Discussion of the intial results of why users, developers and contributers value maps generated by users.

1. Christopher J. Parker

2. Value is NOT Price!

3. Value is the Net Benefits
 Value = Gains - Gives
 "There is no universal
definition of value, but a
tailored construction of
actual usability
specifications to fit the
needs of each individual
situation" [1]
http://chris-researchblog.blogspot.com/

4. Background

5. WE Have a Problem
 For over 50 years [2] there
has been a call for more
specialist maps
 Since Paul Rademacher
created the first mashup in
2005 [3] home developers
have been creating all
kinds of maps
 Academically, all of this is
a mystery outside
computer sciences
http://chris-researchblog.blogspot.com/

6. YOU Have a Problem
 Why would people use
OpenStreetMap?
 Who are your users?
 What do they want?
 Are their concerns being
met?
http://chris-researchblog.blogspot.com/

7. Why should we research value?
 Value DOES NOT =
Quality
 Fit for purpose [4] &
conforming to requirements
[5]
 Research to date has been
conducted in ‘Computer
Sciences’ and GIS
http://chris-researchblog.blogspot.com/

8. Research Study 1 - Overview
 Centred around “Volunteered
Geographic Information” (VGI)
 How should we think about ‘Value’ in
VGI?
 What are the user base relationships?
 What are the important ‘benefits’ and
‘sacrifices’ with VGI based Maps?
 What is the background for map user-
groups?
http://chris-researchblog.blogspot.com/

9. Initial Results
http://chris-researchblog.blogspot.com/

10. Methods
 Interview Google Maps &
OpenStreetMap users,
developers, and
contributors
 Break down interviews into
118 nodes
 Looked for common
themes and trends the in
data
http://chris-researchblog.blogspot.com/

11. User Relationships
How can I make
Our maps should be
money from this? What is the best
Is everyone different
pulling together? licence
DATA INFLUENCE
VGI BUSINESS INTERNATIONAL
MASHUPS DATA OWNERS COMMUNITY
DEVELOPERS
INFLUENCE
OPINION
Flame Wars
What do I want
to do?
VGI MAP PROJECT
Will I have to
This doesn’t
pay for this?
OPINIONS have everything
CONTRIBUTORS MAILING LISTS
MAPS
Can I trust
this data?
‘Traditional’ What can I do
with this? VGI/ Corporate
Mashups
Maps Mashups
MAPS
MAPS
DATA Tradition DATA
PREFERENCE What does VGI
mean to me?
Who takes the
Blame? Don’t intrude on
us
USERS
TRADITIONAL CORPORATE
CARTOGRAPHY GOVERNMENT COMMUNITY MAP
PROGRAMS
‘Rich Picture’ by Parker (2009), base on the concept by Monk and Howard (1998)
[6]
http://chris-researchblog.blogspot.com/

12. Benefits and Sacrifices
Legal
Functional Knowledge
Volunteered
Geographic
Information
MAPS
Emotional Background
Social
Moral
Enhancement
http://chris-researchblog.blogspot.com/

13. Benefits and Sacrifices (Cont.)
Inaccuracies
OK
Incomplete data
set
Enables work
Map is better activities
than
competition
Functional Knowledge
Volunteered
Cant trust Geographic
100%
Information
MAPS
Social
Enhancement
Increases
Enables social
community
activities
contacts
http://chris-researchblog.blogspot.com/

14. Benefits
 Background  Knowledge
 Continual Improvement  Explore local
 Anyone can contribute environment
 Legal  Social Enhancement
 Maps are free*  Enjoyable community
 Functional  Enables social activities
 Better than Competition  Increases social reach
 Extra bits not on  Emotional
traditional maps  Being emotionally
 Personalisation is great connected to project
 Good data!  Hope for the future
 International Maps  Moral
 More up to date  Benefiting others
 Fitting ideology
http://chris-researchblog.blogspot.com/

15. Sacrifices
 Background  Knowledge
 Ordinance Survey is  Social Enhancement
the gold standard  Takes up time
 Legal  Emotional
 Functional  Concerned about
 Can’t trust 100% data vandalism
 Incomplete data set  Moral
 Inconsistent tags
http://chris-researchblog.blogspot.com/

16. Initial Conclusions
 People are not making full
use of VGI data
 Not aware of it
 Not understanding benefits
 Performance and
Functional (doing things)
appear allot
 Social interaction is very
important
 More research on user
benefit is needed
http://chris-researchblog.blogspot.com/

17. Future Research
Study
1 What is the general value of Volunteered Geographic
Information?
2 How do the extra details (fast food, pubs, toilets, bike
racks) make a difference to the use of the map?
3 How is user understanding of information different from
one user to the next?
4 Objective Vs Subjective volunteered information.
http://chris-researchblog.blogspot.com/

18. Summary
 The extra details are
crucial.
 Completeness is a myth,
but you can give the users
what they desire
 Social Interaction drives
volunteer activity
http://chris-researchblog.blogspot.com/

19. YOU Have a Problem
 Why would people use
OpenStreetMap?
 Who are your users?
 What do they want?
 Are their concerns being
met?
http://chris-researchblog.blogspot.com/

20. Thank You
And now, your questions!
http://chris-researchblog.blogspot.com/

21. References
 [1] WHITESIDE, J., BENNETT, J. and HOLTZBLATT, K., 1988. Usability Engineering: Our
experience and evolution. In: M. HELANDER, ed, Handbook of Human-computer Interaction. orth-
Holland, Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Ltd, pp. 791-817.
 [2] CRONE, G.R., 1968. Contemporary Cartography. In: W.G. EAST, ed, Maps and their Makers.
Fourth edn. London, UK: Hutchinson & Co LTD, pp. 166-171.
 [3] WIKIPEDIA, , January 26th, 2009-last update, mashup (web application hybrid) [Homepage of
Wikipedia (En)], [Online]. Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashup_(web_application_hybrid)
[January 27th, 2009].
 [4] JURAN, J.M., 1964. Managerial breakthrough: a new concept of the manager's job. McGraw-Hill
Companies.
 [5] CROSBY, P.B., 1979. Quality is free. McGraw-Hill New York.
 [6] MONK, A. and HOWARD, S., 1998. The Rich Picture: A Tool for Reasoning About Work Context.
Interactions, 5(2), pp. 21-30.
http://chris-researchblog.blogspot.com/