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OOrriieennttaalliissmm 
bbyy 
EEddwwaarrdd WW..SSaaiidd
TThhee MMeeaanniinngg ooff OOrriieennttaalliissmm ((11)) 
Orientalism is an academic subject 
created by Orientalists as a system of 
knowledge about the Orient 
It is not an airy European fantasy about 
the Orient, but a created body of theory 
exposing and validating European 
superiority over Oriental backwardness.
TThhee MMeeaanniinngg ooff OOrriieennttaalliissmm ((22)) 
Orientalism is a style of thought based 
upon an ontological and epistemological 
distinction made between "the Orient" and 
(most of the time) "the Occident." 
Thus a very large mass of writers, among 
whom are poets, novelists, philosophers, 
political theorists, economists, and imperial 
administrators, have accepted the basic 
distinction between East and West as 
the starting point for elaborate theories, 
epics, novels, social descriptions, and 
political accounts concerning the Orient, its 
people, customs, "mind," destiny, and so on. 
 ((GGrraammssccii,, 11997799:: 22))
TThhee MMeeaanniinngg ooff OOrriieennttaalliissmm ((33)) 
OOrriieennttaalliissmm aass aa ddiissccoouurrssee wwhhiicchh 
jjuussttiiffiieess tthhee OOcccciiddeenntt ttoo ddoommiinnaattee,, 
rreessttrruuccttuurree,, aanndd hhaavvee aauutthhoorriittyy oovveerr 
tthhee OOrriieenntt.. 
TThhee rreellaattiioonnsshhiipp bbeettwweeeenn OOcccciiddeenntt 
aanndd OOrriieenntt iiss aa rreellaattiioonnsshhiipp ooff ppoowweerr,, 
ooff ddoommiinnaattiioonn,, ooff vvaarryyiinngg ddeeggrreeeess ooff 
aa ccoommpplleexx hheeggeemmoonnyy;;
TThhee MMeeaanniinngg ooff OOrriieennttaalliissmm ((33)) 
OOrriieennttaalliissmm aass aa ddiissccoouurrssee wwhhiicchh 
jjuussttiiffiieess tthhee OOcccciiddeenntt ttoo ddoommiinnaattee,, 
rreessttrruuccttuurree,, aanndd hhaavvee aauutthhoorriittyy oovveerr 
tthhee OOrriieenntt.. 
TThhee rreellaattiioonnsshhiipp bbeettwweeeenn OOcccciiddeenntt 
aanndd OOrriieenntt iiss aa rreellaattiioonnsshhiipp ooff ppoowweerr,, 
ooff ddoommiinnaattiioonn,, ooff vvaarryyiinngg ddeeggrreeeess ooff 
aa ccoommpplleexx hheeggeemmoonnyy;;

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Orientalism

  • 2.
  • 3. TThhee MMeeaanniinngg ooff OOrriieennttaalliissmm ((11)) Orientalism is an academic subject created by Orientalists as a system of knowledge about the Orient It is not an airy European fantasy about the Orient, but a created body of theory exposing and validating European superiority over Oriental backwardness.
  • 4. TThhee MMeeaanniinngg ooff OOrriieennttaalliissmm ((22)) Orientalism is a style of thought based upon an ontological and epistemological distinction made between "the Orient" and (most of the time) "the Occident." Thus a very large mass of writers, among whom are poets, novelists, philosophers, political theorists, economists, and imperial administrators, have accepted the basic distinction between East and West as the starting point for elaborate theories, epics, novels, social descriptions, and political accounts concerning the Orient, its people, customs, "mind," destiny, and so on.  ((GGrraammssccii,, 11997799:: 22))
  • 5. TThhee MMeeaanniinngg ooff OOrriieennttaalliissmm ((33)) OOrriieennttaalliissmm aass aa ddiissccoouurrssee wwhhiicchh jjuussttiiffiieess tthhee OOcccciiddeenntt ttoo ddoommiinnaattee,, rreessttrruuccttuurree,, aanndd hhaavvee aauutthhoorriittyy oovveerr tthhee OOrriieenntt.. TThhee rreellaattiioonnsshhiipp bbeettwweeeenn OOcccciiddeenntt aanndd OOrriieenntt iiss aa rreellaattiioonnsshhiipp ooff ppoowweerr,, ooff ddoommiinnaattiioonn,, ooff vvaarryyiinngg ddeeggrreeeess ooff aa ccoommpplleexx hheeggeemmoonnyy;;
  • 6. TThhee MMeeaanniinngg ooff OOrriieennttaalliissmm ((33)) OOrriieennttaalliissmm aass aa ddiissccoouurrssee wwhhiicchh jjuussttiiffiieess tthhee OOcccciiddeenntt ttoo ddoommiinnaattee,, rreessttrruuccttuurree,, aanndd hhaavvee aauutthhoorriittyy oovveerr tthhee OOrriieenntt.. TThhee rreellaattiioonnsshhiipp bbeettwweeeenn OOcccciiddeenntt aanndd OOrriieenntt iiss aa rreellaattiioonnsshhiipp ooff ppoowweerr,, ooff ddoommiinnaattiioonn,, ooff vvaarryyiinngg ddeeggrreeeess ooff aa ccoommpplleexx hheeggeemmoonnyy;;