Structural equation modeling was used to examine the interrelationship between indicators of work absenteeism and presenteeism. The study found that work engagement was negatively associated with both absenteeism and presenteeism, meaning higher levels of work engagement led to lower levels of absenteeism and presenteeism. Health problems were positively associated with absenteeism and presenteeism, indicating worse health led to increased rates of missing work and reduced productivity while at work.

1. Structural Equation Modelling

2. Interrelationship between indicators of work absenteeism/presenteeism