This document is a lesson on the English grammar points "have to" and "must" from Raymond Murphy's book Grammar in Use. It is divided into multiple sections (A-D) that provide explanations and examples of when to use "have to" versus "must". Key points covered include:
- "Have to" is used for obligations due to external factors, while "must" can be used for personal reasons.
- However, there is little practical difference in speaking. "Have to" is generally safer to use.
- The negatives, past forms, past negatives and future forms of "must" and "have to" are explained.
- Section D notes that "have got to" can
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Unit 30-A have to and must
⽇日本語訳を答えましょう
I have to do my assignment.
課題をしなければならない。
You have to follow the rule.
ルールに従う必要がある。
have to 〜~しなければならない(義務)
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Unit 30-B have to and must
must と have to の違いは?
I must go to the bathroom.
I must drink coke.
I have to do my homework.
I have to follow the rule in school.
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Unit 30-B have to and must
must と have to の違いは?
I must go to the bathroom.
I must drink coke.
mustは個⼈人的な理理由で使う。
I have to do my homework.
I have to follow the rule in school.
have toは外的要因によるときに使う。
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Unit 30-C have to and must
否定⽂文に直して⽇日本語訳を答えましょう。
I mustnʼ’t fix this laptop.
私はこのパソコンを直してはいけない(禁⽌止)
I donʼ’t have to fix this laptop.
私はこのパソコンを直す必要はない
(不不必要)
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Unit 30-C have to and must
英作してみましょう。
Bethは昨⽇日、早く起きなければなかった。
Beth had to get up early yesterday.
Daikiは明⽇日、本を2冊 買う必要があるでしょう。
Daiki will have to buy 2 books tomorrow.
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Unit 30-D have to and must
現在形についてはhave to の代わりにhave
got toを使うことができる。
I have to work overtime.
I have got to work overtime.
残業しなければなりません。
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Unit 30-D have to and must
義務の⽤用法でのまとめ
否定 過去 過去の否定 未来
must mustnʼ’t had to didn't have to will have to
have to donʼ’t have to had to didn't have to will have to