technology for touch screen cell phones. it is a paper based touch screen with high sensitivity. it uses capacitative resisitors for its working. soon to be launched. developed by neonode company.

1. Seminar Report
on
Z-Force Touch
Submitted By:-
CSE [B.TECH 5TH
SEM]

2. HISTORY EVOLUTION:-
BARNEY and Bent Stumpe, engineers from CERN,
developed a transparent touch
screen in the early 1970s and it was manufactured
by CERN and put to use in 1973. This touch screen
was based on Bent Stumpe's work at a
television factory in the early 1960s.
The prototype x-y mutual capacitance touch screen developed at CERN in 1977 by
Bent Stumpe, a Danish electronics engineer, for the control room of
CERN’s accelerator SPS (Super Proton Synchrotron).

3. MOBILE TOUCH
SCREEN TYPES
INFRA RED RESISTIVE
RESISTIVE
CAPACITIVE
INFRA -
RED
CAPACITATIVE

4. RESISTIVE TOUCH SCREEN
These are the most widely used type of screens
in mobile phones. They are resistant to water and
dust, and you can touch them with a finger, a
stylus, etc. However, they are not resistant to
scratches, and what’s more, they become less
efficient when they get one. They have a lifespan
of about 35 million touches.
A resistive touch screen panel
comprises several layers, the
most important of which are two
thin, transparent electrically-resistive
layers separated by a
thin space. These layers face
each other with a thin gap
between. The top screen (the
screen that is touched) has a
coating on the underside surface
of the screen.
A major benefit of resistive touch technology is its low cost.
Additionally, as only sufficient pressure is necessary for the touch to be
sensed, they may be used with gloves on, or by using anything rigid as
a finger/stylus substitute. Disadvantages include the need to press
down, and a risk of damage by sharp objects. Resistive touch screens
also suffer from poorer contrast, due to having additional reflections
from the extra layer of material placed over the screen.

5. CAPACITATIVE
More expensive than
resistive screens, these are
resistant to water, dust and
scratches, and have a longer
lifespan. However, you can
only activate them with
your fingers.
A capacitive touch screen panel consists of an insulator such as glass,
coated with a transparent conductor . As the human body is also an
electrical conductor, touching the surface of the screen results in a
distortion of the screen's electrostatic field, measurable as a change
in capacitance. Different technologies may be used to determine the
location of the touch. The location is then sent to the controller for
processing.

6. INFRA-RED
It works on a similar principle as
that applied in the capacitative
screens.
The major difference is that in spite
of using capacitors across the ends
of the screen, infra red radiations
are applied.
The most expensive of these three types,
these are however the most resistant
kind. The only disadvantage is that they
are activated with warmth; so if your
fingers are frozen in the winter, there is a
good chance you may not be able to
activate your phone.

7. Z-Force Touch Screen
Neonode has patented and commercialized the zForce® (an abbreviation
for “zero force necessary”) touch technology, which was designed to
overcome many of the limitations of today’s touch screens. The premise of
the Company’s approach entails the projection of an infrared grid across an
electronic display. As users tap, swipe, or write on the screen, zForce®
detects the location of the touch based on the interruption in infrared light
projecting across the screen, which translates to coordinates on the grid.
Neonode overcomes limitations of both resistive and capacitive
screens with its zForce® technology—creating a next-generation
touch surface that the Company believes can be more
economical as well as higher performing than either of the main
technologies in use today. Currently, projected-capacitance touch
screens represent the mainstream technology for multi-touch
interfaces. However, zForce® also enables the convenient multi-touch
features of capacitive screens but at the cost structure of
more affordable resistive technologies.

8. WORKING PRINCIPLE
Neonode’s controller projects a grid of infrared light beams across the display
layer. Touch is detected as a finger or object interrupts (by obstructing or
reflecting) the light beams projected across the screen surface, which identifies
the X and Y coordinates of the touch. The zForce® infrared optical touch screen
relies neither on pressure nor conduction, enabling consumers to use a
Neonode touch screen barehanded or while wearing gloves, holding pens or
styluses, etcetera.

9. The zForce Technology pulses an infrared light across the
screen at a rate of up to 120 times a second so the grid is
continuously refreshed. As the user’s fingers move
across the screen, the grid’s coordinates where the
screen is touched are converted into mathematical
algorithms in a process that is unique to Neonode.

10. ADVANTAGES:-
1. The power consumption is as low as 1mW at 100Hz. Battery life of
tablet devices will benefit from such a new type of touch screen.
2. It is cheaper technology as compared to the resistive and capacitative
touch screens.
3. . It does not use the electrical properties of the human body to track
movement.
DISADVANTAGES:-
1. A raised bezel is placed around the screen.
2. 1ms response times are quite possible with this new technology
and there is little to no lag.