2. Escola Básica e Secundária de Fajões
2011/2012
Former: Lúcia Santos
Forming: Ricardo Oliveira
3. Introduction
In this project work will tell you the evolution of Computer,. The computer
today for young people is a common tool practically indispensable, because of
games, social networks, etc. but was not always so, quite the contrary. let's
see how it all began.
5. ENIAC - 1947
65 years ago, it was announced the first electronic digital computer for large
scale: the ENIAC (Electrical Numerical Integrator and Calculator). The
computer was created in February 1946 by the American scientists John
Presper Eckert and John W. Mauchly, the Electronic Control Company.
At the time, ENIAC stood out to perform 5000 operations per second. Today,
compared to today's computers, the ENIAC's processing power would be
lower than that of a simple pocket calculator.
6. ENIAC - 1947
The computer began to be made in 1943 during the Second World War to
assist the U.S. military to do ballistic calculations.
7. EDVAC - 1949
EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Computer) created by Mauchly and
Eckert, despite being more modern, but occupied the same space as the
ENIAC, however, he was a hundred times more internal memory.
The instructions were no longer passed to the computer by wire or
valves, they were on an electronic device called delay line. This device was a
tube with several crystals to electronic pulses that reflect back and forth very
slowly.
8. EDVAC - 1949
EDVAC was intended to accelerate the construction work programs as well
as storing data in its internal memory expansion.
9. EDSAC - 1949
In 1949, there is the EDSAC - Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator,
which marked the last big step in a series of breakthroughs inspired by the
war.
Its inventor was the English scientist - Maurice Wilkes, the EDSAC was the
first computer operating on a large scale that can store your own programs.
10. LEO - 1954
The trade in computers began in England in an unusual place. In 1947 he was
made a pioneering decision: try to build a computer that could use the office
work.
It would be the first computer to be marketed in the world. This creative
decision came from J. Lyons, the company that owns a network of tea shops,
in fact, J. Lyons had a tradition of innovation in administrative methods,
introduced calculating machines in its stores in 1896, around 1930, he
experimented transactions recorded on microfilm.
11. LEO - 1954
LEO (Lyons Electronic Office), which was the result of a partnership between
J. Lyons and the University of Cambridge, was therefore designed to meet
these needs, but only became operational on February 9, 1954, when
calculating the payroll of 1700 staff members.
12. UNIVAC - 1952
John Mauchly and Presper Eckert opened a firm in Philadelphia and created
UNIVAC - Universal Automatic Computer, which was intended for
commercial use.
It was an electronic stored-program machine he received instructions from a
high-speed magnetic tape instead of punched cards. The UNIVAC was used
to predict the outcome of a presidential election.
13. IBM 701 - 1953
IBM starts to dominate the computer market to build their commercial-scale
scientific computers with the launch of the IBM 701 in 1953.
From the creation of technical printed circuit computers might decrease a
little more size. The printed circuit boards are used in electrical connection
between the various existing components in an electronic circuit. The printed
circuit board connections were made on a rigid board, very stable.
14. IBM 701 - 1953
Before, these connections were made through wires and brackets, which
caused instability and poor contact.
15. IBM 650 - 1954
The IBM 650 computer was made publicly available by IBM in the USA in
December 1954. Media 1.5 m X 0.9 m X 1.8 m with a weight of 892 kg
The IBM 650 was designed for commercial and scientific problem solving. The
company projected sales of 50 copies (more than all the world's computers
together) - which was considered an exaggeration.
16. IBM 650 - 1954
Despite the pessimism, in 1958, two IBM 650 thousand units were scattered
throughout the world. The IBM 650 was able to do in a second 1300 addition
and multiplication of 100 ten-digit numbers.
18. ATLAS, IBM 1401 e IBM 7094 - 1962
In 1962 was first used magnetic disks to store information in the Atlas
computer.
The first computers to use transistors were fully IBM 1401 and IBM
7094, which together have sold over 10,000 units.
ATLAS
IBM 1401
19. ATLAS, IBM 1401 e IBM 7094 - 1962
At the time, besides being huge, huge computers used magnetic tape drives for
storing information, and punch card systems, where the information that they
wanted to go to the computer were marked by holes made in card - the
extremely time consuming.
Obviously such magnetic disks were still far from being like magnetic disks as
we know it today.
IBM 7094
21. IBM 360 - 1964
One of the first computers to use integrated circuits was the IBM 360,
released in 1964.
Very advanced for its time, made all the other computers were considered
completely useless, so that IBM sold more than 30,000 computers.
22. Mouse - 1968
Today it seems impossible to tamper with the computer without the help of a
mouse, right? Thanks to Douglas Engelbart created by him, after having spent
five years developing this essential computer equipment.
The funny thing is that the first mouse was made of wood. Moreover, this was
only a first mouse button and moved on small wheels.
23. Mouse - 1968
But common people only had access to a mouse long after, in 1982, when
Apple launched the company's famous system of "point and click." That same
year they created two mouse buttons.
24. Apple II - 1977
The first computer more like the ones we have at home or in school appeared
in 1977. It was the Apple II, created by an American Steve Jobs, Apple owns
the company.
The Apple II was similar to today's computers, it was easy to connect, move
and carry. These personal computers became known as PC (Personal
Computer).
26. IBM-PC - 1981
In 1981, IBM launched the PC-5150, the predecessor of all today's computers.
He was 64 Kbytes of memory and speed of 4.77 MHz.
The operating system was MS-DOS software was used by the PC-
5150, developed by Microsoft, which led to an alliance between IBM and
Microsoft.
27. Osborne I - 1982
In 1982, journalist specializing in microcomputers Adam Osborne founded his
company and launched the Osborne I, and so was created the first notebook in
the world.
28. Gavilan – 1981/1984
Between 1981 and 1984 came the Gavilan, which introduced concepts more
similar to today's portable. In terms of design the keyboard and the opening of
the screen are almost identical.
It was also the first to run with Nickel Cadmium batteries with a battery life
of 9 hours and a whopping 4kg weight.
29. Since then many other models have emerged but the concept was
launched, and there only. Until a very few years, the giant mobile storage
unit, batteries and hard drives, limited the size and weight reduction. As the
industry was producing practical and economic options, the models have
evolved to the level of today.
