1. 4231
020001
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page.
Answer all the questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet. Where the space is not sufficient for
your answer, continue the answer at the back of the book, taking care to number the continuation
correctly.
INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES
The number of marks is given in brackets at the end of each question or part-question.
You are reminded that assessment will take into account the quality of written communication
used in your answers that involve extended writing.
SJJ*(S12-4231-02)
Surname
Other Names
Candidate
Number
0
Centre
Number
GCSE
4231/02
GEOGRAPHY
(Specification A)
HIGHER TIER
UNIT 1 Core Geography
A.M. THURSDAY, 14 June 2012
13
⁄4 hours
For Examiner’s use only
Question 1
Question 2
Question 3
Question 4
Question 5
Question 6
TOTAL
MARKS
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2. 2
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Examiner
only
Answer all questions.
Theme 1 – Water
1. (a) Study the photograph (below) and diagram opposite.
A
B
C
(i) In the box provided label landform A identified in the photograph. [1]
(ii) Explain how the river has created feature B. [2]
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3. (4231-02)
(iii) The diagram shows a cross-section from B to C in the photograph. Annotate this
diagram to explain how one river process is causing the outward migration of the
meander bend. [4]
Turn over.
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B C
Use evidence from the diagram to explain how people affect the flow of water in a
drainage basin. [2]
Key
Overland flow
Infiltration
Throughflow
Groundwater flow
(b) Study the diagram below.
Flow of water in a drainage basin
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4. (4231-02)
4 Examiner
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(c) Explain how a river landform(s) affects the lives of people who live along rivers.
Use one or more examples to illustrate your answer. [6]
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5. Turn over.
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5
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Theme 2 – Climate Change
2. (a) Study the graph below.
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) in the Atmosphere
1960
310.0
320.0
330.0
340.0
350.0
360.0
370.0
380.0
1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
CarbonDioxide
partspermillion(ppm)
(i) Describe the change in CO2 in the atmosphere between 1960 and 2010. [2]
(ii) Suggest reasons to explain why the total amount of CO2 has changed over time.
[3]
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6. (4231-02)
(b) Outline the likely positive and negative effects of climate change on the lives of people
who live in MEDCs such as the UK. [4]
Positive effects
Negative effects
6 Examiner
only
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7. 4231
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(c) Read the following newspaper article about Bangladesh, which is an LEDC.
Turn over.
7 Examiner
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Explain why climate change is likely to have a greater impact on the lives of people who
live in LEDCs, rather than people who live in MEDCs.
Use information from this article and your own knowledge to illustrate your answer.
[6]
Climate change and Bangladesh
Adapted from Md Saidur Rahman 2007
Rising sea levels is one of the most important issues humans will have to
grapple with in this century. The people who will be affected first live in places
with low-lying deltas like Bangladesh.
The increasing intensity of tropical storms and rising sea level are making it
impossible for people to live in some parts of the country. Millions of people
face the possibility of being among the first climate refugees. A one metre sea
level rise would flood more than 15 per cent of Bangladesh, forcing 13 million
people to leave their homes.
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8. 8
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Examiner
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Theme 3 – Living in an Active Zone
3. (a) Study the photograph and map below.
(i) Describe the location of Skjaldbreidur. [2]
(ii) Use the map and photograph to identify two pieces of evidence to suggest that the
photograph was taken at a constructive plate margin. [2]
1. ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................
2. ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................
Atlantic Ocean
Mid-Atlantic
Ridge
Mid-Atlantic
Ridge
EURASIAN
PLATE
NORTH AMERICAN
PLATE
ICELAND
0 50
Reykjavik
100km
Eyjafjallajokull
Volcano
Skjaldbreidur
Skjaldbreidur
Key: = Volcano
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9. (4231-02)
(iii) Explain the formation of any one landform found at constructive plate margins.
You must use a diagram to help your answer. [5]
Landform .......................................................................................................................................................................
Turn over.
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Explanation ..................................................................................................................................................................
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10. 10
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(b) Explain how the impact of earthquakes on people’s lives may be reduced. [6]
Use one or more examples to illustrate your answer.
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11. BLANK PAGE
(4231-02) Turn over.
11
4231
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12. 12
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Theme 4 – Changing Populations
4. (a) Study the bar chart below.
Change in World population by region 2005-2050
Least Developed
Countries
0 50–50
% Growth
100 150
USA
India
China
Europe
(i) The population of Least Developed Countries will grow 125% by 2050.
Add a bar to the graph to show this. [1]
(ii) By how much is India’s population predicted to grow between 2005 and 2050? [1]
.......................................................... %
(iii) Suggest reasons to explain the predicted population change in one other region
identified in the graph. [3]
Region .........................................................................................
Explanation
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13. (4231-02)
(b) Study the photograph below.
Hambleden - Buckinghamshire
Turn over.
13 Examiner
only
The picturesque village of Hambleden was bought in 2007 by new land owner
Mr Scharzenbach for £38m.
Using evidence in the photograph only, describe the attractions of living in rural areas
in MEDCs such as the UK. [4]
Reproduced from http://sobreinglaterra.com
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.

