1. CHAPTER
15
Chemical and Phase
Equilibrium

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FIGURE 15-1
A reaction
chamber that
contains a
mixture of CO2,
CO, and O2 at a
specified
temperature and
pressure.
15-1

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FIGURE 15-2
Equilibrium criteria
for a chemical
reaction that takes
place adiabatically.
15-2

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FIGURE 15-3
A control mass
undergoing a chemical
reaction at a specified
temperature and
pressure.
15-3

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FIGURE 15-4
Criteria for chemical
equilibrium at a
specified temperature
and pressure.
15-4

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FIGURE 15-5
An infinitesimal reaction in a
chamber at constant temperature
and pressure.
15-5

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FIGURE 15-7
Three equivalent Kp relations
for reacting ideal-gas mixtures.
15-6

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FIGURE 15-9
The larger the KP,
the more complete
the reaction.
15-7

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FIGURE 15-10
The presence of inert
gases does not affect
the equilibrium
constant, but it does
affect the equilibrium
composition.
15-8

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FIGURE 15-11
Equilibrium-constant
relation for the
ionization reaction of
hydrogen.
15-9

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FIGURE 15-14
The number of KP relations needed to
determine the equilibrium
composition of a reacting mixture is
the difference between the number of
species and the number of elements.
15-10

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FIGURE 15-16
Exothermic
reactions are less
complete at higher
temperatures.
15-11

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FIGURE 15-18
A liquid–vapor mixture in
equilibrium at a constant
temperature and pressure.
15-12

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FIGURE 15-20
A multicomponent
multiphase system is in
phase equilibrium when
the specific Gibbs
function of each
component is the same in
all phases.
15-13

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FIGURE 15-21
Equilibrium
diagram for the
two-phase mixture
of oxygen and
nitrogen at 0.1 MPa.
15-14

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FIGURE 15-22
Unlike temperature,
the mole fraction of
species on the two
sides of a liquid–gas
(or solid–gas or
solid–liquid)
interface are usually
not the same.
15-15

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FIGURE 15-23
Dissolved gases in a
liquid can be driven
off by heating the
liquid.
15-16