LICH Landscape Hawaii Magazine Mar Apr 2014 Issue

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NEWS
WHATS HAPPENING
by Carol KWan
The Aloha Arborist Association (AAA)
is partnering with the Western Chapter
International Society of Arboriculture
(WCISA) to bring Tree Care Safety
workshops to Hawaii featuring inter-nationally
renowned expert, Dr. John
Ball, Professor of Forestry and Forest
Health Specialist at South Dakoda State
University. John worked in the tree care
industry prior to pursuing his doctorate
degree, so he understands the issues that
tree care contractors face. He has also
done extensive research on accidents in
the tree care industry. According to John,
about 70% of tree worker fatalities oc-cur
with workers and crews that had no
safety training, so attending this work-shop
could save a life – maybe even your
own. The intent is to hold the workshop
on Oahu, Maui, and the Big Island tenta-tively
scheduled for the week of May 19,
2014. More details will be coming soon.
LICH MeMBerSHIP
CAN BrING YoU GooD
ForTUNe IN 2014
Tree CAre
SAFeTY
WorkSHoPS
PLANNeD
I love fortune cookies. They are
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true and are just plain fun.
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PRESIDENT’S COLUMN

Photo: SAU HSU
Sau Hsu peddling a custom bicycle with his passenger Ilana Nimz.
HAWAII CYCLIST To
rIDe IN THe BrITToN
FUND BIke rIDe
by FCarol KWan or the fi rst time ever, Hawaii
riders will be cycling in the
Britton Fund Ride to raise
money for tree research and
education in the western
states. Ilana Nimz, Jamilee Kempton,
and Sau Hsu will be participating in
the April 7, 2014, event in Pasadena,
California, in conjunction with the
Western Chapter International Society
of Arboriculture (WCISA) Annual
Conference. Each rider is required to
raise a minimum of $600 in order to
participate. That’s a lot of money, so
every little bit helps. If you would like
to make a tax deductible donation to
support Hawaii’s riders, please visit
www.thebrittonfund.org/the-britton-fund-
ride/2014-riders. Click on the
rider’s name for the person you wish to
support and complete your donation
through PayPal. Mahalo nui loa!
0338: 1–4 2014
INSECTA
MUNDI A Journal of World Insect Systematics
The centipede Scolopendra morsitans L., 1758, new to the Hawaiian
fauna, and potential representatives of the “S. subspinipes Leach, 1815,
Rowland M. Shelley, William D. Perreira, and Dana Anne Yee
The centipede Scolopendra morsitans L., 1758, new to the Hawaiian fauna, and poten-tial
MARK YOU CALENDAR
2 • INSECTA poten-
MUNDI 0338, January 2014 SHELLEY, PERREIRA AND YEE
complex” (Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae: Scolopendrinae)
representatives of the “S. subspinipes Leach, 1815, complex” (Scolopendromorpha:
Natural Sciences (NCSM). They are S. morsitans L., 1758, considered native to Africa, Australia, and
INSECTA MUNDI 0338, January 2014
THE CENTIPEDE SCOLOPENDRA MORSITANS L.
Scolopendridae: Scolopendrinae)
Insecta Mundi 0338: 1-4
ZooBank Registered: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E3C358D2-298F-4029-96B7-E4595E36A9B4
Published in 2014 by
Center for Systematic Entomology, Inc.
P. O. Box 141874
Gainesville, FL 32614-1874 USA
http://centerforsystematicentomology.org/
Asia from India to the Philippines/SHELLEY
HELLEY, Papua PERREIRAAND New Guinea (Koch 1983, Khanna 2001, Shelley et al. 2005,
Shelley 2006), which constitutes a third anthropochoric Hawaiian scolopendrine. LICH TRADESHOW
OCTOBER 16, 2014
not shipped but considered conspeci c, was discovered at the same locality three weeks later in beach
6. Ultimate prefemora with (1)2(3) ventral spines, coxopleural process with (1)2(3) spines. ........
sand beneath driftwood at the high water mark. Although one of the 
rst three individuals is a subadult
scolopendrine. A fourth specimen,
, overlap-rst
and markedly smaller, all match published diagnoses of S. morsitans, with the cephalic plate overlap-ping
......................................................................................................S. subspinipes
Leach, 1815
• 3
— Ultimate prefemora with (2)3 ventral spines, coxopleural process with 2-3 spines. ..................
the  rst tergite that lacks the anterior transverse sulcus (terminology per Lewis et al. [2005] and
Bonato et al. [2010]). An ultimate leg on one larger specimen is shorter and exhibits different
.........................................................................................................S. japonica L.
Koch, 1878
spination; apparently the original appendage was lost and a new one mor-phological
data are provided in the slightly following table; illustrations are available in Attems (1930,

g. 38),
Lewis (2001,  gs 2-4), and Shelley (2002,  gs. 57-60). Shelley (2004) cited S. morsitans
from the following
Acknowledgments
regenerated. Meristic and We thank F.G. Howarth and J.G.E. Lewis for bene cial pre-submission reviews.
Oceanian countries and territories: Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, French Polynesia,
mor-
Guam, Kiribati, New Caledonia, Northern Marianna Islands, Solomon Islands (Papua New Guinea),
Republic of the Marshall Islands, Tonga, and Tuvalu. Hawaii becomes the second US state where the
0338
The centipede Scolopendra morsitans L., 1758,
new to the Hawaiian fauna, and potential representatives of the
“S. subspinipes Leach, 1815, complex”
(Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae: Scolopendrinae)
Insecta Mundi is a journal primarily devoted to insect systematics, but articles can be published on any
States centipede has been documented, the other being Florida, where an non-marine arthropod. Topics considered for publication include systematics, taxonomy, nomenclature, checklists,
County, constituted the  rst authentic North American record (Shelley et al. 2005). Sample data are
faunal works, and natural history. Insecta Mundi will not consider works in the applied applied sciences sciences ((i.i.e. e. medical
medical
as follows:
USA, Hawaii, Oahu, Sand Island State Recreation Area at entrance to Honolulu Harbor where an individual from Jacksonville, Duval
Literature Cited
Attems, C. 1914. Die indo-australischen myriopoden. Archiv für Naturgeschichte. 80: 1–398.
entomology, pest control research, lishes etc.), and original no longer research publishes or discoveries book reviews in an or inexpensive editorials.
and timely Insecta manner, Mundi
distributing them free via open access
, Harbor (N 21° 18’
pub-lishes
05.23”, W 157° 52’ 55.99”), 3 specimens, 26 August 2013, WD Pereira, DA Yee (NCSM) and 1 individual,
Rowland M. Shelley
Research Laboratory
North Carolina State Museum of Natural Sciences
MSC #1626
Raleigh, NC 27699-1626 USA
rowland.shelley@naturalsciences.org
William D. Perreira
P.O. Box 61547
Honolulu, HI 96839-1547 USA
24snow@hawaii.rr.com
Dana Anne Yee
1717 Mott Smith Drive #904
Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
dana1@hawaii.rr.com
Rowland M. Shelley
Research Laboratory
North Carolina State Museum of Natural Sciences
Insecta Mundi is referenced or abstracted by several sources including the Zoological Record, CAB Ab-stracts,
by several sources including the Zoological Record, CAB Ab-is
4 September 2013, WD Pereira (Bishop Museum, Honolulu).
Scolopendra morsitans from Hawaii. L, left; R, right; PFP, Prefemoral Process. Measurements are
Attems, C. 1930. Myriapoda 2. Scolopendromorpha. Das Tierreich 54: 1–308.
Bonato, L., G. D. Edgecombe, J. G. E. Lewis, A. Minelli, L. A. Pereira, R. M. Shelley, and M.
4 • INSECTA MUNDI 0338, January 2014 SHELLEY, PERREIRA AND YEE
Zapparoli. . 2010. A common terminology lopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae). Zootaxa 1253: 1–50.
for the are
centipedes (Chilopoda).
ERREIRA etc. Insecta Mundi is published irregularly throughout the year, with completed manuscripts assigned
Raleigh, NC 27699-1626 USA
Ab-
an individual number. Manuscripts must be peer reviewed prior to submission, after which they are reviewed by
the editorial board to ensure quality. One author of each submitted manuscript must be a current member of the
in mm.
Length Width L Anten-nomeres
L., 1758, is documented from Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaiian the

