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The Legend
                                  of the
                        Typical Screen Reader User



                                  Jared Smith
                               http://webaim.org




Thursday, November 12, 2009
Screen reader users prefer...




Thursday, November 12, 2009
Thursday, November 12, 2009
http://webaim.org/projects/screenreadersurvey
                                and
           http://webaim.org/projects/screenreadersurvey2




Thursday, November 12, 2009
Disclaimers

         • The sample was not controlled
         • Respondents are likely to be more technical
         • Safe to consider the sample representative
           of connected, tech-savvy screen reader
           users?


Thursday, November 12, 2009
Survey #1
                                January 2009
                              1121 Respondents

                                 Survey #2
                               October 2009
                              665 Respondents

Thursday, November 12, 2009
There is NO typical screen reader user




Thursday, November 12, 2009
Prevalence of Disability

                                       No
                                       10%




                                             Yes
                                             90%




Thursday, November 12, 2009
Screen Reader
                                Proficiency
                                         Beginner
                                           4.7%

                              Intermediate          Advanced
                                  42.8%              52.5%




Thursday, November 12, 2009
Those with disabilities
              were 6X more likely to
               report themselves as
                “Advanced” screen
                   reader users

Thursday, November 12, 2009
Internet Proficiency
                                         Beginner
                                           1.5%
                              Intermediate
                                  33.6%
                                                    Advanced
                                                     64.9%




Thursday, November 12, 2009
Primary Screen Reader
 75%



   50%


    25% 66.4%


        0%
                                 10.4%        8.9%          4.9%        2.9%    2.6%
                 JAWS          Window Eyes   VoiceOver   SA or SAToGo   NVDA   Zoomtext



Thursday, November 12, 2009
Screen Readers
                                 Commonly Used
 75%



   50%


             75.2%
    25%


                               23.5%                      22.3%        25.6%
        0%                                  14.6%
                                                                                7.5%
                 JAWS         Window Eyes   VoiceOver   SA or SAToGo   NVDA    Zoomtext




Thursday, November 12, 2009
Screen Readers
                                    Commonly Used
  75%
                                                          January 2009
                                                          October 2009
   50%


               74%            75%
    25%


                                      23%   24%                      26%
        0%                                               15%
                                                    6%          8%
                      JAWS           Window Eyes   VoiceOver     NVDA

Thursday, November 12, 2009
Screen Reader Updated in
                            the Previous Year?

                                 No
                                16.4%




                                         Yes
                                        83.6%




Thursday, November 12, 2009
Screen Reader Updates

         • Increased from 75% to 84% in 10
           months
         • 6% using a screen reader > 3
           years old

Thursday, November 12, 2009
How did you learn to use
                   your primary screen reader?
    100%

        75%

         50%

          25%          72.9%
             0%                   32.9%       24.2%
                                                         10.5%
                   Self-Taught   Informally   Training   Other


Thursday, November 12, 2009
Browser Usage
 50%

  40%

   30%

    20%

    10%           32%
                              26.2%
                                                18.8%
        0%                            12.7%                8.3%
                    IE8        IE7     IE6    Firefox 3+   Safari

Thursday, November 12, 2009
Mobile screen reader usage
 50%

  40%

   30%

    20%                                             50%

    10%

        0%                       12%
                              January 2009      October 2009

                              Up over 400% in 10 months!
Thursday, November 12, 2009
Do you see free or low-cost screen
                readers (such as NVDA or VoiceOver)
                as currently being viable alternatives to
                      commercial screen readers?

                              I Don’t Know
                                  32%
                                              Yes
                                             47.8%

                                     No
                                    19.7%




Thursday, November 12, 2009
Javascript Disabled?

                                         I Don’t Know
                                             15%
                                 No           Yes
                                74.9%        10.4%




Thursday, November 12, 2009
Problematic Items
  1.CAPTCHA
  2.Inaccessible Flash content
  3.Links or buttons that do not make sense
  4.Images with missing or improper alt text
  5.Complex or difficult forms
  6.Lack of keyboard accessibility
  7.Unexpected content changes
  8.Missing or improper headings
  9.Too many links or navigation items
  10.Complex data tables
Thursday, November 12, 2009
Progress over the previous year


                              Less Accessible   No Change
                                   33.3%           20%




                                       More Accessible
                                           46.3%



Thursday, November 12, 2009
Which of the following do you
              think has a bigger impact on
           improvements to web accessibility?
                                 Better assistive technology
                                            31.4%




                              Better (more accessible) web sites
                                           68.6%



Thursday, November 12, 2009
Use of ARIA Landmarks
                                  Sometimes use landmarks
                                           32%

