Green IT

Département des constructions et des technologies de l'information
Centre des technologies de l'information

27.01.09 - Page 1

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/7823387.stm


27.01.09 - Page 2

Two search requests on the internet website Google produce "as much
carbon dioxide as boiling a kettle", according to a Harvard University
academic.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/7823387.stm

US physicist Alex Wissner-Gross claims that a typical Google search on a
desktop computer produces about 7g CO2.

However, these figures were disputed by Google, who say a typical search
produced only 0.2g of carbon dioxide.

"In 2007, we co-founded the Climate Savers Computing Initiative. This non-
profit consortium is committed to cutting the energy consumed by
computers in half by 2010 and so reducing global CO2 emissions by 54
million tons per year. That's a lot of kettles."

http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/01/powering-google-search.html

Informatique et environnement
le carbone est-il soluble dans le silicium ?

Giorgio Pauletto
Observatoire technologique


27.01.09 - Page 3

L’ « informatique verte » est identifiée comme l’un des sujets stratégiques
pour les années à venir. Ce sujet offre des opportunités certaines mais
est aussi lourdement repris comme argument marketing.

Est-ce une mode ?

Quels domaines présentent des opportunités pour nos organisations ?

Quelle analyse faire pour y voir plus clair ?

L'objectif de ma présentation est de vous donner un aperçu des
recherches récentes sur l'influence que l'informatique produit sur
l'environnement.

Contexte


27.01.09 - Page 4

Tout le monde en parle:
Kofi Annan mardi ouvre le Forum Humanitaire Mondial par ces mots: "Les
changements climatiques sont le défi de notre génération. Ils ont déjà un
impact dévastateur sur des dizaines de millions de personnes à travers le
monde. C'est maintenant qu'il faut agir."

OCDE:
1 – Recession: Even a deep and prolonged recession will not help in facing the
GHG emission problem – it is likely to slow world emissions growth temporarily,
yet we need large and lasting emission cuts, reducing them to around one-
fourth of current levels over the longer-term to achieve climate stabilization

2 – Risks: Should some of the climate risks materialize, the economic costs of
climate change would be much higher than those from the current financial
crisis.

3 – Investments: Least-cost action would be expected to start small, thereby
entailing low initial costs.

4 – Opportunities: Government efforts to address the financial crisis can also
present opportunities to encourage a lower-carbon recovery, eventually leading
to more climate-friendly growth paths.
http://www.oecd.org/document/59/0,3343,en_2649_33713_41818555_1_1_1_1,00&&en-USS_01DBC.html

Depuis environ 2 ans, on ne compte plus les articles de journaux, reportages et
rapports sur le sujet.Les décideurs au niveau politique, économique et
informatique commencent à intégrer ce paramètre de plus en plus fortement
dans leur stratégies. Nous devons nous y préparer.

http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rechauffement_climatique


27.01.09 - Page 5

Le réchauffement climatique est un phénomène d'augmentation de la
température moyenne des océans et de l'atmosphère, à l'échelle
mondiale et sur plusieurs années. Dans son acception commune, ce
terme est appliqué au changement climatique observé depuis environ
vingt-cinq ans, c'est-à-dire depuis la fin du XXe siècle. La plupart des
scientifiques attribuent à ce réchauffement global une origine en
grande partie humaine.

Le Groupe d'experts intergouvernemental sur l'évolution du climat (GIEC)
est chargé d'établir un consensus scientifique sur cette question. Son
dernier et quatrième rapport, auquel ont participé plus de 2 500
scientifiques de 130 pays différents[2], affirme que la probabilité que le
réchauffement climatique soit d'origine humaine est de plus de 90%.
Cette thèse est néanmoins encore contestée par une minorité de
scientifiques.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_opinion_on_climate_change

Voir aussi « The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change »,
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/306/5702/1686

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto_Protocol


27.01.09 - Page 6

This figure shows the annual fossil fuel carbon dioxide emissions, in million
metric tons of carbon, for a variety of non-overlapping regions covering
the Earth.

Data source: Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center [1].

Regions are sorted from largest emitter (as of 2000) to the smallest and
links to the original data and lists of countries appear below:

http://fr.youtube.com/watch?v=hieXsOa328g


27.01.09 - Page 7

« Une vérité qui dérange » (An Inconvenient Truth, titre en anglais) est un
film documentaire américain traitant du changement climatique,
spécialement du réchauffement planétaire, réalisé par Davis
Guggenheim. Al Gore, ancien vice-président des États-Unis d'Amérique
et nouveau prix Nobel de la paix 2007, y tient le premier rôle.