rst record
Buxton P. A., and G. H. Hopkins. 1927. Researches of
on the internet on the date of publication.
MSC #1626
William D. Perreira
Center for Systematic Entomology. Manuscript preparation guidelines are availablr at the CSE website.
Managing editor: Production editors: Editorial board: J. H. Frank, M. J. Paulsen
Subject editors: Abstract. Scolopendra morsitans Islands, of this anthropochoric chilopod from both the archipelago and state. Hawaii thus becomes the second American
state to harbor the species, the other being Florida, where an individual has been taken in Jacksonville, Duval
County. Meristic and morphological data are presented for three Hawaiian specimens. At least two other species
of Scolopendra, both introduced, occur on these islands: S. polymorpha one specimen
from Oahu, and one or more representatives of the “S. subspinipes and even inhabits Midway Atoll.
Key Words. Scolopendra subspinipes, S. polymorpha, Introduction
Shelley, R. M., G. B. Edwards, and A. Chagas, Jr. 2005. Introduction of the centipede Scolopendra
external anatomy of in Melanesia and Polynesia. An account of
state. second investigations in Samoa, Tonga, Ellice group and the New Hebrides in 1924, 1925 (1–4). London
morsitans L., 1758, into northeastern Florida, the  rst authentic North American record, and a
review of its global occurrences (Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae: Scolopendrinae). Entomologi-cal
Entomologi-
R Anten-nomeres
L Setal
Transi-tion
School of Tropical Medicine, London, UK, 260 p.
Eugenio H. Nearns, e-mail: gino@nearns.com
Michael C. Thomas, Paul E. Skelley, Brian Armitage, Ian Stocks, Eugenio H. Nearns
62.9 6.3 News 116(1): 39–58.
20 19 6 61/2 3/3/3 3/3/3 3 4
R Setal
Transi-tion
L Ventral
Prefemoral
Spines/Rows
Chamberlin, R R. Ventral
V. 1944. Some Prefemoral
chilopods Spines/from Rows
the Indo-Australian Archipelago. Notulae Naturae of
G.B. Edwards, Joe Eger, A. Rasmussen, Gary Steck, Ian Stocks, A. Van Pelt, Jennifer M. Zaspel,
Wood, 1861, known only from one Leach, 1815, complex,” which is widespread
Wang, Y. M. 1962. L PFP
Spines
New R PFP
Spines
67.4 7.1 20 20 6 6 3/4/3 2/1/1/2 4 8
the Academy of Natural Sciences 15: 79–106.
of Philadelphia. 147: 1–14.
The Chilopoda of the Philippine Islands. Quarterly Journal of the Taiwan Museum
48.4 5.3 21 Chamberlin, 21 R. 53/4 V., and 61/4 Y. M. Wang. 3/3/3 1952. 3/Some 3/3 records 4 2
and other oriental areas. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 65: 177–188.
Gervais, P. 1847. Myriapodes. In: Walckenaer, des
Key to known and potential Hawaiian Scolopendromorpha. In the spination
 gures in cou-plet
Received October 28, 2013; Accepted January 22, 2014.
ZooKeys 69: 17–51.
, Scolopendrinae, introduction, Oahu.
plet 6, normal conditions are Insectes. not within Aptères parentheses 4: 1–and 333, rare 577–ones 595.
are; thus (1)2(3) means normally
and descriptions of chilopods from Japan
: C. A. and P. Gervais (eds.), Histoire Naturelle des
with two spines, occasionally with one or three.
Khanna, Annals V. 2001. of A Forestry check-list 9(of 2): the 199–Indian 219.
species of the centipedes (Chilopoda: 1. With four ocelli on each side of the cephalic plate. .....................................................................
— Spiracles triangular, valvular, and subequal in size (Scolopendridae: Scolopendrinae). .........
Koch, L. E. 1983. Morphological characters of Australian scolopendrid centipedes, and the taxonomy
centipedes (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha).
— Ocelli absent .............................................................................................................Honolulu, HI 96839-1547 USA
Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
Printed copies (ISSN 0749-6737) annually deposited in libraries:
In the review of Hawaiian scolopendromorph centipedes, all of which possess 21 leg-bearing segments,
and distribution of Scolopendra morsitans L. (Chilopoda: Scolopendridae: Scolopendrinae). Austra-lian
Shelley (2000) reported two species, both anthropochores, in the nominate subfamily of Scolopendridae
2. Spiracles rounded and Journal without of valves, Zoology those 31: on segment 79–91.
3 typically larger. ..............................
Kraepelin, K. 2
1903. Revision der Scolopendriden. Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum
Leach, 1815, occurring throughout the archipelago including Midway Atoll,
...............................................................................................Scolopendridae: Otostigminae
Cryptopidae
in Hamburg 20: 1–276.
Kronmüller, C. 2012. Review of the subspecies of Scolopendra subspinipes Leach, 1815 with the new
Austra-
P.O. Box 61547
P
Dana Anne Yee
1717 Mott Smith Drive #904
Spanish editors: Julieta Brambila, Angélico Asenjo
Website coordinator: Eugenio H. Nearns
CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, Australia
Museu de Zoologia, São Paulo, Brazil
Agriculture and Agrifood Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
The Natural History Museum, London, Great Britain
Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN, Warsaw, Poland
National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA
Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville, FL, USA
National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
Electronic copies (On-Line ISSN 1942-1354, CDROM ISSN 1942-1362) in PDF format:
Printed CD or DVD mailed to all members at end of year. Archived digitally by Portico.
University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Digital Commons: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/
Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main: http://edocs.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/volltexte/2010/14363/
- Scolopendra subspinipes represented by one individual individual from from an an Oahu pineapple plantation. The
and S. polymorpha Wood, 1861, to the Paci 1914, 1930; Chamberlin 1944; Chamberlin
S. subspinipes latter derives from North America, where it occupies an irregular area from the Central Plains westward
3. Tergite 1 with conspicuous anterior transverse sulcus. Scolopendra polymorpha Wood, 1861
description of the South Chinese member of the genus Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758 named Scolo-pendra
c Ocean, extending northward to Washington and Montana, USA, and southward to Baja
— Without this character. .................................................................................................................4
California Sur and Guerrero, Mexico (Shelley 2002). Shelley (2000, 2002) combined the subspecies of
..................................................................................................
hainanum spec. nov. Spixiana 35(1): 19–27.
3
Lewis, J. G. E. 2001. The scolopendrid centipedes in the collection of the National Museum of Natural
4. Prefemora of ultimate polymorphaWood, large-bodied,
legs with 0-3 ventral spines arranged in one longitudinal row; under the nominate (Kraepelin 1903; Attems 1914, History in So a (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae). Historia and Wang 1952; Wang 1962; Schileyko 2007), Kronmüller (2012) showed them to be full species
aggressive species, adults >15 cm (6”) long. ................................................................
5
— Ultimate prefemora 13: typically 5–51.
with 9-10 ventral spines arranged in three longitudinal rows;
Scolo-
but complex.” The dominant scolopendrines in
smaller species, adults <7.5 cm (3”) long. ............................................S. morsitans
L., 1758
Lewis, J. G. E., G. D. Edgecombe, and R. M. Shelley. 2005. A proposed standardised terminology
National Historia Naturalis Bulgarica
S. subspinipes,
southeast Asia, three have been widely introduced in Oceania (Shelley 2004), and as
for the external taxonomic characters of the Scolopendromorpha (Chilopoda). Fragmenta Faunistica
Date of Issue: January 31, 2014
Florida Virtual Campus: http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/insectamundi
that can be collectively referenced as the “S. subspinipes 5. Ultimate prefemora without ventral spines. ....................................S. dehaani Brandt, 1840
the assemblage was  suggesting transport there and
throughout the Paci most widely introduced species into the ensuing key.
rst documented from Hawaii by Gervais (1847), c by migrating Polynesians (Buxton and Hopkins 1927, Shelley 2000). Not recall-ing
48: 1–8.
Schileyko, A. A. 2007. The scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda) of Vietnam, with contributions
— Ultimate prefemora with ventral spines. ....................................................................................6
which representatives have been encountered in the Hawaiian Islands, we incorporate the three
While sampling in Sand Island State Recreation Area at the entrance to Honolulu Harbor, Oahu, in
August 2013, WDP and DAY discovered three moderate-size scolopendrines beneath trunks of coconut
..................................................................................
to the faunas of Cambodia and Laos. Part 3. Arthropoda Selecta 16(2): 71–95.
Shelley, R. M. 2000. The centipede order Scolopendromorpha in the Hawaiian Islands (Chilopoda).
Copyright held by the author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Com-mons,
Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and
Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 64: 39–48.
reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. http://creativecommons.org/
and
Shelley, R. M. 2002. A synopsis of the North American centipedes of order Scolopendromorpha
L.) that were shipped to RMS for deposit in the North Carolina State Museum of
(Chilopoda). Virginia Museum of Natural History Memoir 5: 1–108.
Shelley, R. M. 2004. Occurrences of the centipedes Scolopendra subspinpes Leach and S. morsitans
L. on Paci c islands the (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae). Entomological News 115(2):
1
95–100.
Shelley, R. M. 2006. A chronological catalog of the New World species of
Scolopendra L., 1758 (Chi-
Author instructions available on the Insecta Mundi page at:
http://centerforsystematicentomology.org/insectamundi/
palms (Cocos nucifera Nathan P. Lord, Adam Brunke
CENTER FOR SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY, INC., Gainesville, FL
licenses/by-nc/3.0/
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sediment the most prevalent pollutant
in storm water.
What’s the big deal?
Sediment in moving water is most
often suspended, resulting in cloudy, dirty
looking water. If you can’t picture yourself
Photo courtesy: CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU
swimming in this water or drinking it,
just imagine how it must impact fi sh and
other aquatic life. Suspended particles
can clog fi sh gills, limiting their growth
and compromising their health, while
cloudy water impairs fi sh that rely on
sight to feed. The murky water also blocks
light from reaching aquatic plants at the
bottom of streams. Aquatic plants need
sunlight to survive and use for photosyn-thesis,
which adds oxygen in the water
that aquatic animals need to live.
Chemicals such as pesticides and fertil-izers
are often transported with sediment,
resulting in additional harm to ecosys-tems.
Excess nutrients from fertilizers can
activate the growth of algae blooms and

