Presentation from Meteor South Bay Meetup @ Google Moutain View on Kubernetes & Google Container Engine

1. Kubernetes &
Google Container Engine
Overview January 2015
Kit Merker
Product Manager

2. Comparing Container & VMs
Containers are like VMs, but less overhead
Physical Processor
Virtual Processor
Operating System
Libraries
User Code
Physical Processor
Virtual Processor
Operating System
Libraries
User Code
Private
Copy
Shared
Private
Copy
Shared
Virtual Machines Containers

3. Addressing developer needs
Reliable packaging and deployment is hard.
Containers can solve these problems:
● “It ran on my machine.”
● “Sorry, the installation partially failed.”
● “But we depend on v1.1! [aka ‘dll hell’]”
Traditional VM package managers don’t handle these.

4. Addressing IT/Ops needs
● Already delegate physical ops via cloud/VMs, container
clusters take that a step further
● Reduce knowledge of application specifics
● Focus on capacity, bandwidth, utilization, geo-
distribution, security, data management
● Simplify & harden handoff from dev

5. Container Cluster Orchestration
Package & run your app as
containers
Find existing container
images from others
Deploy your container on
your laptop, server, or
cloud
Container Cluster
Orchestration Engine
Declarative management
hides complexity
Open Source, Runs Anywhere
Cluster-Oriented Container
Service
Full Google Cloud Platform
Infrastructure
Powered by Kubernetes
Kubernetes Container Engine

6. Pods
Machine
Host
Machine
Host
Machine
Host
Machine
Host
Kubernetes
Agent
Kubernetes
Agent
Kubernetes
Agent
Kubernetes
Agent
Kubernetes
Master/Scheduler
A
B
● Group of containers
● Settings in a template
Behaviors
Benefits
➔ Reuse across environments
➔ Repeatable, manageable

7. Replicas
Replica managers: Managing the lifecycle of containers
Pod
frontend
Pod
frontend
Replication
Controller
#Pods: 2
Pod
Pod
frontend
Pod
v1 v1
Behavior
Benefits
● Keeps Pods running
● Gives direct control of Pod #s
➔ Restarts Pods, desired state
➔ Fine-grained control for scaling

8. Services
Service: A way to find and consume distributed systems
PodPod
Service
Client
PodPod
Benefits
● Stable address
● Decoupled from
Controllers
➔ Clients shielded from implementation details
➔ Independently control each, build for resiliency
Behavior

9. Labels
Labels: A way to manage large deployments
Pod
frontend
Pod
frontend
Pod Pod Pod
FE FE v2
● Metadata with semantic meaning
● Membership identifier
Behavior
Benefits
➔ Allow for intent of many users (e.g. dashboards)
➔ Build higher level systems …

10. Mobility
Hypervisor
Node environment
guest OS
app code
libraries
container 1
Hypervisor
Node environment
guest OS
app code
libraries
container 1
move
environment
A
environment
B

11. Mobility
Hypervisor
Node environment
guest OS
app code
libraries
container 1
Hypervisor
Node environment
guest OS
app code
libraries
container 1
move
environment
A
environment
B

12. “[Google's] ability to build, organize, and
operate a huge network of servers and fiber-
optic cables with an efficiency and speed that
rocks physics on its heels.
This is what makes Google Google: its
physical network, its thousands of fiber miles,
and those many thousands of servers that, in
aggregate, add up to the mother of all
clouds.”
- Wired
Images by Connie
Zhou

13. For the past 15 years, Google
has been building out the
world’s fastest, most powerful,
highest quality cloud
infrastructure on the planet.
Images by Connie
Zhou

14. Each week at Google we launch over
2 billion containers

15. cloud.google.com
Images by Connie
Zhou