1. Computed Radiography & Direct/Indirect Digital Radiography

4. Digital & Analog 구 분 Digital 방식 기존 film 방식 저장성 피폭량 재촬영 여부 환경문제 특 징 획득시간 네트워크 Digital Storage Media(HD, CD,) 5~6m 뢴트겐 컴퓨터 처리 및 실시간 판독 가능 필름불필요 ( 환경 친화적 ) 재현성 , 영상통신 및 원격진료 수 초 이내 PACS 및 DICOM 연동 30m 뢴트겐 필름 저장공간 과다소요 재촬영 및 실시간 처리 불가 필름현상에 화공약품 사용 재현성 낮고 , 영상통신 불가능 수 분 네트워크 연동 불가

5. X-ray Imaging Technologies Imaging Plate Conventional Film/Screen System C R I.I.- DR I.I.-CCD CRT X-ray Film FPD （ Flat Panel Detector) View Box View Box (CR : Computed Radiography) ＦＰＤ CRT Wet Processor Wet Processor Image Processing Unit Ｄｉｒｅｃｔ Shot Indirect Shot Image Processing Unit Image Processing Unit

6. Computed Radiography ▶ Conventional Screen/Film System 촬영법을 대신하여 , PSL 현상을 일으키는 IP 에 영상정보가 축적 ▶ IP 에 축적된 X-ray 영상정보는 CR Reader 내부의 LASER Beam 과 PM Tube 에 의해 DSP 에 필요한 Analog 형태의 영상정보로 변환

7. Reading ► X-ray 영상정보가 축적된 IP 에 LASER Beam 을 주사 ► IP 의 X-ray 영상정보는 Light Photon 의 형태로 변환 ► 신호정보는 Fiber Optical Light Guide 를 통해 PM Tube 로 전달 ► Light Signal 을 Electrical Signal 로 변환 ► Amplifier 에서 증폭 ► A/D Converter 에서 Digital Signal 변환 Amplifier 1100110010101110010110101100110 A/D Converter PM Tube Light Guide LASER Beam Imaging Plate Optical Scanner

8. Recording/Reading/Erasing Cycle Unexposed Imaging Plate X-ray Tube Scanning Erasing Light Recording Reading Erasing

11. Digital Fluoroscopy Image Intensifier Tube Tube Application(DR/DF) Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) Digital Video Angiography (DVA) Digital Video Subtraction Angiography (DVAS) Computerized Fluoroscopy (CF)

12. CCD Technologies Optical Lens CCD Tiled Fiber Optic CCD Slit scanning X-ray Photons Light Scintillator Optics Mirrors CCD sensor CCD Array Translation Scintillator/CCD/ Fiber Optic Array Tube Collimation Mechanism Photons Scintillator Light Fiber Optic Taper Electrons CCD

13. Selenium Technology Photons Selenium Amorphous Silicon Panel (TFT Semiconductor) Digital Data Electrons Read Out Electronics

14. Image Quality Parameters  Dynamic Range & Contrast  Limiting Spatial Resolution ( LSR )  Signal to Noise Ratio ( SNR )  Modulation Transfer Function ( MTF )  Detective Quantum Efficiency ( DQE )

15. Contrast / Dynamic Range Low Contrast High Contrast Film-Screen Detector

16. Limiting Spatial Resolution (LSR) Resolution Line pair resolution pattern Radio paque bar and open space constitute a line pair.

17. Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) Decreasing Noise Increasing Contrast High SNR Low SNR Noise Signal Contrast Ratio

19. Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) Input Output Transfer MTF Spatial Frequency 1.0 1.0 1 0.5 0 0.5 -1 1 0.5 0 0.5 -1 1 0.5 0 0.5 -1 1 0.5 0 0.5 -1 1 0.5 0 0.5 -1 1 0.5 0 0.5 -1

20. Digital Detector Outperforms ... Area X-ray Absorption DQE @ 0 lp/mm @ 5 lp/mm Dynamic Range Equivalent Noise Panel Readout Time Image Display Time FFDM 19 x 23 85% 0.7 0.3 4096:1 15µR 0.3s 5s Film 18 x 24 50% 0.2 0.15 100:1 100µR ? ? *FFDM : Full-Field Digital Mammography

24. Digital Mammography HIS/ RIS 30 sec/ worklist 75 sec/ exam 75 sec/ exam 75 sec/ exam 2.5 min/ exam 2.5 min/ exam 45 sec / CD Review CD-R (option) Mass Archive (option) Laser Camera (Option) PACS Acquisition 50-60 patients/day DR 적용 사례

25. Digital Mammography - Productivity Estimated > 60% Reduction In Exam Times DR 적용 사례 First Film Out of Processor Patient in Room First Exposure Last Exposure Last Film Out of Processor QC Release Patient Conventional Exam With Film 12:10 min 1:30 4:45 2:15 :10 :05 :30 8% Repeat Rate Exam Using Digital Detector Patient in Room First Exposure & QC Last Exposure & QC Release Patient / Send Study To WS 1:30 1:45 :45 4:00 min Minimal Repeats

26. T HANK YOU!! U