2. What is Ubiquity?
Defined as the existence or apparent existence
everywhere at the same time; omnipresence
More or less means that a piece of technology is used by
people all around the world.
3. SOAP
• Simple Object Access Protocol
• Effective communication
• XML, HTTP, SMTP
• 3 main parts:
-Envelope
-Set of encoding rules
-Convention
5. SOAP Pros & Cons
Advantages:
-Versatile
-Tunnels over firewalls & proxies
Disadvantages:
-Slower than competing technologies
-Only one party can use services of the other
6. What is XML?
Extensible Markup Language is a set of rules used to encode data.
Data is encoded inside of tags used to describe each data
component.
<example>This is a sample of how to encode data in
XML</example>
7. What makes XML Ubiquitous?
Unicode Language:
<俄语>данные</俄语>
Basis of many coding languages
Many APIs are created to read/write to and from XML
syntax
Commonly used applications have version that employ
open source XML formats
9. Ubiquity In API/GUI
• Found in many devices
• Phones
• Computers
• MP3 players
• Uniform User interface
• Easier, more efficient
10. Ubiquity in Security
Many people use security in
phones, computers, and their homes
Negative Outcomes
Easy to bypass a uniform system
Security must be unique, and will not be
if ubiquitous
Many different types of security
systems
SOAP stands for Simple Object Access Protocol. It is used in the exchange of structured information in the implementation of Web Services in computer networks. It allows for effective communication between two electronic devices over a network. SOAP relies on XML for its message format and also relies on for message negotiation and transmission. SOAP consists of three parts that work together in the transmission of data. The first part is the envelope, which defines what is in the message and determines how to process it. The second part is a set of encoding rules for expressing instances of application-defined data types. The last part is a convention for representing procedure calls and responses. The diagram seen below is a conceptual representation of how SOAP works.
There are three main characteristics of SOAP that contribute to its ubiquity. Extensibility is the first characteristic, with security and Web service routing as the extensions under development for SOAP. Neutrality is another important feature, as SOAP can be used over any transport protocol such as HTTP, SMTP, or even TCP. The third feature is independence, as SOAP allows for any programming model to operate.
One of the advantages of SOAP is that it is versatile enough to allow for the use of different transport protocols. Standard SOAP stacks use HTTP, but Java Message Service (JMS) and SMTP are also viable options. Another advantage is that since SOAP travels fine in the HTTP get/response model, it can tunnel easily over firewalls and proxies without modifications to the protocol and can use existing infrastructures.One disadvantage of SOAP is that due to the verbosity of XML, SOAP can be slower than competing middleware technologies like CORBA, which stands for Common Object Request Broker Architecture. Another disadvantage is comes from relying on HTTP and not using Web Services Addressing or an Enterprise Service Bus (ESB). This makes the roles of interacting parties fixed, so that only one party, the client, can use the services of the other. In these common cases, developers must use polling instead of notifications.
Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a markup language created by the World Wide Web Consortium as a uniform way of transferring data. XML uses tags <> to separate and describe various pieces of data. The tags can be customized to say whatever is required to describe the data, unlike HTML which has a predefined set of tags to use.
Unicode Language: XML is a Unicode language, which means that almost any character can be used. This means that XML can transcend language barriers, as you could have multiple languages in the same XML file. (Chinese and Cyrillic)XML is used as the basis of hundreds of code languages, including XHTML, SOAP, WSDL, and RSS.APIs are created to read a confusing XML file into a format that is easier for a user to comprehend. They can also be used to allow the user to enter the data they need and then have it converted into the XML syntax required.Many applications have built around XML format
Office Open XML – zipped XML based file format used to represent spreadsheets, charts, presentations, and word documents.OpenOffice – Developed by Sun, uses XML based format similar to Office Open XMLiWork – Keynote = Powerpoint, Pages = Word, Numbers = Excel
Ubiquity plays a large part in GUI’s, because of the uniform omnipresence that they come with. Anyone who has a smart phone, a computer, or any of the products listed above, uses a GUI. This easy access and availability makes creating one uniform user interface that will be the future standard for GUI’s easier and effective. An API, or application program interface, is a particular set of rules or code, and specifications that software programscan follow to communicate with each other. It serves as an interface between different software programs and facilitates their interaction, similar to the way the user interfacefacilitates interaction between humans and computers. This process of communication between software creates a unified, ubiquitous system.
Security does have some ubiquitous aspects. It is used by many people on phones, homes and other related items. It can also be used by many people to get a job. However, there are many different forms of security, such as finger print scanning, eye retina recognition, or password security. The multitude of different user recognition software is what makes security effective. If security, in relation to homes or computers, were to become uniform and ubiquitous, it would be very easy to bypass whatever obstacles the security presented.
Ubiquitous network access allow people to access andexchange information anytime and anywhere. You can do this using:Wi-Fi: With Wi-Fi, people can access the Internet pretty much anywhere. Hotspots: Mobile hotspots are small devices that provide Internet access to Wi-Fi enabled devices at the same time. The new iPhone has an Wi-Fi hotspot feature that lets you connect your computers and devices to the Internet using the Cellular Data connection on your iPhone. Routers: Can connect several computer devices to the Internet.Picture: Represent Japan’s future ubiquitous network access. Everyone can do anything they want anytime and place through technology.
The future of physical devices such as smart phones, computers, mp3 players, and cameras is one with seamless integration between human interaction as well as interaction between each physical device. Interaction will become effortless as physical devices will be able to share information with one another by simply touching or swiping a surface. This new surface technology will surround us in our day-to-day lives and will allow us to access and share information everywhere we go.
Institutions like MIT have been developing interactive environments such as smart kitchens for example that create an interface that allows more then one person and multiple devises at a time to interact with each other. Microsoft is also innovating Surface technology with the advent of their Surface computer that allows a multi touch surface that responds to natural hand gestures as well as real world objects and electronic devices to interact with the surface computer.
In order for Surface technologies to develop and continue to advance Cloud computing is going to need to increase in ability. The Cloud uses wireless storage via the internet and an outside storage site to allow physical devices to access storage and information. Cloud computing is going to need to be available for all devices if surface technology is going to be a real possibility. However this is already happening as most of the new devices such as smartphones and laptops come cloud ready.