this blocks sunlight, reduces oxygen in
the water, and increases water tempera-ture
as the blooms’ dark color absorbs
heat energy from sunlight. These chemi-cals
can also change the aquatic environ-ment
by affecting the level of acidity in
the water, which is typically measured in
terms of pH. Both temperature and pH
can impact aquatic animals that are sensi-tive
to such changes and need certain
ranges to survive and thrive.
Other problems occur when the sus-pended
particles settle at the bottom of
streams or over coral reefs. Sediment in
streambeds could destroy the habitat of
small stream organisms and disrupt the
natural food chain. It can also cover over
feeding and spawning grounds used by
aquatic life.
And impacts from sediment pollution
are not limited to life in the water. Sedi-ment
can fill in storm drains and catch
basins that collect and carry away storm
water from roads and homes, which could
increase the chances of flooding. Sedi-ment
can also settle in streambeds, which
could block or reduce stream flow, also
increasing the potential for flooding.
What can you do?
Landscapers can help to prevent soil
from becoming pollution by using best
management practices (BMPs) to keep soil
from eroding and washing away.
The most direct way is to prevent ero-sion
at the source is by stabilizing bare
soil or unvegetated areas with ground
cover.
■■ Plant natural vegetation, such as
grass or shrubs, to prevent loose soil from
flowing away because most vegetation
has root systems that help to hold soil in
place.
■■ Cover bare soil with mulch or gravel
to protect the soil surface, which helps to
prevent erosion by creating a protective
layer from wind and water.
■■ Install pavers, such as turf blocks,
or pavement to stabilize areas that are
frequently used or are subject to pedes-trian
and/or vehicular use. Pavers and
permeable pavement are also used for
traffic areas but have the extra benefit of
allowing storm water to infiltrate into the
ground.
Temporary containment measures
should also be used to prevent loose soil
from getting picked up by rainwater or
Photo courtesy: Belt Collins Hawaii
Kalihi Stream looks dirty because of the
sediment flowing in it.
Hawaiiscape.com 7

carried into the drainage system. These
measures should be maintained until veg-etation
is fully established or permanent
paving is installed to stabilize the soil.
Examples of such temporary measures
include:
■■ Install filter socks or silt fences at
the downslope edge or perimeter of a bare
area. These devices help intercept and
trap small amounts of sediment laden
storm water so that it will be retained in
place.
■■ Install turf-reinforcing mats over
steep slopes that need to be vegetated. A
mat will help reduce erosion from rainfall,
hold the soil in place, and absorb and
hold moisture near the soil surface so that
vegetation can be established.
Sediment from erosion is just one
of the pollutants typically found in the
drainage system, but we can make a huge
difference if we all work together to make
BMPs a part of our maintenance routine.
Our yards and grounds will look bet-ter,
and our waterways will be healthier.
That’s a win-win situation.
For more information about storm wa-ter
pollution, BMPs for other typical pol-lutants,
and ways to volunteer, visit the
City and County of Honolulu’s website at
www.cleanwaterhonolulu.com.
Kristi Grilho, a civil engineer for Belt Collins
Hawaii, is assisting the City and County of Ho-nolulu
Department of Environmental Services
in providing targeted groups information about
how to reduce pollutants in storm water runoff.
Photo courtesy: City and County of Honolulu
Filter socks placed at the down slope
edge of landscaping areas keep sediment
contained until the area is stabilized.
Photo courtesy: City and County of Honolulu
A silt fence around the perimeter of this landscaping area keeps sediment contained.

keY To
PeSTICIDe SAFETY AND EDUCATION
HAWAIISCAPE.Com 9
MAINTAINING
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
(recertifi cation)
RECERTIFICATION CREDITS may be
earned by certifi ed applicators that score at
least 70% on the set of comprehension evalu-ation
questions about the “recertifi cation”
articles in this newsletter. These articles have
a title, which ends with “(recertifi cation)”.
However, credits may not necessarily be ap-plicable
for the following categories: Private
2, Private 3, Commercial 7f, and Commercial
11. The question sets (quizzes) are written
and administered by the Hawaii Depart-ment
of Agriculture (HDOA) staff . Ask about
earning recertifi cation credits at one of
these HDOA offi ces area code (808): Kauai
274-3069, Oahu 973-9409, Maui, Lanai and
Molokai (call Hilo, toll free) 984-2400 ext.
44142 followed by #, Hawaii 974-4143.
Remove your protective clothing and
personal protective equipment (PPE) right
away after you fi nish handling a pesticide
or being exposed to it. Start by using
detergent and water to wash the outside
of your gloves before you take them off .
Then, while still wearing your gloves,
wash the outside of your other chemical-resistant
items. This practice keeps you
from touching the contaminated parts
of those items while you are taking them
off . If any other clothes have pesticides on
them, change them, too. Now determine
whether contaminated items should be
disposed of or cleaned for reuse.
Disposables
Chemical-resistant gloves, footwear,
and aprons labeled as disposable are
designed to be worn only once and then
thrown away. These items often are
made of thin vinyl, latex, or polyethylene.
They are not made to be cleaned and
reused. Discard them when they become
contaminated with pesticides. Put them
in a separate plastic bag or container
prior to disposal.
Non-woven (including coated non-woven)
coveralls and hoods, such as
those made of either coated or uncoated
Tyvek®, usually are designed to be dis-posed
of after use. Most are intended
to be worn for only one workday. The
instructions with some coated non-woven
suits and hoods permit the user
to wear them more than once if each use
period is short and not much pesticide
gets on them. Pay close attention when
reusing these items. Be ready to change
them whenever there are signs pesticides
could be getting through the material or
contaminating the inside surface.
Dust/mist masks, prefi lters, canisters,
fi ltering and vapor-removing cartridges,
and a few cartridge respirators are
disposables. They cannot be cleaned. Be
sure to replace these disposable items
often.
Reusables
Some PPE items, such as rubber and
plastic suits, gloves, boots, aprons, capes,
and headgear, are designed to be cleaned
and reused several times.
However, do not make the mistake
of continuing to use these items when
they no longer off er adequate protection.
Wash the reusable items thoroughly be-tween
uses, and inspect them for signs of
wear or abrasion. Never wash contami-nated
gloves, boots, respirators, or other
PPE in streams, ponds, or other bodies of
water. Check for rips and leaks by using
the rinse water to form a “balloon” (i.e.,
fi lling the PPE item with water) and/or
by holding the items up to the light. Even
tiny holes or thin places can allow large
quantities of pesticide to penetrate the
material and reach your skin. Discard any
PPE item that shows sign of wear.
Even if you do not see any signs of
wear, replace reusable chemical-resistant
items regularly because the ability of a
chemical-resistant material to resist the
pesticide decreases each time an item is
worn. A good rule of thumb is to throw
out gloves that have been worn for about
5 to 7 workdays. Extra-heavy-duty gloves,
such as those made of butyl or nitrile
rubber, may last as long as 10 to 14 days.
Glove replacement is a high priority
because adequate hand protection greatly
reduces the pesticide handler’s chance for
exposure. The cost of frequently replac-ing
your gloves is a wise investment.
Footwear, aprons, headgear, and protec-tive
suits may last longer than gloves be-cause
they generally receive less exposure
to the pesticides and less abrasion from
rough surfaces. Replace them regularly
and at any sign of wear. Most protective
eyewear and respirator bodies, face-pieces,
and helmets are designed to be
cleaned and reused. These items can last

many years if they are of good quality and
are maintained correctly.
Launder fabric coveralls and work
clothing after each day’s use. Do not
attempt to launder clothing made of
cotton, polyester, cotton blends, denim,
and canvas if these items are drenched or
saturated with concentrated pesticides
labeled with the signal word DANGER
or WARNING. Always discard any such
contaminated clothing or footwear at a
household hazardous waste collection
site.
Be sure to clean all reusable items
between uses, even if they were worn for
only a brief period of exposure. Pesticide
residues that remain on PPE are likely
to penetrate the material. If you wear
that PPE again, pesticide may already
be on the inside of the material next to
your skin. Also, PPE worn several times
between launderings may build up pes-ticide
residues to a level that can harm
you, even if you are handling pesticides
that are not highly toxic. After cleaning
reusable items, place them in a plastic
bag or clothing hamper away from your
ordinary clothes and family laundry.
Washing PPE
Do not wash pesticide-contaminated
items with the family laundry. Pesticide
residues may be transferred to the other
laundry and may harm you or your fam-ily.
Be sure that the people who clean
and maintain your PPE and protective
clothing know they could be harmed by
touching these pesticide-contaminated
items. Instruct them to wear gloves and
an apron and work in a well-ventilated
area, if possible, and avoid inhaling steam
from the washer or dryer.
Follow the manufacturer’s instruc-tions
for cleaning chemical- resistant
items. If the manufacturer instructs you
to clean the item but gives no detailed
instructions, use detergent and hot
water. Heavy-duty boots and rigid hats or
helmets can be washed by hand using hot
water and a heavy-duty liquid detergent.
Gloves, footwear, and coveralls, must be
washed twice—once to clean the out-side
of the item and a second time
after turning the item inside out.
To wash garments made of
non-chemical-resistant
fabrics such
as cotton,
cotton/
polyester,
denim,
10 LANDSCAPE HAWAII
MARCH | APRIL 2014
canvas, and other absorbent materials,
follow the “Procedure for Washing Con-taminated
PPE” (below).
Hang the washed items to dry, if pos-sible.
It is best to let them hang for at
least 24 hours in an area with plenty of
fresh air. Even after
thorough washing,
some items still may
contain residues.
When the items are
exposed to clean air
and sunlight, most residues move to the
surface of the fabric, evaporate, or break
down. You may wish to buy two or more
sets of PPE so you can air out one set air-ing
while wearing the other. Do not hang
items in enclosed living areas because
pesticide residues that remain in the
items may evaporate and expose people
or animals in the area. If it is not pos-sible
to hang fabric items to dry, a clothes
dryer may be used. Over time, however,
the dryer may become contaminated with
pesticide residues.
Maintaining Eyewear
and Respirators
Wash goggles, faceshields, safety
glasses, respirator bodies, and facepieces
after each day of use. Use a detergent and
hot water to wash them thoroughly. Re-move
any contaminants (such as residual
pesticides) under running water with a
soft brush. Sanitize them with a sanitiz-ing
agent. Dry the items thoroughly or
hang them in a clean area to dry.
Pay particular attention to the straps or
headbands. Replace any made of absor-bent
materials with chemical-resistant
ones. After each day of use, inspect all
headbands for signs of wear or deteriora-tion,
and replace them as needed.
Store respirators and eyewear in an
area where they are protected from dust,
sunlight, extreme temperatures, exces-sive
moisture, and pesticides or other
chemicals. A sturdy plastic bag with a zip
closure works well for storage. Store the
cartridges for a respirator in an airtight
bag to conserve their eff ectiveness.
Respirator maintenance is especially
important. Inspect your respirator before
each use. Repair or replace any part that
shows signs of wear or
deterioration.
Maintain an
inven-tory
Procedure
for Washing
Contaminated PPE
1. Wash only a few items at
a time so there is plenty of
agitation and water for dilu-tion.
2. Wash in a washing ma-chine,
using a heavy-duty
liquid detergent and hot wa-ter
for the wash cycle. Set
your washer to the longest
wash cycle and two rinse
cycles.
3. Use two entire machine
cycles to wash items that
are moderately to heavily
contaminated. (If PPE is too
contaminated, bundle it in
a plastic bag, label the bag,
and take it to a household
hazardous waste collection
site.)
4. Run the washer through
at least one additional entire
cycle without clothing, us-ing
detergent and hot water,
to clean the machine before
any other laundry is washed.
sible. chemical-fabrics

