2. Sanitation issues
Sanitation
– the promotion of hygiene and prevention of
disease by maintenance of sanitary
conditions (as by removal of sewage and
trash)
2.4 billion people in rural and urban areas do
not have access to adequate sanitation
services. 1
Over 90% of sewage in developing countries
is discharged untreated, polluting rivers, lakes
and coastal areas. 1
Picture from: http://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/factsheet.html
3. Problems
Water supply
– Distant or unreliable
sources
Expenditure of
time and energy, or
seeking alternative
source
– Poor Quality
Contaminated,
fecally or
chemically can
cause illness2
Picture from: http://www.waterencyclopedia.com/Da-En/Developing-
Countries-Issues-in.html
4. Problems
Excreta Disposal
– Lack of safe facilities
for disposal of human
feces
Contamination of
soil, surface water
and groundwater
– Lack of hygiene
promotion
spread of disease 2
Picture from:
http://www.gtz.de/en/themen/umwelt-infrastruktur/wasser/8528.htm
5. Solutions
Political support
– Make regulations
– Financial
Public education
– Support of the sanitation efforts
Technologies and facilities
– Provide clean water, and waste
management
6. Benefits
Improved health
– Better sanitation, less disease and illness
Safer water supply
– Treatment facilities, storage
Cleaner environment
– Waste management
Economic growth
– Less illness, more productivity
7. Resources:
1. Environment International. Vol. 31 issue 3. Ecological Sanitation—a
way to solve global sanitation problems? Günter Langergraber and Elke
Muellegger
– http://www.sciencedirect.com/science
2. Journal of the Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental
Management, Vol 13, pp 292-296, August 1999. Impact and Sustainability of
Community Water Supply and Sanitation Programmes in Developing Countries.
Richard C Carter, Sean F Tyrrel, and Peter Howsam,
– http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi
=10.1.1.23.3867&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
3. Postnote, The Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology. Dec.
2002, number 190.
– http://www.parliament.uk/post/pn190.pdf
4. Issues in Developing Countries. Jeffrey W. Jacobs
– http://www.waterencyclopedia.com/Da-En/Developing-Countries-Issues
