Smart phones affect productivity, communication, social engagement, and education in both positive and negative ways. While they allow for easy access to information and constant communication, overuse of smart phones can lead to decreased social skills from excessive texting and less in-person interaction. Smart phones also present challenges in school and work environments by distracting students and reducing focus, but they make communication more convenient for businesses. Overall, smart phones both aid modern life but also contribute to "social dwarfism" due to overuse of mobile devices.