       Use landmarks when present                Not supported
                 20.5%                                5%



                                     Unaware of landmarks
                                           42.1%


Thursday, November 12, 2009
Social Media Usage
 50%

  40%

   30%

   20% 47.7%                                                             51.3%
                               42%                             38.2%
    10%

        0%                                13.4%
                                                      9%
                Blogs         Facebook   LinkedIn   MySpace   Twitter   YouTube

Thursday, November 12, 2009
Social Media Accessibility
   Accessible




 Inaccessible
                              Blogs   Facebook   LinkedIn   MySpace   Twitter   YouTube




Thursday, November 12, 2009
General Social Media
                                 Accessibility
                                              Somewhat Inaccessible

                        Somewhat Accessible            Very Inaccessible

                                                       I Don’t Know

                                              Very Accessible




Thursday, November 12, 2009
Likelihood of Flash
                                  Accessibility
                                   Somewhat Likely
                                                      Somewhat Unlikely
                              Very Likely
                              I Don’t Know


                                             Very Unlikely



Thursday, November 12, 2009
Headings

                  76% always or often navigate by headings

           50.8% use headings as the primary method of
                   finding information in a page




Thursday, November 12, 2009
Other Notables
  • Text-only versions are not commonly
         accessed. Screen reader-only content is
         accessed only slightly more often.
  • Majority have difficulty with pop-up windows.
  • Prefer “Skip to main content” or “Skip to
         content” over “Skip navigation”.


Thursday, November 12, 2009
What suggestions do you have
          for developers/manufacturers
                of screen readers?



Thursday, November 12, 2009
“Focus on web standards
                            (e.g., ARIA)”



Thursday, November 12, 2009
“Be more open. Listen to
                          your customers.”



Thursday, November 12, 2009
“Lower your prices or I’ll
              switch to Screen Reader X
             (as soon as it’s fully useful).”


Thursday, November 12, 2009
“Spend more time fixing bugs
               than implementing new
            features I’ll never/rarely use.”


Thursday, November 12, 2009
“Support/fix Flash accessibility.”




Thursday, November 12, 2009
“Remove JAWS demo
                               mode restrictions on
                              evaluation and testing.”



Thursday, November 12, 2009
“Keep up the good work.
                    I can’t imagine life without
                          these wonderful
                           technologies!”


Thursday, November 12, 2009
There is NO typical screen reader user

                  ... but we can learn much about typical behavior




Thursday, November 12, 2009
The survey results pages have
               much, MUCH more

            http://webaim.org/projects/screenreadersurvey
                                and
           http://webaim.org/projects/screenreadersurvey2


Thursday, November 12, 2009
Thank You!

                                      Jared Smith
                                   http://webaim.org
                               twitter: @jared_w_smith
                                AHG hashtag is #ahg09




Thursday, November 12, 2009

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The Legend of the Typical Screen Reader User

