8. Developing multiple-choice (MC) questions poor better Guideline 1: The stem of an item should be meaningful by itself and should present a definite problem A scientist… a. Consults the writing of Aristotle. b. Debates with fellow scientists. c. Makes a careful observation during experiments. d. Thinks about the probability. How does a scientist discover new facts? a. Consulting the writing of Aristotle. b. Debating with fellow scientists. c. Making careful observations during experiments.* d. Thinking about the probability.
9. Developing MC questions poor better Guideline 2: Make all choices plausible to uninformed students What are electrons? a. Negative particles* b. Positive particles c. Neutral particles d. Mechanical tools What are electrons? a. Negative particles* b. Positive particles c. Neutral particles d. Nuclei of atoms
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11. Developing MC questions poor better Guideline 3: Arrange the responses in a logical order if it exists How many bonding electrons does an oxygen atom have? a. 3 b. 5 c. 6 d. 2* e. 4 How many bonding electrons does an oxygen atom have? a. 2* b. 3 c. 4 d. 5 e. 6
12. Developing MC questions poor better Guideline 4: Avoid extraneous clues to the correct and incorrect choices Increasing the temperature will increase the pressure of a gas in a sealed container because a. No container expansion b. Gas particles constantly more c. Gas particles collide with each other d. More gas particles collide with each other and with the container walls* Increasing the temperature will increase the pressure of a gas in a sealed container because a. Gas particles move more rapidly b. Gas particles expand bigger c. Gas particles collide more with each other d. Gas particles collide more with the container*
13. Developing MC questions poor better Guideline 5: Avoid using the “none of the above”, “all of the above” and “I don’t know” alternatives According to Boyle’s law, which of the following changes will occur to the pressure of a gas at a given temperature when the volume of the gas is increased? a. increase b. decrease* c. no change d. none of the above According to Boyle’s law, which of the following changes will occur to the pressure of a gas at a given temperature when the volume of the gas is increased? a. increase b. decrease* c. increase first, then decrease d. no change
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