This document discusses programming language trends and career opportunities. It analyzes data from sites like Stack Overflow, GitHub, and LinkedIn to determine the most in-demand languages in 2022 and predictions for 2023. The top 6 languages are Python, JavaScript, Java, C#, C++, and PHP. To become a software engineer, one needs 1-2 years of study focusing on coding skills, algorithms, software concepts, and languages/technologies while building practical projects and gaining experience through internships or jobs.
1. https://softuni.org
Which Languages Give Best Career Opportunities?
JavaScript, Java, Python, C#, C++, PHP or Others?
Programming Languages: Trends for 2023
Svetlin Nakov, PhD
Co-Founder, Innovation and
Inspiration Manager at SoftUni
https://nakov.com
2. 2
Software engineer, tech trainer, entrepreneur
author of 16 books
nakov.com
4 successful tech education initiatives
National Academy for Software
Development (NASD) – 2004
Telerik Software Academy – 2009
SoftUni (Software University) – 2014
IT High School "SoftUni Svetlina" – 2018
About Svetlin Nakov
3. The Most Used Programming Languages in 2022:
Python, Java, JavaScript, C#, C++, PHP
Jobs by Programming Languages in 2022:
Jobs Worldwide by Programming Language
Jobs in Bulgaria by Programming Language
Programming Languages Trends for 2023
Language Popularity Rankings from Stack Overflow,
GitHub, PYPL, IEEE, TIOBE, Etc.
Become a Software Developer: How To Start?
Agenda
5. JavaScript
Mainstream Languages and Frameworks
5
Best for: front-end apps, cross-platform UI, back-end apps
Comes with: HTML + CSS + front-end technologies (HTML, CSS, React,
Angular, VueJS), JS back-end (Node.js, Express, MongoDB), TypeScript
Best for: enterprise apps, back-end apps, Web apps, Android apps
Comes with: Spring Framework, Java EE, Hibernate, MySQL /
PostgreSQL + front-end (HTML, CSS, React) + Docker and cloud
Best for: data science, machine learning, AI, Web development, DevOps
Comes with: data science toolkits, Jupiter, NumPy, TensorFlow, PyTorch,
Django / Flask, MySQL / PostgreSQL, HTML + CSS + JS, Docker and cloud
Java
Python
6. C# / .NET
Best for: back-end apps, Web apps, enterprise applications, desktop apps
Comes with: .NET Core, ASP.NET Core, Entity Framework, SQL Server, front-
end technologies (HTML, CSS, JS front-end, React), Docker and cloud
C++
Best for: embedded / IoT development, graphics and game development,
finance, system programming, high-performance back-end computing
Comes with: STL, Boost, CMake, glibc, Qt, Unreal Engine, Linux, Docker
PHP
Best for: server-side Web apps, dynamic Web sites, e-commerce projects
Comes with: MySQL, PHP frameworks (Laravel, Symfony, CodeIgniter),
front-end technologies (HTML, CSS, JS front-end, React), WordPress
Mainstream Languages and Frameworks (2)
6
7. TypeScript – strongly-typed JavaScript, less prone to errors, good
for big and complex projects, used in Angular and Next.js
Swift – modern general-purpose language, mostly used on the
Apple's ecosystem (iOS, macOS, alternative to Objective C)
Kotlin – simplified syntax for the Java and Android ecosystem
Scala – rich functional programming for the Java ecosystem
Go – modern highly-efficient server-side development language
(alternative to C++)
Rust – multi-paradigm back-end language designed for
performance and safety (alternative to C++)
Less Popular Languages
7
8. Ruby – dynamic language, build for simplicity and productivity
(mostly for back-end Web apps, alternative to PHP and Python)
C – language for system programming and low-level
development (for embedded and kernel-level devs)
R – specialized language for statistics and data analytics
Perl – old-fashioned powerful back-end language
Dart – front-end language for building UI with Flutter
Visual Basic – scripting for Windows (slowly disappearing)
Others: Assembly, MATLAB, Objective-C, Elixir, Lua, Delphi, …
Less Popular / Specialized Languages
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9. 9
Many tech languages are not real programming languages!
