Encoding changing country codes in RDF with ISO 3166 and SKOS

Jakob Voss Encoding changing country codes in RDF with ISO 3166 and SKOS 2 nd International Conference on Metadata and Semantics Research Ionian Academy, Corfu

SKOS
S imple K nowledge O rganisation S ystem
2006-2008: W3C Recommendation (not yet!)
RDF Vocabulary (defined classes & properties)
"literal"@language
subject a class ;
property object ;
property "literal"@language .

SKOS: Use cases
Many subject indexing schemes exist
Thesauri, classifications, taxonomies, subject headings...
Little of them on the Semantic Web => Use SKOS!
New use case in this paper: Authority file and norm (ISO 3166)

ISO 3166
Coding names of countries and subdivisions
Three parts (ISO 3166-1, -2, -3)
Not the only system of country codes!
Frequently refered to, but
no URI identifiers
no specific version (countries change!)
no integration into the Semantic Web

ISO 3166: Example France is a country that is divided in metropolian departements which are grouped in metropolitan regions .

ISO 3166: Grouping
iso3166: a skos:ConceptScheme ;
skos:member iso3166-1: ;
skos:member iso3166-2: .
iso3166-2:FR: a skos:ConceptScheme ; skos:member iso3166-2:FR-regions ; skos:member iso3166-2:FR-departements . iso3166-2: a skos:ConceptScheme ; skos:member iso3166-2-FR: .

ISO 3166: Concepts
iso3166-1:FR a skos:Concept ;
skos:prefLabel "France"@en ;
skos:prefLabel "FR"@zxx ;
skos:narrower iso3166-2:FR-E .
iso3166-2:FR-E a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Bretagne"@en ; skos:prefLabel "FR-E"@zxx ; skos:broader iso3166-1:FR . Title Notation

ISO 3166: Hierarchical Relations
iso3166-1:FR
iso3166-2:FR-E skos:broader iso3166-2:FR-29 iso3166-2:FR-56

Changes
Countries/Subdivisions change
Updates published in ISO Newsletters
Outdated ISO 3166- 1 codes => ISO 3166- 3
Types of changes
creation and vanishing
Split, join
combined split & join (moving area)
change of name/identity
Retrieval model: see Kauppinen and Hyvönen

Changes: Example
ISO-3166-2:CA changed in Newsletter I-1 , I-2 , and I-4

Changes: Example
Provide unique URIs

Changes: Example
Provide unique URIs
Provide mappings
skos:narrowMatch/broadMatch skos:narrowMatch/broadMatch skos:exactMatch skos:exactMatch

Changes: Example
Provide unique URIs
Provude Mappings
Provide Referencing via Revision

What needs to be done
ISO needs
URI for each (sub)country code and version
publish country codes in SKOS
SKOS needs
notations, grouping, versioning
Semantic Web needs
more public available data
easy usage of identifiers/ontologies
people will do the rest!

Encoding changing country codes in RDF with ISO 3166 and SKOS

by Jakob . on Oct 10, 2007

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