childhood schizophrenia and depression

1. CHILDHOOD SCHIZOPHRENIA
AND DEPRESSION

2. CHILDHOOD
SCHIZOPHRENIA

3. Definition
• Childhood schizophrenia is a severe
brain disorder in which children
interpret reality abnormally.
Schizophrenia involves a range of
problems with thinking (cognitive),
behavior or emotions.

4. Causes
• Unknown
• Brain disorders
• Genetics and environment
• Problems with neurotransmitters
• Difference in brain structure

5. Risk factors
• Family history of schizophrenia
• Exposure to viruses, toxins or
malnutrition while in the womb
• Abnormal activation of the immune
system
• Older age of the father
• Taking psychoactive drugs during teen
years

6. Onset
• symptoms start in the late teens to the
mid-30s
• Early-onset schizophrenia occurs in
children younger than age 17
• Very early-onset schizophrenia in
children younger than age 13.

7. Clinical Features
Early signs and symptoms
• Language delays
• Late or unusual crawling
• Late walking
• Other abnormal motor behaviors

8. Contd…..
Symptoms in teenagers
Withdrawal from friends and family
A drop in performance at school
Trouble sleeping
Irritability or depressed mood
Lack of motivation
Strange behavior

9. Contd…
Teens may be:
• Less likely to have delusions
• More likely to have visual hallucinations

10. Contd…
Later signs and symptoms
• Hallucinations.
• Delusions.
• Disorganized thinking (speech).
• Disorganized or abnormal motor
behavior.
• Negative symptoms.

11. Diagnostic Measures
• Child's medical and psychiatric history
• Conduct a physical examination
• Medical and psychological screenings
• Review school records.

12. Tests and screenings.
• Blood tests
• Imaging studies, such as magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) or
computerized tomography (CT)
• Electroencephalogram (EEG)

13. Psychological evaluation
• Observe appearance and demeanor
• Asking about thoughts, feelings and
behavior patterns
• Talking to child about any thoughts of
self-harm or harming others
• Evaluate the ability to think and function
at an age-appropriate level
• Assessing mood, anxiety and possible
psychotic symptoms.

14. Diagnostic criteria
• Hallucinations
• Delusions
• Disorganized speech
• Disorganized behavior
• Catatonic behavior, which can range
from a coma-like daze to bizarre,
hyperactive behavior
• Negative symptoms, which relate to
lack of or reduced ability to function
normally

15. Treatment
• Medications
• Individual and family therapy
• Social and academic skills training
• Hospitalization
• Lifestyle and home remedies

16. Complications
• Poor performance or inability to attend
school or work
• Inability to perform daily activities, such
as bathing or dressing
• Withdrawal from friends and family
• Suicide
• Self-injury
• Anxiety and phobias
• Depression

17. Contd…
• Abuse of alcohol, drugs or prescription
medications
• Poverty
• Homelessness
• Family conflicts
• Inability to live independently
• Health problems
• Being a victim of aggressive behavior
• Aggressive behavior

18. CHILDHOOD
DEPRESSION

19. DEFINITION
• Being unable to enjoy activities that
they once enjoyed, complaining about
physical ailments, or may seem bored
and have problems concentrating,
among other symptoms.

20. INCIDENCE
• Each year depression affects 17 million
people of all age groups, races, and
economic backgrounds
• 1 in every 33 children may have
depression
• In teens, that number may be as high
as 1 in 8

21. CAUSES
• Lowered levels of neurotransmitters in
the brain
• Genetics
• Significant life events
• Stress
• Chronic illness.

22. TYPES
• Major depression
• Dysthymia
• Bipolar disorder

23. CLINICAL FEATURES
• Changes in appetite
• Changes in sleep
• Continuous feelings of sadness or
hopelessness
• Difficulty concentrating
• Fatigue and low energy
• Feelings of worthlessness or guilt

24. Contd..
• Impaired thinking or concentration
• Increased sensitivity to rejection
• Irritability or anger
• Physical complaints
• Reduced ability to function
• Social withdrawal
• Thoughts of death or suicide
• Vocal outbursts or crying.

25. DIAGNOSTIC MEASURES
• History
• Mental status examination
• Laboratory tests
• Imaging studies
 X-ray, scan, or other imaging study

26. TREATMENT
• Addressing any medical conditions
• Supportive therapy
• Psychotherapy
Interpersonal therapy
Cognitive behavioral therapy
• Complementary therapies
• Medications

27. Complications
• Poor academic performance
• Engaging in alcohol and drug abuse
• Job disruptions
• Family and other social upheaval
during adulthood.

28. 3. National Regulations
Assessment and ratings
Thank you...Thank you...

29. Questions?