  • 1. The Legend of the Typical Screen Reader User Jared Smith http://webaim.org Thursday, November 12, 2009
  • 2. Screen reader users prefer... Thursday, November 12, 2009
  • 4. http://webaim.org/projects/screenreadersurvey and http://webaim.org/projects/screenreadersurvey2 Thursday, November 12, 2009
  • 5. Disclaimers • The sample was not controlled • Respondents are likely to be more technical • Safe to consider the sample representative of connected, tech-savvy screen reader users? Thursday, November 12, 2009
  • 6. Survey #1 January 2009 1121 Respondents Survey #2 October 2009 665 Respondents Thursday, November 12, 2009
  • 7. There is NO typical screen reader user Thursday, November 12, 2009
  • 8. Prevalence of Disability No 10% Yes 90% Thursday, November 12, 2009
  • 9. Screen Reader Proficiency Beginner 4.7% Intermediate Advanced 42.8% 52.5% Thursday, November 12, 2009
  • 10. Those with disabilities were 6X more likely to report themselves as “Advanced” screen reader users Thursday, November 12, 2009
  • 11. Internet Proficiency Beginner 1.5% Intermediate 33.6% Advanced 64.9% Thursday, November 12, 2009
  • 12. Primary Screen Reader 75% 50% 25% 66.4% 0% 10.4% 8.9% 4.9% 2.9% 2.6% JAWS Window Eyes VoiceOver SA or SAToGo NVDA Zoomtext Thursday, November 12, 2009
  • 13. Screen Readers Commonly Used 75% 50% 75.2% 25% 23.5% 22.3% 25.6% 0% 14.6% 7.5% JAWS Window Eyes VoiceOver SA or SAToGo NVDA Zoomtext Thursday, November 12, 2009
  • 14. Screen Readers Commonly Used 75% January 2009 October 2009 50% 74% 75% 25% 23% 24% 26% 0% 15% 6% 8% JAWS Window Eyes VoiceOver NVDA Thursday, November 12, 2009
  • 15. Screen Reader Updated in the Previous Year? No 16.4% Yes 83.6% Thursday, November 12, 2009
  • 16. Screen Reader Updates • Increased from 75% to 84% in 10 months • 6% using a screen reader > 3 years old Thursday, November 12, 2009
  • 17. How did you learn to use your primary screen reader? 100% 75% 50% 25% 72.9% 0% 32.9% 24.2% 10.5% Self-Taught Informally Training Other Thursday, November 12, 2009
  • 18. Browser Usage 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 32% 26.2% 18.8% 0% 12.7% 8.3% IE8 IE7 IE6 Firefox 3+ Safari Thursday, November 12, 2009
  • 19. Mobile screen reader usage 50% 40% 30% 20% 50% 10% 0% 12% January 2009 October 2009 Up over 400% in 10 months! Thursday, November 12, 2009
  • 20. Do you see free or low-cost screen readers (such as NVDA or VoiceOver) as currently being viable alternatives to commercial screen readers? I Don’t Know 32% Yes 47.8% No 19.7% Thursday, November 12, 2009
  • 21. Javascript Disabled? I Don’t Know 15% No Yes 74.9% 10.4% Thursday, November 12, 2009
  • 22. Problematic Items 1.CAPTCHA 2.Inaccessible Flash content 3.Links or buttons that do not make sense 4.Images with missing or improper alt text 5.Complex or difficult forms 6.Lack of keyboard accessibility 7.Unexpected content changes 8.Missing or improper headings 9.Too many links or navigation items 10.Complex data tables Thursday, November 12, 2009
  • 23. Progress over the previous year Less Accessible No Change 33.3% 20% More Accessible 46.3% Thursday, November 12, 2009
  • 24. Which of the following do you think has a bigger impact on improvements to web accessibility? Better assistive technology 31.4% Better (more accessible) web sites 68.6% Thursday, November 12, 2009
  • 25. Use of ARIA Landmarks Sometimes use landmarks 32% Use landmarks when present Not supported 20.5% 5% Unaware of landmarks 42.1% Thursday, November 12, 2009
  • 26. Social Media Usage 50% 40% 30% 20% 47.7% 51.3% 42% 38.2% 10% 0% 13.4% 9% Blogs Facebook LinkedIn MySpace Twitter YouTube Thursday, November 12, 2009
  • 27. Social Media Accessibility Accessible Inaccessible Blogs Facebook LinkedIn MySpace Twitter YouTube Thursday, November 12, 2009
  • 28. General Social Media Accessibility Somewhat Inaccessible Somewhat Accessible Very Inaccessible I Don’t Know Very Accessible Thursday, November 12, 2009
  • 29. Likelihood of Flash Accessibility Somewhat Likely Somewhat Unlikely Very Likely I Don’t Know Very Unlikely Thursday, November 12, 2009
  • 30. Headings 76% always or often navigate by headings 50.8% use headings as the primary method of finding information in a page Thursday, November 12, 2009
  • 31. Other Notables • Text-only versions are not commonly accessed. Screen reader-only content is accessed only slightly more often. • Majority have difficulty with pop-up windows. • Prefer “Skip to main content” or “Skip to content” over “Skip navigation”. Thursday, November 12, 2009
  • 32. What suggestions do you have for developers/manufacturers of screen readers? Thursday, November 12, 2009
  • 33. “Focus on web standards (e.g., ARIA)” Thursday, November 12, 2009
  • 34. “Be more open. Listen to your customers.” Thursday, November 12, 2009
  • 35. “Lower your prices or I’ll switch to Screen Reader X (as soon as it’s fully useful).” Thursday, November 12, 2009
  • 36. “Spend more time fixing bugs than implementing new features I’ll never/rarely use.” Thursday, November 12, 2009
  • 38. “Remove JAWS demo mode restrictions on evaluation and testing.” Thursday, November 12, 2009
  • 39. “Keep up the good work. I can’t imagine life without these wonderful technologies!” Thursday, November 12, 2009
  • 40. There is NO typical screen reader user ... but we can learn much about typical behavior Thursday, November 12, 2009
  • 41. The survey results pages have much, MUCH more http://webaim.org/projects/screenreadersurvey and http://webaim.org/projects/screenreadersurvey2 Thursday, November 12, 2009
  • 42. Thank You! Jared Smith http://webaim.org twitter: @jared_w_smith AHG hashtag is #ahg09 Thursday, November 12, 2009