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THE VOICE OF HAWAII’’’HAWAII’S S GREEN INDUSTRY
HAWAIISCAPE.Com 11
tions. Do not try to clean them for reuse.
SOURCE: This article is a modifi ed ver-sion
of the text and images in the National
Pesticide Applicator Certifi cation Core
Manual, pp. 98–101, in “Chapter 6 Personal
Protective Equipment”, downloaded June
2013 from www.nasda.org/9381/Founda-tion/
11379/11383/6684.aspx.
them in an airtight container, such as a
plastic bag with a zip closure.
■ Clean and store the respirator as
directed above.
■ Do not store your respirators or
other PPE in pesticide storage areas.
Disposable respirators should be discard-ed
according to manufacturer’s instruc-of
replacement parts for your respirators,
and do not use substitutes or incompat-ible
brands. If you keep a respirator for
emergency use or as a backup, inspect
it at least monthly or as required by any
rules.
If you remove your respirator between
handling activities, follow these guide-lines:
■ Wipe the respirator body and face-piece
with a clean cloth.
■ Replace caps, if available, over car-tridges,
canisters, and prefi lters.
■ Seal the respirator (except for any
prefi lters) in a sturdy, airtight container,
such as a plastic bag with a zip closure. If
you do not seal the respirator immediate-ly
after each use, the disposable parts will
have to be replaced more often because
cartridges and canisters continue to col-lect
impurities as long as they are exposed
to the air. Pre- fi lters, however, do not
lose their eff ectiveness when exposed to
the air. Remove contaminated prefi l-ters
before placing the canisters and
cartridges in a zip-closable plastic
bag to avoid contaminating the
canisters and cartridges.
At the end of every work-day
that you wear a reusable
respirator, be sure to do the
following:
■ Remove the prefi lter.
Most should be discarded.
■ Disconnect
the cartridges or
canisters. Discard
them or, if they
are still usable,
replace their
caps and seal

CoCoNUT
rHINoCeroS BeeTLe
FOUND ON OAHU by Carol KWan
The destructive Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle are a threat to the local palms
Just before Christmas, the Ha-waii
Department of Agriculture
(HDOA) and other groups that
work with invasive species got
a “bah, humbug!” present. As
Amanda Skelton reported in the
previous issue of Landscape Ha-waii,
Little Fire Ant was discovered in
hapu‘u logs on Maui and Oahu. The
second unpleasant surprise just before
Christmas was the discovery of Coconut
Rhinoceros Beetle (CRB), Oryctes rhinoc-eros
(Linnaeus, 1758), at Joint Base Pearl
Harbor-Hickam on December 23, 2013,
during routine surveys conducted by the
University of Hawaii at Manoa and the
U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Plant
Protection & Quarantine (USDA-PPQ).
Since the discovery, the Hawaii Depart-ment
of Agriculture and the USDA-PPQ
have been working closely with the mili-tary
and the University of Hawaii (UH) to
survey, map, and trap the CRB. Based on
the level of infestation, it appears that the
CRB has been in the area for around 1 ½
to 2 years because they are established in
the vicinity.
The CRB is a major pest of palms
in many locations around the Pacifi c,
including India, the Philippines, Fiji, the
Af-rica,
Photos courtesy: HAWAII DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Leaf damage caused by Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle feeding on young fronds before
they grow out.
Cocos
Calophyllum
Adult CRBs feed on several species
of palms in addition to coconut. Major
hosts include Cocos nucifera (coconut),
Elaeis spp., and Elaeis guineensis (African
oil palm). A table of minor hosts is on the
next page.
Life Stages of CRB
Eggs are whitish brown and 3-4 mm
(approximately 1/8”-3/16”). They are
initially soft and oblong but swell into a
rubbery circle about 4-5 days after being
laid and hatch in about 12 days. Newly
hatched larvae are 7.5 mm long (~5/16”).
They mature into large (60-105 mm long
– about 2 3/8” to 4 1/8”) white C-shaped
larva with a brown head capsule and legs.
The posterior part of the larvae is bluish-
Palaus, Wallis, Nukunono, American
and Western Samoa, and Guam. It’s also
found in southern and South East Asia,
rica, and the Middle East. “The threat of
the coconut rhinoceros beetle has
been a growing concern in Hawaii
since it turned up in Guam in
2007,” said Dr. Neil Reimer,
administrator for the HDOA’s
Plant Industry Division. “We have
initiated the strong, coordinated
eff orts among HDOA, USDA, UH
and other partners that will be
required to eff ectively manage
this invasive pest.”
CRB’s preferred larval habitat is
(coconut) wood, followed by
spp. (breadfruit),
(kamani),
Mangifera indica
Pandanus
spp. (hala). The
larvae feed on rotting organic material.
the western Pacifi c
Islands, Af-been
nucifera Artocarpus inophyllum (mango), and

Minor Hosts of Adult Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle
Botanical Name Common Name
Acanthophoenix rubra Barbel palm
Agave sisalana Sisal Agave
Agave americana American Agave
Aiphanes horrida Ruffle palm
Ananas comosus Pineapple
Areca catechu Betel-nut palm
Arenga spp.
Arenga pinnata Sugar palm
Borassus spp. Borassus palm
Borassus flabellifer Palmyra palm
Caryota urens Fishtail palm
Casuarina equitifolia Ironwood
Clinostigma samoense
Colocasia spp. Taro
Corypha spp. Gebang palm
Corypha umbraculifera Talipot palm
Corypha utan Buri palm
Cyathea spp. Tree fern
Dictyosperma album Princess palm
Dypsis pinnatifrons
Heterospathe elata var. palauensis
Hydriastele palauensis
Hyophorbe lagenicaulis Bottle palm
Latania spp. Latan palm
Livistona spp. Livistona palm
Livistona chinensis Chinese fan palm
Metroxylon spp. Metroxylon
Metroxylon amicarum Caroline ivory-nut palm
Metroxylon sagu Sago palm
Musa spp. Banana
Normanbya normanbyi Black palm
Nypa spp.
Nypa fruticans Nipa palm
Oncosperma spp.
Phoenix spp. Date palm
Phoenix dactylifera Date palm
Phoenix sylvestris Sugar date palm
Pinanga insignis
Pritchardia pacifica Fiji fan palm
Raphia farinifera Raffia palm
Raphia vinifera Raffia palm
Roystonea regia Royal palm
Saccarum spp. Sugarcane
Stevensonia spp.
Syagrus romanzoffianum Queen palm
Thrinax spp. Thatch palm
Verschaffeltia splendida Seychelles stilt palm
Wodyetia bifurcata Foxtail palm
Please note that, while none of Hawaii’s native palms are listed, it is possible that they may be
susceptible to CRB since they share a genus with Pritchardia pacifica, the Fiji fan palm.
The adult Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle
bores into palm fronds to feed on the
sap. The red arrows indicate boring
holes on this palm crown.
grey. Adults range from 30-57 mm (1 3/16”-
2 ¼”) and are black. While both male and
female adults have a median horn curved
backward, the male’s is usually much
longer. The female adult has a patch of
erect reddish hairs visible at the tip of the
abdomen. On the male, this area is mostly
bare and shiny.
The life cycle ranges from 4-9 months.
There can be more than three generations
in a year. The females oviposit in logs or
mulch heaps soft enough for burrowing.
The organic material must also be firm
enough to provide compacted frass. Adult
females generally lay 70-140 eggs in a
lifetime.
Pupation generally occurs in the soil,
but can also occur in larval habitats. The
oval pupal cells measure 55 X 35 X 33 mm
(about 2 3/16” X 1 3/8” X 1 5/16”), enclosed
in frass and sawdust. Sometimes soil or
other plant tissues are used. Pupation
takes around 20 days. Adults generally
stay in the cocoons for another 11-20 days
to allow the exoskeleton to harden and
darken.
Damage
Damage is done during the adult stage.
Young adults bore into the crowns of
healthy palms. They can penetrate 10-50
cm (about 3 15/16” – 19 11/16”), close to
the center of the spear cluster. They bite
through the unopened leaves that are
tightly packed in this area. Most often the
midribs are injured. Once the palm is in-jured,
the CRB feeds on the sap produced
by the host tissue. It then bores outward
again, emerging from the base of a central
frond in the crown. Mature fronds often
THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY Haaaceiipsw.com 13