SQL: database query and manipulation language
PL/SQL, Transact SQL, etc. – more powerful, still DB specialized
HTML and CSS: visualize Web content (text + images + links)
XML, JSON and YAML: represent, store and transport data
Bash / PowerShell: system administration scripting tools
HCL: describe and configure virtual infrastructure (IaC)
Non-Programming Tech Languages
10. The Most Wanted Languages in 2022
Programming Languages by Jobs
11. 11
LinkedIn Jobs Worldwide (Nov 2022):
Java ⟶ 2.20M results
Python ⟶ 2.15M results
JavaScript ⟶ 2.02M results
C# ⟶ 0.44M results
PHP ⟶ 0.30M results
C++ ⟶ 0.21M results
Go, Swift, Ruby ⟶ < 0.05M
LinkedIn Jobs Rankings by Language
12. 12
Jobs.BG dev jobs in Bulgaria (Nov 2022):
JavaScript ⟶ 893 jobs
Java ⟶ 782 jobs
Python ⟶ 626 jobs
C# ⟶ 367 jobs
PHP ⟶ 293 jobs
C/C++ ⟶ 283 jobs
Swift, Kotlin, Go, Ruby, Perl ⟶ 40-80 jobs
Jobs.BG Jobs Rankings by Language
13. 13
Dev.BG Jobs in Bulgaria (Nov 2022):
JavaScript ⟶ 710 jobs
Java ⟶ 464 jobs
C# ⟶ 290 jobs
PHP ⟶ 202 jobs
C++ ⟶ 140 jobs
Python ⟶ 128 jobs
Swift, Kotlin, Go⟶ 40-60 jobs
Dev.BG Jobs Rankings by Language
14. 14
LinkedIn BG ranking by programming language for Bulgaria
(Nov 2022):
Java ⟶ 3564
JavaScript ⟶ 3308
Python ⟶ 3557
C# ⟶ 955
PHP ⟶ 683
C++ ⟶ 803
Ranking for Bulgaria: LinkedIn BG
15. The Most Popular Languages in 2022
Programming Languages Rankings
16. 16
Stack Overflow all time questions asked by tag (Nov 2022)
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/java
JavaScript ⟶ 2.45M questions
Java ⟶ 1.88M questions
Python ⟶ 2.07M questions
C# ⟶ 1.57M questions
PHP ⟶ 1.45M questions
C++ ⟶ 0.78M questions
Stack Overflow: Questions Tagged by Lang
18. 18
Top languages in GitHub (Octoverse 2022 report):
#1: JavaScript
#2: Python
#3: Java
#4: TypeScript
#5: C#
#6: C++
#7: PHP
GitHub Ranking by Language
19. 19
PYPL PopularitY of Programming Language: how often language
tutorials are searched on Google
PYPL ranking (Nov 2022)
#1: Python
#2: Java
#3: JavaScript
#4: C#
#5: C++
#6: PHP
PYPL: Programming Languages by Google Trends
20. 20
IEEE Spectrum top languages rankings:
Mix of metrics: Google, GitHub, Twitter,
Stack Overflow, Reddit, IEEE, others
IEEE top languages by jobs (Nov 2022):
#1: Java
#2: Python
#3: JavaScript
#4: C#
#5: C
#6: C++
IEEE Programming Language Rankings
21. 21
TIOBE Index (Nov 2022): programming languages on the search
engines (Google, Bing, Baidu, Amazon, others):
#1: Python
#2: C
#3: Java
#4: C++
#5: C#
#6: Visual Basic
#7: JavaScript
TIOBE: Languages on Search Engines
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Top 6 mainstream programming languages for 2023:
Python
JavaScript
Java
C#
C++
PHP
Less popular languages: Ruby, Scala, Perl
What to Expect in 2023?
Non-mainstream languages for 2023:
Go, Rust (high-performance)
Swift, Kotlin (mobile development)
Dart (Flutter framework)
R (for statistics)
C (replaced by C++)
25. First find out if programming is for you!
Sign up for the SoftUni free coding
course for beginners: https://softuni.bg
Or follow a tutorial / book / video course on the Internet
Does programming excite you?
Do you really like it and enjoy it?
Are you good at coding problems?
Do you want to write code all the time?
How do I Become a Software Engineer?
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26. To become a software engineer, you
need to study hard and consistently!
1-2 years @ part time (15-20 hours / week)
Or 1 year @ 8-10 hours daily
Developing practical projects
Write ~ 100K+ lines of code (LOC)
~ 100K LOC == 300 days * 350 LOC
Study Hard with a Lot of Practice
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27. 4 main groups of dev skills:
Coding skills – 20%
Algorithmic thinking – 30%
Fundamental software
development concepts – 25%
Programming languages and
software technologies – 25%
Learn the 4 of Fundamental Skills
27
Language-
independent skill
Language-
independent skill
Language-
independent skill
Language-
dependent!
28. 28
Basic Coding Course – calculations, data, conditions, loops, IDE
Fundamentals of Programming – arrays, lists, maps, nested structures,
text processing, error handling, basic language APIs, problem solving
Object-Oriented Programming – classes, objects, inheritance, …
Databases and ORM – relational DB, SQL, ORM frameworks, XML, JSON
Back-End Development – HTTP, MVC, Web apps, REST, Docker, Cloud
Front-End Development – HTML, CSS, JS, DOM, AJAX, JS Frameworks
Practical Projects – Git, software engineering, teamwork, DevOps
Example: https://softuni.bg/currocilum
Typical Curriculum for Developers
29. You need a portfolio of projects in GitHub!
Examples: https://github.com/YanaSlavcheva/SoftUni-Work,
github.com/hammer4/SoftUni, github.com/VasAtanasov
Show the employers your skills
How do you prove skills?
With a rich GitHub profile!
Start a job and gain experience
Build a Portfolio and Start a Job
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Learn more from my blog
➡ nakov.com/blog/2022/03