-4061).
• Available:
http://oas.samhsa.gov/NSDUH/2k4nsduh/2k4Results/2k4Resul
ts/pdf