ABOVE: The three larval instars of the Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle.
have patches of missing foliage, like
they’ve been cut with a scissors to make
V-shaped patterns in the fronds, or holes
in the midribs. The damage is chewing
damage and a fibrous frass is pushed out
of the burrow entrance. Occasionally CRB
will bore into immature fruits or into date
palm inflorescences. In sugarcane, adults
enter the stem near ground level and bore
upwards.
While it is possible for older palms to
survive CRB feeding, young palms up to
3 years of age are often killed or severely
malformed.
Control Methods
Natural enemies of CRB currently in
Hawaii include rat, pigs, and mongoose.
They may also be attacked by certain spe-cies
of ants and some beetles. There are
two diseases known to be fatal to CRB,
a fungus and a virus; however, neither
are known to occur in Hawaii. HDOA is
working closely with Guam in particular
regarding methods to eradicate CRB.
Certain pesticides will need to be tested
and approved for use in Hawaii prior to
being available to pesticide applicators for
treatment of CRB. There are also me-
Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle (CRB)
BMPs or Recommendations for Landscapers and Arborists
By Rob Hauff
1. Remove standing dead coconut palms to prevent infestation.
Decaying coconut wood is the preferred breeding habitat for CRB. Wood
should be chipped and composted away from infested areas, preferably in
few centralized piles, rather than multiple widely dispersed piles.
2. Palms should be removed to ground level and stumps destroyed.
Remaining material can either be ground with a stump grinder, or cut
multiple times with a chainsaw and mixed with mineral soil.
3. Safely dispose of coconut palm trimmings.
For homeowners, curbside recycling or containerized compost is a better
option than backyard open air composting.
When possible take trimmings and chipped palms to a centralized green
waste facility rather than composting in small, dispersed piles on site.
If mulching in place, incorporate into soil to discourage beetle breeding.
4. Any mulch pile is at potential risk of infestation. Keep an eye out for larvae
and breeding beetles and be aware that flower beetle larvae can be confused
with CRB.
See photo below showing differentiating characteristics of CRB and flower
beetle larvae.
5. If mulching around trees or palms, minimize depth to 1-2 inches to avoid
creating breeding habitat for CRB.
6. Damaged palms should be reported to 643-PEST (7378) and not removed
until inspected by DOA since adult beetles might still be living in crown.
7. If working in an infested area, please contact DOA at (808) 832-0585
before moving any material off-site to avoid spreading this pest.

Reach
6,000
Landscape Professionals,
advertise today
Call Micheal Roth
Phone: (808) 595-4124
Email: rothcomm@lava.net
chanical methods of trapping the adults,
such as special netting placed over mulch
piles. Do not move potentially infested
materials such as compost or coconut
palm trimmings from within 2 miles of
infested areas to prevent the spread of
CRB around Oahu and to other Islands
and States.
Reporting Infestations
HDOA lost a large number of positions
during the recent recession and these
have not been reinstated. The support of
Green Industry professionals (Certifi ed
Arborists, landscapers, etc.) is critical in
Hawaii’s eff orts to eradicate CRB. Profes-sionals
who discover CRB are asked to call
643-PEST (7378). This is a direct number
that works from any island. Mahalo nui
loa for your kokua.
References:
Invasive beetles found on Oahu coco-nut
trees, by Web Staff , KHON2. January
9, 2014. http://www.khon2.com/news/
invasive-beetles-found-on-oahu-coconut-trees
Molet, T. 2013. CPHST Pest Datasheet
for Oryctes rhinoceros. USDA-APHIS-PPQ-CPHST.
http://caps.ceris.purdue.edu/
webfm_send/2206
Carol Kwan
is the President
of Carol Kwan Consulting,
a Certifi ed Arborist, and a
Director of Aloha Arborist
Association and the West-ern
Chapter International
Society of Arboriculture.
A special mahalo to Garrett Webb for
helping to proofread the table of minor
hosts for CRB and to Bernarr Kumashiro
and Cheryl Young of Hawaii Department
of Agriculture Plant Pest Control Branch
Biological Control Section for proofreading
the article and providing comments and
photos.

certifi cation
CORNER
It is easy to keep your
LIC certifi cation up to
date with PLANET
Recertifi cation
Is your LIC (Landscape Industry Certi-fi
ed) certifi cation current? If not, staying
current with PLANET and getting the
most out of your LICT designation
is not as hard as you might think.
And if you have NEVER re-certi-fi
ed with PLANET, once at the end
of every calendar year you can take
advantage of the PLANET Amnesty
Program (more on that below).
Here are some essential tips to
keeping your LICT certifi cation cur-rent:
■ You must have an email address!!
If you are not receiving emails from
PLANET or LICH, send me, Garrett
Webb, LICT State Administrator, your
email address at palmsinkona@yahoo.
com
■ Make sure that you have a subscrip-tion
to this Hawaii Landscape Magazine
and that you check in on the LICH web-site
periodically at hawaiiscape.com to
stay informed about workshops, classes,
conferences, training sessions and events
that award the CEUs (Continuing Educa-tion
Units) that you will need every two
years to stay current with PLANET.
■ Keep track of your CEUs earned.
Keep a log and have a fi le to keep registra-tions
or receipts from workshops, confer-ences,
etc. If the event has an LICH/
PLANET LICT sign-in sheet for CEUs, be
sure to sign in; LICH will keep track of
these CEUs for you.
How many CEUs do you need? Twenty-four
CEUS every two years. Here are
some great ways to collect your CEUs:
1. Did you know that you can get 1/4
of a CEU for a 15 minute safety tailgate
meeting that you attend (or run) at work?
1/2 CEU for a 30-minute meeting and 1
CEU for an hour meeting. Keep a log and
NATIVE PLANT ISSUE
sustAiNAbility AwARds
FOUR INDUSTRy LEADERS HONORED AT THE LICH SUSTAINAbILITy AwARDS
P. O. Box 22938
Landscape Industry
P. O. Box 22938
Landscape Industry
PERMIT NO. 1023
HONOLULU, HI
U.S. POSTAGE PAID
STANDARD
PRESORTED
NOVEMBER | DECEMBER 2013
ThE VO i CE O f h AWAii’S GREEN i NDUSTRY
$5.00
NOAA PAcific
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ADAPTIVE REUSE, GREEN
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MORe
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FIRST STUDENT POSTER
COMPETITION ENDS IN A TIE
MEET THE MANGO
RELATIVES
PANOAA P
cific
RegiONA Regi
l cecec NeNe teRteRte
AND NATIVE PLANTS COME
TOGETHER
ARBORICULTURE ISSUE
Double sided color poster with 36
native plants perfect for your projects
14 native plant sessions, free
tradeshow, evening social, day
after native landscape bus tour
and the first LICH Sustainability
Awards!
PERMIT NO. 1023
HONOLULU, HI
U.S. POSTAGE PAID
STANDARD
PERMIT NO. 1023
HONOLULU, HI
PAID
POSTAGE Honolulu HI 96823-2938
P. O. Box 22938
JANUARY Honolulu HI 96823-2938
P. O. Box 22938
ThE VoicE oF h AWAii’S GREEN i NDUSTRY $5.00
RIGHT TREE,
NEw LICT CLAss
Planting under utility lines
leeward community college
& LICT to TEsT offer DAT lict E classes s
LITTLE and
fIRE ANTs
lict test dates announced
little fire ants invade oahu and maui
cur-
ii’S bility Aw
SUSTAINA
| FEBRUARY 2014
RIGHT PLACE
Landscape Industry
Native PlaNt
Poster iNside
LICH ConferenCe
& TradesHow
oCTober 10TH
HawaIIan
HIbIsCus Taxa
New DNA suggests the end of
a 100 year dispute on Hawaii’s
endemic Hibiscus species
Landscape Industry
PRESORTED
SEPTEMBER | OCTOBER 2013
ThE VO i CE O f h AWAii’S GREEN i NDUSTRY $5.00
GARRETT WEBB

• Specimen Trees in Boxes
• Fruiting Trees
• Palms
• Topiaries
• everything else
in Kona
329-5702
HAWAIISCAPE.Com 17
You can earn CEU’s by attending workshops.
have someone sign off as you attend these mandatory job
related meetings, you will be surprised how many of your
CEUs you will be able to collect!
2. Be on the look-out for workshops, classes, conferences
and educational events: one hour of instruction will give
you one CEU. Many vendors hold product demonstrations,
which canalso provide you with CEUs.
3. Help to Judge at an LICT Test; serve on your island’s
LICT Test committee; volunteer to set up or tear down at an
LICT Test. You can earn a maximum of 8 CEUS in a two-year
period for your service work in the landscape industry.
4. You can earn CEUs by reading! If the subject matter is
green industry or job related, you can claim 1 CEU for every
hour reading and submit the PLANET Book Reporting Form
along with your CEU Submission Form when re-certifying.
If you have never re-certifi ed with PLANET, you can still
take advantage of the PLANET Amnesty Program. By De-cember
31st of every year, you can submit a list of the CEUs
earned in the preceding two-year period. Come to the LICH
Annual Conference 2014 and look for the LICH Booth at the
Trade Show. Bring your list of CEUs earned and there will
someone there to help you re-certify.
To download a CEU Submission Form and the Recertifi ca-tion
Requirements document, visit the PLANET website at
landcarenetwork.org, or email palmsinkona@yahoo.com and
I will send you the needed forms.
Garrett Webb is a nurseryman growing
palms in Kona, and advisor to LICH
Certifi cation Council LICT State
Administrator

