This is a research topic carried out in the Emergency Department and the abstract was presented at the International Conference In Emergency Medicine in SanFrancisco April 2008

1. A STUDY ON THE USE OF CAPNOMETRY IN ACUTE DYSPNEIC PATIENT IN EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT HOSPITAL UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA 12TH. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EMERGENCY MEDICINE SAN FRANCISCO, USA 3RD - 6TH APRIL 2008 AF Mamat (MD,MMed) 1, R Ahmad 2 (MD, Mmed) Nik HNA Rahman 3 (MBChB, MMed) (Emergency Physicians) 1 Accident & Emergency Department, Hospital Kuala Lumpur 2Lecturer in Emergency Medicine, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia 3 Head of Department of Emergency Medicine, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Malaysia. Tel: 00609-766 3000, Fax: 00609-765 3370 Email: nhliza@hotmail.com

12. METHODOLOGY

14. RESULTS 10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80-90 Age group (years) Percentage mean age of 54.19 and SD of 17.38 years There were 100 males (66.7%) and 50 females (33.3%) in this study

15. Hypertension Heart disease Asthma/COAD Diabetes mellitus None Types of premorbid condition Percentage Percentage Red Yellow Green (Triage Category) RESULTS

16. Other investigations done on patients RESULTS 23 34 Urine analysis 8.7 13 Abdominal Radiograph (AXR) 39 58 Echocardiography (ECHO) 12 18 Abdominal Ultrasound 97 146 Chest radiograph (CXR) 90 135 Blood tests 98.7 148 Electrocardiogram (ECG) Percentage (%) patients (n) Investigations 8 12 Painkiller drugs 16 24 Central Venous line 44.7 67 Bronchodilator drugs 18 27 Steroids 6.7 10 insulin 12.7 28 Inotrope drugs 41.3 62 Diuretic drugs 24.4 54 Sedative drugs 32 48 Iv isoket 59.3 89 Urinary catheter 100 150 Intravenous lines/drips 100 150 Oxygen(O2) Percentage (%) Patients (n) Treatment and therapeutic interventions

17. RESULTS Diagnosis or etiology of dyspnoea in study population 100 150 Total 6.7 10 Functional (hyperventilation,anxiety) 0.7 1 Poisoning 2.7 4 Hematology disorder 1.3 2 Epilepsy 2.7 4 Diabetic ketoacidosis 6 9 Sepsis 10.7 16 Cerebrovascular accident 4 6 Chest trauma 14 21 Pneumonia 25.3 38 Acute Coronary Syndrome 12.7 19 Asthma 13.3 20 Acute Pulmonary edema Percentage (%) Number of patients Causes of Dyspnoea

18. RESULTS significance level of p<0.05 0.005 0.370 0.074 30.4(6.95) 32.6(11.4) 29 Temperature (febrile) 0.113 0.000 0.336 29.5(7.5) 31.8(7.3) 107 Nonpulmonary 0.113 0.000 -.336 31.0(10.3) 40.3(16.6) 43 Pulmonary 0.544 0.000 -.738 36.8(11.5) 50.3(13) 32 Hypercapnia 0.544 0.000 0.738 28.1(6.2) 29.9(5.4) 118 Hypocapnia 0.029 0.037 0.171 27.9(6.3) 30.2(7) 28 Alkalosis 0.062 0.02 -.248 29.5(13.4) 40.6(21.8) 25 Acidotic 0.512 0.000 0.716 29.9(8.4) 34.3(11.4) 150 All r 2 P Perason correlation ETCO2 PCO2 N tests Metabolic disturbances

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