Introduction to Victorian Era
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Introduction to Victorian Era
- 3. Birth: May 24, 1819 Death: January 22, 1901 Reign: 1837-1901 (18-82years old) “Grandmother of Europe” “Empress of India”
- 26. Author’s Name Themes/Focus Genre Thomas Carlyle The bad-worse effect of industrialization Essay John Stuart Mill Analytic approach to the economic and political problems Essay John Ruskin Importance of independent thinking human values Essay William Morris Importance of independent thinking and human values Essay Matthew Arnold Unimaginative materialism of Victorians Essay
- 27. Author’s Name Themes/Focus Genre Alfred, Lord Tennyson Melancholy and Romantic Poetry Robert and Elizabeth Browning Italian Renaissance Poetry Dante Gabriel Rosetti Pure & simple images characteristics of Medieval Italian art Poetry Christina Rosetti Religious mysticism Poetry Thomas Hardy Pessimism, sense of tragedy, disappointment Poetry A.E Housman Fatalism Poetry Gerard Manley Hopkins Poetry
- 28. Author’s Name Themes/Focus Genre W.S Gilbert Ridiculous, Hypocrisy, Vitality Drama Oscar Wilde English society as devoid of emotional, moral and physical reality Drama George Bernard Shaw Origins of Social Problems and Represented the anti-Victorian tradition Drama
- 29. Author’s Name Themes/Focus Genr e Master Piece Charles Dickens Entertaining and critical of sham and hypocrisy in Victorian society Novel -Oliver Twist -Great Expectations William Makepeace Thackeray Human conflict Novel -Vanity Fair -The History of Henry Esmond Samuel Butler Social Criticism Novel -TheWay Of All Flesh Emily Bronte Human emotions Novel -Wuthering Heights Charlotte Bronte Human passion Novel -Jane Eyre Mary Ann Evans Intellectual ideas Novel -Middle March
- 30. Author’s Name Themes/Focus Genre Master Piece George Meredith Comic romances; Men weakness and female strength Novel -The Adventures of Harry Richmond Thomas Hardy Realistic tales; History Novel -The Return of the Native -Test of the D’Urbervilles -Jude the Obscure Robert Louis Stevenson Robust adventure tales Novel Storyteller Rudyard Kipling Life of India Novel Storyteller Joseph Conrad England’s attempt to justify its supremacy as an imperial power Novel Storyteller Charles Dodson Parody, irony and symbolic suggestion Novel -Alice’s Adventure in Wonderland -Through the looking glass
Editor's Notes
- INFO WILL BE SEEN HERE.
- - Queen Victoria was the successor of King William IV, her uncle. - “Grand Mother of Europe” because many of her children and grandchildren are married into royal families of European countries.
- Queen Victoria ascended the throne when she was 18years old in year 1837. The country during that time was in a very restrictive state. So as a resolution to that, Queen Victoria made some reforms in their law. Although there were injustices occurred in the era, the Victorians still made an effort to improve their society
- These are the influential prime ministers during the era. Sir Robert Peel: Chartists- aim was to call for extensions of the right to vote, the secret ballot and other legislative reforms. But despite the 10yrs of pushing, they failed to have their program passed by parliament. Anti-Corn Law League- they sought to abolish the high tariffs on imported grain. Due to the serious crop failures in England that time, Peel was convinced to repeal the controversial corn laws. Viscount Parlmerston Ended up the Crimean war or the military conflict b/w Britain and Russia
- - Disraeli promoted imperialism in 1875 He managed to acquire for England the controlling interest in Suez Canal which provides a short way to India He was the instrument of obtaining the island of Cyprus and large stretches of the Transvaal in South Africa which eventually lead to Boer War. Disraeli persuaded Parliament to proclaim QV as the Empress of India Imperialism became the national pride of the country
- -The era was a time of industrial and scientific progress. - Prince Albert, QV’s husband, made a project “The Great Exhibition of 1851, The Works of Industry of All Nations” - These inspired people at that time that these inventions will give them a better future, or as day say, “to the paradise”
- Science and Technology did not just affect the physical world of the Victorians but it also gave an effect to their thoughts and mind sets. As early as 1830, geologists formulated the theory that the earth evolved gradually over long periods of time. Most disturbing to them was the works of Charles Darwin (Natural Selection) This was found absurd by the Victorians. They were concerned instead to the Evangelical Reform
- Evangelical Reform led by John and Charles Wesley Evangelicals built churches, led revival meetings and preached Aim was to spread Christianity not only in their country but also all around the world.
- One of the reform movements w/in church of England is the Oxford Movement Under the leadership of John Henry Newman He sought to restore worship the dignity of earlier times and to protect the church from the violation by the state
- Utilitarianism became a significant force in Victorian England Utilitarian believed that the only valid test of all institutions is whether they are useful to society or it provides “the great happiness for the majority”
- Improvements in the mass production and in communication was made possible in London They established a publication named “Daily Express”
- Improvements in public transportation From having a chariot, their vehicle transformed into a car w/ engine and they also discovered the bicycle
- Entertainment centered in the church and home The typical middle-class family houses were over crowded with heavy furniture and family photographs displayed on the piano or organ On Sundays and festive occasions, the dining room table is full of dozen or different foods. Families at that time were generally larged
- Women in lower-class works in factories; Pioneering women took advantage of new educational and prof. opportunities; Great majority of women stays at home and do the household chores as a devotion to duty that emulated the example of QV
- - An awareness of the social ills brought about by industrial expansion created a new mood in the country
- - The word triumph was tinged by an undercurrent of anxiety about what the future might bring.
- - The word triumph was tinged by an undercurrent of anxiety about what the future might bring.
- On the international scene England’s leadership in the world was no longer unchallenged The US had progressed rapidly after the Civil war, and the nations of continental Europe were also fast becoming industrial rivals of Britain.
- Still, the British felt tremendously proud of their considerable achievements. Two jubilees of QV in 1887 and 1897
- British Literature of the era cannot be characterized by a single distinct style or emphasis on a particular subject Many Victorian writers PROTESTED SMUGNESS AND HYPOCRISY; SOME CLUNG TO FADING ROMANTIC IDEALS OF THE PAST; OTHERS WROTE REALISTIC INTERPRETATIONS OF LIFE
- - Poets were extremely diverse in style and subject matter.
- The novel was an especially popular form of literature in Victorian times Although many Victorians novelist were also critics, most depended for their livelihood upon the popularity of their works They were not able to be as frank in their criticism in of social values as were the poets and essayist because reading novels aloud was a popular form of family entertainment They were expected to produce something wholesome, enlightening and entertaining for every member of the family
- The novel was an especially popular form of literature in Victorian times Although many Victorians novelist were also critics, most depended for their livelihood upon the popularity of their works They were not able to be as frank in their criticism in of social values as were the poets and essayist because reading novels aloud was a popular form of family entertainment They were expected to produce something wholesome, enlightening and entertaining for every member of the family