BIG ISLAND LICTby Ty MCDonalD
HILA 2014 Training and
Certifi cation Programs
Photos courtesy: WWW.KUKIO.COM
The Ka‘upulehu Interpretive Center at Kukio Resort will host the HILA 2014
Landscape Maintenance Training Program and the LICT Field Test.
The Hawaii Island Land-scape
Association (HILA)
and UH Cooperative Ex-tension
Service-Kona are
gearing up for their 2014
Landscape Training and
Certifi cation Programs off ered to land-scape
professionals and serious gardeners.
1. The Landscape Maintenance Train-ing
Program (LMT) is an annual 10-week
series of three-hour classes. Topics
include: Basic Botany; Tropical Plant
Identifi cation & Selection, Plant Nutrition
& Soil Health, Turf Care, Irrigation Basics,
Pruning Trees & Shrubs, Establishing and
Managing a Landscape, Pesticide Use &
Safety, Insect Pest ID and Control, and
Landscape Plan Reading and Calcula-tions.
Classes begin March 26 and run consec-utive
Wednesday afternoons through May
28. The three-hour classes will be held at
a new location this year – the Ka‘upulehu
Interpretive Center at Kukio Resort. Cost
for each class is $35 for HILA members
and $40 for non-members. The fee for the
entire series is $325 for HILA members
($375 non-members).
Space is limited at the new venue and
early registration is suggested. Class
schedule and registration forms are avail-able
at: www.hilahawaii.com.
2. LICT Test Prep Intensive is a one-day
training scheduled for June 7. This work-shop
is focused on helping candidates
review and prepare for the Landscape
Industry Certifi ed Technician (LICT)
written and fi eld tests.
3. LICT Testing Program. HILA mem-bers
will conduct the written and fi eld
certifi cation tests for Ornamental Main-tenance
at Kukio Resort in Kona on June
12 and 14, respectively.
For more information about the train-ings
and certifi cation program contact Ty
McDonald at tym@hawaii.edu or 322-4884.
Ty McDonald is a Uni-versity
of Hawaii Extension
Agent, ISA Certifi ed Arbor-ist,
and advisor to the HILA
board of directors.

o‘AHU LICTby branDon aU
Get Trained! LICT
Training Program
TStarting in June he landscape industry
is an important trade in
construction and main-tenance
for commercial,
private, government, and
residential properties.
Getting certifi ed as a Landscape Industry
Certifi ed Technician (LICT) enhances
your professionalism, creates a sense
of personal achievement, and garners
increased respect and recognition in the
industry and your profession.
LICT training classes will start in early
June. This year’s format has changed from
a general landscape training program to
focus on LICT certifi cation. The program
will be divided by certifi cation type – ir-rigation,
ornamental maintenance, and
turf maintenance. Softscape installation
will not be off ered this year. This will
allow candidates to concentrate on the
specifi c certifi cation for which they are
being tested.
Classes are scheduled from 5:00 p.m. to
7:30 p.m. at the Urban Garden Center and
Pacifi c Pipe Company, both in Pearl City.
When each candidate registers for the full
training at $350, they will receive a PLAN-ET
Landscape Training Manual (valued
at $ 75.00) for their specifi c certifi cation,
classroom presentations from landscape
industry professionals, and a practical,
hands-on fi eld day at the University of
Hawaii’s Research Station in Waimanalo
prior to the exam on August 9, 2014.
Candidates should come prepared to
take notes, perform problem solving and
calculations, and participate in hands-on
demonstrations.
For more information, please call Mad-eleine
Shaw at (808) 597-0708 or email at:
hlica33@yahoo.com
The Hawaii Landscape and Irrigation
Contractors Association (HLICA) consists
of landscape contractors, landscape and irri-gation
businesses, non-profi t organizations,
government representatives, and more…
Brandon Au
is the head
of the Nursery and Land-scape
Section for the City’s
Department of Parks and
Recreation, Division of Ur-ban
Forestry, O‘ahu Co-Chair
for the LICT program, and Vice President for
LICH.

Maui LICT Committee Kevin Gavagan (L), Norman Nagata, Allison Wright, Sidney Sparkman (R)
reSTArT oF MAUI
LICT PROGRAM Tby norMan M. naGaTa he Plant Landcare Net-work
(PLANET) landscape
industry certifi ed tech-nician
(LICT, formerly
known as CLT) is an in-ternational
program that
recognizes competent landscape profes-sionals
who perform their trade according
to industry standards. The original certi-fi
ed landscape technician (CLT) program
began in Hawaii in 1998 and has been
certifying landscapers ever since through
the Landscape Industry Council of Ha-waii
(LICH), which currently administers
three certifi cations (plant maintenance,
turfgrass maintenance, irrigation).
To help individuals become certifi ed,
local landscape associations (Hawaii
Landscape & Irrigation Contractors Assoc.
on Oahu, Hawaii Island Landscape Assoc.,
Kauai Landscape Industry Council) con-duct
LICT training on topics such as plant
identifi cation, basic horticultural, plant
maintenance, irrigation, soil and plant
nutrition, pest identifi cation and control,
equipment operation, and workplace
communication and safety. Individu-als
can then become certifi ed by passing
PLANET’s written and fi eld tests that are
administered by LICH.
The CLT program was fi rst off ered
on Maui in 2001-2002, which led to the
certifi cation of Jeff rey Bantilan, Michael
Buchanan, Karen Fitzgerald, Tanya Kiaha
and Brian Matsuno. Unfortunately, the
program never got established due its
complexity and the problems associated
in its administration.
However recently, there has been a
renewed interest by Maui’s hotel and
landscape industries to have their staff
become LICT trained and certifi ed. To
support these businesses, the Maui As-sociation
of Landscape Professionals and
the University of Hawaii Cooperative
Extension Service have partnered to bring
the LICT in Plant Maintenance back to
Maui with an educational program which
will begin in April and certifi cation tests
to be held in May 2014. If successful, other
certifi cations in turfgrass maintenance
and irrigation will be off ered in the future.
To start up this new program is very
costly and it could not have been done
without the generous support of these
sponsors: Four Seasons Resort-Maui,
Hawaii Growers Products, He-Man
Landscaping, HISCO, Honua Kai Resorts
& Spa-Kaanapali, ISI Hawaii Water Solu-tions,
Kihana Nursery, Pukalani Plant
Company, Service Rentals, SGS Hawaii,
Slim’s Power Tools, Zee Medical, County
of Maui, MALP, UH-CES, and UH-Maui
College- Agriculture & Natural Resources
Program.
Also a special recognition should go out
to Kevin Gavagan, Sidney Sparkman, Al-lison
Wright, and Norman Nagata of the
Maui LICT who have put together this
program within a few weeks of getting
organized.
More information on this program can
be found on MALP website: http://lict-maui.
malp.org/index.html
Norman M. Nagata is
an Extension Agent with
the Maui County Coop-erative
Extension Service,
CTAHR, University of
Hawaii at Manoa; and serves as chair for
Maui’s LICT program, and is a member on
the LICH-LICT Council.

These tree care workers are wearing their personal protective equipment (PPE) and are working properly from the side of
the chipper.
Tree Worker
Photo: carol kwan
The accidents that occur and SAFETY
how we need to respond to them
by Dr. John Ball
Every day incidents occur
in the tree care industry.
Tree workers tend to call
them accidents rather than
incidents, but the medical
field is getting away from
this description. Accidents seem to imply
that it just happened and nothing could
be done to prevent it from occurring. This
is not the case for a tree worker event –
there is always a list of unsafe acts or con-ditions
that resulted in the occurrence.
However since most workers just call
these fatal or non-fatal events accidents I
will use that term in this article.
For far too long we have accepted the
high fatal accident rate as just a part of
the job but now this attitude seems to
be changing. When once it was common
to hear workers speak of accidents and
close-calls as the ordinary, it is becom-ing
more common to hear talk of a goal
of a zero accident rate. While this talk is
refreshing, we do have a long way to go
to reach that goal. Currently our fatality
rate is approximately 10 times that of the
all-industry average, higher than almost
any other profession excluding logging
and commercial fisheries. The non-fatal
injury rate is equally appalling with inju-ries
often having life-long consequences.
But, again, this current status does not
have to be accepted as just a part of the
profession and here are some ways we can
move towards the goal of saving lives and
reducing accidents.
First, if there were just five things we
should do to reduce accidents, what
would they be? Call them the five steps to
survival but here are some practices that
if they were put into place by everyone
might reduce our accident rate by more
than three-fourths. Remember in our
industry, accidents don’t just happen.
One is to conduct a pre-work inspec-

tion of every site, every time. This may
appear obvious but one of the most com-mon
reasons a worker is electrocuted is
they failed to notice the electrical conduc-tor
before climbing the tree or operating
the aerial lift. Many electrical contact ac-cidents
are direct contact, either the hand
or back shoulder, because the worker did
not realize the line was even there; no
one looked before the worker entered
the tree. Another reason for the need to
inspect is to note any defect in the tree.
Tree workers have died because the tree
failed below them when they overloaded
the tree while lowering cut limbs. Aerial
lift operators have died when the tree
they were pruning snapped at the base
and fell, crushing the lift and operator in
the process. Had someone inspected the
base of the tree and noted the decay, the
work could have been conducted in a way
to reduce the loading. These are just two
good reasons for conducting that pre-work
inspection.
Another good practice is to establish
a drop zone and have the boundaries
clearly defined. Once the zone is estab-lished,
no one should be in this zone
until they absolutely have a reason for
being there, i.e. setting up some lowering
lines, moving lowered branches, etc. One
reason tree workers are killed is they walk
into the path of a falling tree or limb as
they are going from one task to another.
Workers have been crushed beneath
fallen trees merely because they decided
to cut in front of a tree as it was being
felled. Not only should workers stay out
of the zone unless they have to perform
a specific task, the zone should always
Proper drop zones with well established
safety areas will help ensure safety for
workers and onlookers.
Be aware of electrical contacts prior to starting a job.

