The endocrine system consists of glands that release hormones to regulate bodily functions. The major glands include the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, pancreas, adrenal glands, and gonads. Each gland produces specific hormones that target other glands or body systems to perform functions like calcium regulation, metabolism, growth, and reproduction. Hormones travel through the bloodstream and act through receptor pathways or nuclear receptors in cells.
Final course module for may 2010 pharmacology-iii - copy - copy
Endocrine system
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2. Controls many body functions - exerts control by releasing special chemical substances into the blood called hormones - Hormones affect other endocrine glands or body systems Consists of several glands located in various parts of the body. 1.Pituitary gland
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9. Alpha ( ) cells release glucagon , essential for controlling blood glucose levels. When blood glucose levels fall, cells the amount of glucagon in the blood. Beta Cells ( ) release insulin (antagonistic to glucagon). Insulin the rate at which various body cells take up glucose. Thus, insulin lowers the blood glucose level. Delta Cells ( ) produce somatostatin , which inhibits both glucagon and insulin.
17. Stimuli which cause growth hormone release Fasting Hypoglycaemia Exercise Stress Gh secretion is ↓ by ↑ in plasma free fatty acids High dose of glucocorticoids β adrenergic agonist Gh secretion is ↑ by 5HT agonist α adrenergic agonist
19. Synthetic octapeptide of somatostatin 40 times more potent Long acting Use Acromegaly Secretory diarrhoeas associated with carcinoids, AIDS, cancer chemotherapy