14. 14
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(c) Explain why many Western European countries face an increasingly ageing population.
Use one or more examples to illustrate your answer. [6]
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15. (4231-02)
Theme 5 – Globalisation
5. (a) Study the textbox and map below.
Turn over.
15 Examiner
only
Equator
Tropic of Cancer
Tropic of Capricorn
myspace orkut
Africa
Europe
Asia
Australasia
South
America
North
America
(i) Compare the distribution of countries in which myspace and orkut are the most
popular social networking website. [3]
Globalisation is when human activities increasingly take place on a worldwide scale
Countries in which the social networking sites myspace and orkut are the most popular.
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.

16. 16
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(ii) Explain how changes in technology have allowed increased globalisation of human
activities. [3]
(b) Study the graph below.
Indian Trans-National Company (TNC) Investments Abroad (1996-2005)
1996
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Millionsofdollars
Describe Indian TNC investments abroad between 1996 and 2005. [3]
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17. 17
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(c) Explain why some people who live in newly industrialised countries such as India or
China see globalisation as a threat.
Use one or more examples to illustrate your answer. [6]
Turn over.© WJEC CBAC Ltd.

18. 18
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Theme 6 – Development
6. (a) Study the textbox and scattergraph below.
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Mali
Chad Ivory Coast
Pakistan
India
Vietnam
Sri Lanka
Philippines
Bangladesh
Ghana
Kenya
Cambodia
Malawi
200
Countries in
Sub-Saharan Africa
500 1000 1500 2000
Countries in
South Asia
(i) Describe the relationship between GNI and under 5 mortality. [2]
(ii) Use the graph to describe the differences in under 5 mortality between countries
in Sub-Saharan Africa and countries in South Asia. [2]
under 5
mortality
GNI (US$)
GNI is a measure of the wealth of a country. It is usually measured in US Dollars (US$).
Under 5 mortality is the number of children who die before the age of 5 for every 1000 births.
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.

19. (4231-02)
(b) Study the map below.
Percentage of Children Completing Primary Education in sub-Saharan Africa
Turn over.
19 Examiner
only
Primary Education
Percentage of children
completing primary
education
less than 50%
50-69%
70-84%
85-94%
95% or more
no data
Tropic of Capricorn
Equator
N
(i) Describe the distribution of countries where less than 50% of children complete
primary education. [2]
(ii) Suggest why it is important that countries in sub-Saharan Africa improve the
education of girls in particular. [3]
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.

20. 20
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(c)
ExplainhowNGOscanhelpLEDCsachieveoneormoreoftheMillenniumDevelopment
Goals.
Use one or more examples to illustrate your answer. [6]
Oxfam is an example of a Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO) which
provides aid to countries in need of help.
End of Question 6
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21. Examiner
only
(4231-02)
For continuation only
21
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