exclude the homeowners and onlookers.
Every year members of these two groups
are killed when they venture too close as
the tree or limbs drop and shatter in the
process, sending debris flying. It may be
the homeowner’s yard but it’s your drop
zone – keep them, and their pets, out of
the way.
A third good practice is to follow all
safety instructions when operating chip-pers.
Naturally workers should always
read and follow the manufacturer’s safety
instructions when operating any power
machinery but it seems that the instruc-tions
for chippers are widely ignored
given the excessive number of accidents.
Every month or so, a tree worker is en-tangled
in a chipper because he decided
to stand on the feed table and kick brush
in. Chipper accidents account for many
of the amputations performed on tree
workers and those are the least serious
accidents – tree workers have also been
completely pulled through these ma-chines
and that is always fatal.
A fourth practice would be to conduct
that daily inspection of the aerial lift
before ‘flying’ it for the day. Pilots do a
Make sure you follow the manufacturer’s safety procedures when operating chippers.
visual walk-around before flying (as well
as completing a number of other check
lists) but tree workers seem to just hop in
and go. A common fall accident among
aerial lift operators is not falling out of
the buckets as much as falling with the
bucket due to a mechanical failure of the
unit. Aerial lifts are complicated pieces
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of equipment and the failure of a single
part can, in some instances; result in the
catastrophic failure of the entire unit. Do
the daily inspection.
Finally, always wear the proper PPE for
the task at hand. One reason we do not
have as many serious chain saw accidents
as we once did is the fact that chaps and
hard hats or helmets are a far more com-mon
sight among tree crews. When you
are in the aerial lift, wear the harness and
wear it properly. It should be snug, not
loose, and be sure the lanyard is attached
to the boom, not the bucket. If the
lanyard is attached to the bucket and it
breaks away, all you have done is create a
smaller debris fi eld – you and the bucket
– rather than still be hanging (safely but
startled) from the boom.
The focus on safe work practices needs
to also include how we respond to ac-cidents,
particularly aerial ones. This is
critical training for any climber or aerial
lift operator and their crew. Every week
at least one aerial rescue is conducted in
this country and sometimes the crew can
only stand by as fi refi ghters respond to
the accident. Every crew needs to have
at least two workers trained in fi rst aid
and CPR and profi cient in climbing and
the operation of the aerial lift. If you are
the climber, and no one else can climb,
your crew is not potential rescuers but
merely an audience. Furthermore, our
training has focused on only one type of
aerial accident – electrical contact – and
the response training has been a rapid
descent from the tree. This is contrary
to the fact that the most common need
for an aerial rescue is that the worker has
been struck-by a branch or limb and may
also now be pinned in the tree. Not only
is a rapid descent not possible in these
situations, it may not be appropriate as
the worker may have injuries that can be
made worse if they are not lowered with
extreme care or not immobilized. Tree
workers must know how to respond to
a wide range of aerial accidents, electri-cal
contact, trapped/pinned, palms and
aerial lift, not just one. You never know
which accident may occur on your crew.
Also with few exceptions, the need for
speed is not warranted by the condition
of the victim. It is important to take the
time to assess the worker’s condition and
the environment from the ground before
initiating a rescue, as well as contact-ing
the appropriate rescue team in the
community. We sometimes have acci-dents
that are double fatalities and these
are often a rescuer electrocuted while
attempting a rescue of an already dead
Following safety practices can greatly reduce job site hazards.
fellow worker. Remember the fi rst rule of
emergency response – do not become the
second victim.
Tree work is a profession that will
always be conducted in a high-risk en-vironment.
But the risk can and should
be managed. Taking our time to make
sure everyone is properly trained in work
practices and emergency response will go
a long way in reducing the number and
severity of accidents in the profession.
Dr. John Ball is a Profes-sor
of Forestry at South
Dakota State University.
He can be reached by email
at john.ball@sdstate.edu.

Photos: ADAM M. WILLIAMS
low hanging
FRUIT
ADAM M. WILLIAMS
CANISTeL: ONE SAPOTE TO RULE THEM ALL!
The Canistel, also some-times
called the Yellow
Sapote, is probably the
showiest member of its
family, Sapotaceae. I’ll
be honest, this has never
been my favorite tropical fruit, but it
has always intrigued me, and is certainly
deserving of more attention, in the back
yard and commercially. I say it’s not my
favorite because I love the concept of a
perfect, delicious fruit to be eaten fresh
out of hand (mostly because I am not
fond of cooking). Although many would
consider its ripe fl esh quite delectable, the
Canistel really shines with a little prepa-ration,
but more on that later. It is often
fruiting in Hawaii during late Winter/
early Spring (about now, hence my inspi-ration
to write about it for this issue) and
is more common than the average resi-dent
may be aware of. This time of year,
look for fi st-sized, oblong, shiny, bright
yellowy-orange fruits contrasting with
the thick, dark green foliage; they stand
out like ornaments on a Christmas tree.
It is a handsome tree, even out of season
when its dense canopy of evergreen leaves
may be confused for Mango by the casual
observer.
Botanically known as Pouteria campe-chiana,
this little-known gem hails from
the Mesoamerica Hotspot, home to many

of our common domesticated crop plants,
and a lot of awesome tropical fruits. And
I mean a LOT. The genus Pouteria alone
contains numerous great fruits – so many
I once contemplated the idea of writing
an article specifi cally about the genus,
but quickly realized I could never do the
diversity of species within it (and its close
relative) suffi cient justice to express all
their unique and wonderful attributes.
Although the genus has representatives
around the world’s tropics, all the great
Pouteria fruits I’m familiar with are from
Mesoamerica, including this one, and
almost all of them have the word Sapote
(Zapote) as part of their common name.
Mamey Sapote, Chico Sapote or Sapo-dilla,
and Yellow Sapote. Sapote is an in-digenous
word (Nahuatl, language of the
Mexica aka Aztec, and others) meaning
soft, edible fruit, so not the most specifi c
term, but it is also the basionym for the
name of the entire family into which all
these fruits are placed, Sapotaceae. But
yet other, unrelated fruits native to the
same region, but botanically placed under
entirely diff erent families, are also called
Sapote: Black Sapote (Ebenaceae), White
Sapote (Rutaceae), and the South Ameri-can
Sapote (Malvaceae). For this reason
I fi nd using the word Sapote to be kind
of misleading, because there is so much
diversity among all the fruits onto which
that name has been hung.
What does Canistel mean? I have no
idea, which is kinda why I like the name,
its not loaded with any preconceptions
or false comparisons to other fruits. Plus
it’s the name the fruit was introduced to
me as, and you know what they say about
fi rst impressions. But if you’ve read any of
my previous articles you’ll know I’m big
on botanical names, and for those readers
who have any familiarity with Mexican
geography, you might recognize the spe-cies
name of this fruit tree, campechiana,
as in Campeche, one of three states in the
United Mexican States which comprise
the Yucatan Peninsula. Yes, the Canistel
is native to Southern Mexico (as well as
Guatemala, Belize, and El Salvador) and
likely has been cultivated by indigenous
people across Mesoamerica for thousands
of years. It is still a popular home garden
tree throughout its native range, but has
also been spread far and wide, includ-ing
into South America, throughout the
Caribbean, all the way over to the Philip-pines
(by the Spanish colonizers), and
from there to Hawaii.
Remember what I said about it being
more common than many may realize in
Hawaii? Well its true that you won’t see
what you’re not looking for, but if you can
spot Malunggay (Moringa oleifera) grow-ing
in the yards around your neighbor-hood,
there’s a good chance some of those
yards have a Canistel tree in them too!
Right along side the Bayabas (Psidium
guajava), Atis (Annona squamosa) and
Guyabano (Annona muricata). And if
you didn’t follow that string of fruit tree
names (or have no idea what they look
like), I’m describing a few of the fruit
trees that are most commonly found in
the yards of local Filipinos, probably the
fi rst people to introduce seedlings of the
Canistel fruit to Hawaii back in the early

plantation days. Filipinos call it Chesa, or
Tiesa. “I remember eating Chesa when
I was little, and it was one of the most
common fruits we ate, especially in the
province,” says Kauai resident Maria
Belardo, who grew up in the Philippines.
“Now I see it in the yards of many Filipi-nos
here in Hawaii, along with a lot of the
other fruits I
grew up
eating.”
If
the
Canistel fruit has been in Hawaii all
this time, and is already an occasional
backyard tree (among Filipinos, at least),
then why is it not more popular and well
known? “Some fi nd it too diff erent for
the average North American palette,” says
Steve Starnes, owner of Hawaiian Tropi-cal
Fruit Nursery and rare fruit grower
in the Hilo area, although he admits that
he likes it. He continues, “I’ve grown it
from seed, but the seedlings take a long
time to fruit, and the quality can be really
variable, sometimes quite dry. Better ones
are creamy and sweet.”
Another name for
the Canistel,
which I have
thus far
delayed
men-tioning
is Egg Fruit. I don’t like the name;
I think it sounds gross, and I’ve never
been a fan of hard-boiled eggs either. But
it is true that the fl esh of Pouteria campe-chiana
has been likened to the texture
and, with its bright yellowy orange color,
the appearance of a hard-boiled egg yolk.
But not all Canistel are created equal, and
while some may be dry and akin to an
egg, superior selections are indeed sweet-er
with a creamy texture. Just like most
other fruits, what variety you’re sampling
can make a huge diff erence. Most of the
backyard trees in Hawaii are seedlings,
again similar to a lot of other fruits
(Mangos, Avocado, Mountain Apple, etc.),
and when it comes to fruit trees, plant-ing
from seed is kinda like gambling: you
never know how it will turn out. Canistel
trees will not come true from seed, so to
be sure what you’re getting it is important
to propagate asexually, usually by grafting
a selected variety.
Canistel trees are highly adaptable and,
as long as they are planted in full sun,
can thrive in a wide variety of diff erent
soil types. They grow well in dry areas
as well as wet (but no standing water or
constantly waterlogged soil, please) and
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tolerate strong winds without issue. A
dense-canopied evergreen tree, Canistel
can exceed twenty-fi ve feet in height
under favorable conditions, but are easily
kept pruned to a more manageable size
while still achieving a large harvest. Good
varieties bear heavily and consistently,
and in Hawaii major crops appear in late
Winter/early Spring, with lighter harvests
periodically throughout the year. The
fruit, which can vary in shape from long
and spindle-shaped to round, starts green
and matures to a vibrant golden yellow to
bright orange, depending on the variety.
Similar to fruits like Avocado or Papaya,
the fruit should be picked when mature,
but before it has fully ripened. Mature
fruits will be brightly colored, shiny and
hard. After storing at room temperature
for three to ten days, the skin will be-come
dull and the fruit will soften. “If the
fruit is a little soft, the texture is more
egg-like; but if you wait for it to get softer
it gets sweeter and more like a sweet
potato,” says Lynn Tsuruda of Frankie’s
Nursery on O‘ahu. “One thing is, you
have to like sweet potato to like this fruit.
Some people that don’t like sweet potato
may not like it because of the similar-ity.”
But just like sweet potato or pump-kins,
the Canistel is an excellent option
for many types of baked goods, and is
reported to mix well with milk products,
making it a great option for smoothies,
milk shakes, or ice creams. And unlike
a lot of other fruits, Canistel fl esh holds
its brilliant color when cooked, blended
or frozen, lending itself to just about any
processing application one can imagine.
The cleaned fl esh or even the whole
fruits can stay bright orange and ready
to use even when frozen for six months,
and possibly longer. Plus it’s chock full
of antioxidants and vitamins such as cal-cium,
phosphorous, niacin, and carotene,
among many others.
“The fruit was popular among early
fruit fanatics but not by many others,”
says Ken Love, President of the Hawai‘i
Tropical Fruit Growers. “Today the
fruit is making a comeback because of
high vitamins and natural sweetness for
smoothies.” Over at Frankie’s Nursery,
which is also a rare fruit orchard, Lynn
Tsuruda agrees. “At one time we had a
very hard time selling Canistel, except
to Filipinos who already knew it, but
it’s very popular now. Many customers
make smoothies, or use it for pies like a
pumpkin. Though some people do buy it
just to eat fresh,” she added. Considering
all of the Canistel’s desirable traits, its
You Can Join
LICH Online
LICH has been doing cool stu since 1986 with recent develop-ments
including creating tropical sustainability standards for
invasive species, irrigation water conservation, plant spacing
guidelines and introducing native species into the trade. This
year promises to a great year for LICH, we encourage you to
support your industry and islands – volunteer, get involved,
and stay connected. Becoming a member is the fi rst step.
Memberships for individuals are $30 per calendar year. Company
Memberships are $30 per calendar and include one individual. Additional
company memberships are $15 per individual.
Log-on to http://hawaiiscape.com/join-lich/
And Join Today!

NEED AN
AGRICULTURAL
LOAN?
Purchase open land, build a dwelling, operating
loans, line of credit, equipment purchase, truck or
automobile purchase, refinance a mortgage or agree
agree-
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ment of sale, etc.
Both the Federal Land Bank Association of Hawaii, FLCA
and Hawaii Production Credit Association can custom design a
loan to meet your needs.
We offer: Long term loans, short term loans,
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repayment schedules, excellent loan servicing
options, etc. We also have programs for Young,
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Federal Land Bank Association of Hawaii, FLCA
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Phone: 808-836-8009
Fax: 808-836-8610
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Hilo Office 988 Kinoole Street
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Phone: 808-961-3708
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From the Neighbor Islands Call Toll Free 1-800-894-4996
FCS of Hawaii, ACA is part of the Farm Credit System, a nationwide system of leading agricultural financial institutions
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favorable processing characteristics, and
excellent nutrient profi le, I am excited
for this fruit’s potential in Hawaii and
happy to see it making an appearance in
more and more venues. Be sure to keep
an eye out for it in your local natural
foods markets, farm-to-table restaurants,
farmer’s markets, and roadside stands
across the state. If you’re considering
acquiring a tree for your yard or business,
remember to look for grafted varieties.
For more information on O‘ahu contact
Frankie’s Nursery in Waimanalo at (808)-
259-8737, and on the Garden Isle you can
call Kaua‘i Nursery and Landscaping at
(808)-245-7747.
Adam M. Williams is an
avid gardener, native plant
advocate, and tropical fruit
enthusiast.
Further reading and references:
Ledsema, Noris. “Growing Canistel
(Pouteria campechiana)”. Fairchildbotani-calgarden.
org. 14 Feb. 2014.
Morton, J. 1987. Canistel. p. 402–405.
In: Fruits of warm climates. Julia F. Mor-ton,
Miami, FL.
Watson, George (April 1938). “Nahuatl
Words in American English”. American
Speech 13 (2): 113–114.

THe
MILLIoN-DoLLAr
QUESTION
TIPS tool
P H Y L L I S JONES
There is one question that
everyone always asks,
“What is the best brand
of hand held equipment
on the market.” (Over the
past thirty years, I have
sold four or fi ve diff erent brands, and I
currently sell one brand.) My answer is
always the same. I answer the question
with several key questions.
1. What brand are you currently using?
Are you happy with it? What do you like
about it? The response to these questions
is usually ten minutes of complaints, and
frustration that it is not performing the
way that they had hoped it would, or the
way “other people” said it would. On to
question 2.
2. What do you use the machine for?
Describe the usage. (By this time, they
are getting frustrated. They just want the
brand of the best machine. Answer
please.)
3. No answer yet!
How often
have you had to repair the machine?
What were some of the parts that needed
to be fi xed or replaced? The answer is
usually vague and they struggle to try to
describe what the problems were. This
usually comes in the form of discon-nected
phrases that end with “something
like that.” Or they complain about how
costly the repair was and ask me if I
thought it sounded correct. (No com-ment.)
The frustration level is skyrock-eting,
but there is one more question
before they get the MILLION DOLLAR
ANSWER.
4. Do you, or your employees do rou-tine
At this point they are totally confused.
They wanted a one-word answer and
after fi fteen or twenty minutes, they
still do not have a name. I then proceed
to explain to them the harsh reality.
THERE IS NO PERFECT, INDUSTRUC-TABLE,
MIRACLE MACHINE THAT
WILL WITHSTAND NECLIGENCE
AND ABUSE. (There is a look of disap-pointment
because they are not getting
the answer that they want.)
Every manufacturer of commercial
equipment has designed their equipment
to maximize power and performance
with the least weight, and the greatest
tine maintenance? Quizzical looks, then
defensive stares. “What do you mean?
Why, what are we supposed to be do-ing?”
Their answer is either no, or I don’t
know.
fuel effi ciency. They each have found
diff erent ways to do this, but there is one
element that they all require—REGULAR
MAINTENANCE. If you are dissatisfi ed
with the brand that you are currently
using it may be that as a user, you are
not doing what
is necessary
to keep the

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machine running the way that you want
it to run. Or you might have bought a
machine that was not appropriate for
your particular situation.
I am NOT saying that all brands of
machines are the same. That’s like saying
all brands of cars are the same. Within
the product line, there are some models
that seem to be more user friendly than
others; or seem to be less sensitive than
other brands. There are some that seem
to perform better in certain climates.
However, no brand of machines can go
without service, or be abused, and still be
expected to last forever.
We may have personal preferences, but
the BEST BRAND is only as good as your
maintenance. And that is THE MILLION
Phyllis Jones is with A to Z Equipment
and Sales, formally A to Z Rental Center, in
business for over 25 years.

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LICH Landscape Hawaii Magazine Mar Apr 2014 Issue

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