Sorti en mai 2006 sur les écrans de New York et Los Angeles puis au
festival de Sundance, le film a reçu trois fois une standing-ovation.
Diffusé au festival de Cannes et divers autres festivals à travers le monde
(Durban et Brisbane notamment).

Le film a rapporté plus de 49 millions de dollars en entrées de cinéma,
faisant de lui l'un des plus gros succès dans le genre du
documentaire.


27.01.09 - Page 8

Le film met en scène l' « ex futur président » des États-Unis --- comme il se
présente lui-même --- Al Gore.


27.01.09 - Page 9

Le film est un succès populaire et politique. Il marque la société globalement
en 2006 et remet en selle Al Gore comme figure politique dans le sens
originel du terme.

Gore et la Paramount, le distributeur du film, ont utilisé la recette afin de
financer des campagnes éducatives sur le changement climatique


27.01.09 - Page 10

Le film gagne un Oscar comme meilleur film documentaire en 2007 (et
même un second comme Meilleure chanson originale).


27.01.09 - Page 11

En 2007 Al Gore est co-lauréat, avec le GIEC, du Prix Nobel de la paix
pour «leurs efforts afin de mettre en place et diffuser une meilleure
compréhension du changement climatique causé par l'homme, et de jeter
les bases des mesures nécessaires pour contrecarrer un tel
changement»

http://www.dotsub.com/films/globalwarming_2


27.01.09 - Page 12

Est-ce vraiment un sujet nouveau? Certainement pas.
Est-ce vraiment un sujet important? Absolument.

« The Unchained Goddess » part of educational science documentaries
were popular favorites for showing in school science classrooms.

Informatique et environnement


27.01.09 - Page 13

ICT accounts for approximately 2% of global CO2 emissions — which, to give
a point of reference, is roughly equivalent to that of the aviation industry.
This figure includes estimates for PCs, servers, cooling, UPS, fixed and mobile
telephony, LANs, WANs, printers, disk storage, and printers.
If left unchecked, the absolute CO2 emissions and the percentage of global CO2
will grow as we see continued growth in software applications and the volume and
use of ICT-related equipment. Despite the unquestionable, overall environmental
value of IT, this is unsustainable. It has to be tackled by all stakeholders in the
industry through product innovation, standards, legislation and a change in use
behavior. Even if the environmental issues are ignored, the power costs alone
justify the attention.
The good news is that because of the massive inefficiencies in the
technology and use behaviors, actually achieving substantial improvements
is not too hard.
The 2% of global CO2 emissions that information and communications
technology (ICT) accounts for includes the in-use phase of PCs, servers,
cooling, data center uninterrupted power supply (UPS), fixed and mobile
telephony, LANs, WANs, printers, and disk storage. It also includes an
estimation of the embodied (used in design, manufacture and distribution)
energy in the large-volume devices, namely PCs and cell/mobile phones. It
includes all commercial and government IT and telecommunications
infrastructure worldwide. It does not include consumer electronics other
than cellular, mobile telephones and PCs.
The real figure for the range of equipment we have defined is probably somewhere
between 1.8% and 2.1%, but it is impossible to be precise because of the limited
data available related to actual power consumption and use behaviors. We believe
2% to be a good estimation at this stage; however, as we develop our research in
the area, we will update these numbers.

SMART 2020, Global e-Sustainability Initiative


27.01.09 - Page 15

While the sector plans to significantly step up the energy efficiency of its
products and services, ICT’s largest influence will be by enabling
energy efficiencies in other sectors, an opportunity that could deliver
carbon savings five times larger than the total emissions from the entire
ICT sector in 2020.



27.01.09 - Page 16

2% vs 98%

27.01.09 - Page 17

Having reached heat densities far beyond historical high-water marks,
customers were straining to provide power and cooling to handle racks
consuming tens of thousands of watts. The pressure translated to a mix of
market demand and customer pressure on the technology providers, which
have responded with a big shift in priorities, with designing, placing power
and cooling high on the list. Inefficiency is being attacked in power supplies,
fans and other elements. Furthermore, management techniques to reduce
power use when not needed by the workload, first developed for mobile
devices in which battery life was a constraint, are appearing in fixed
equipment, including the data center.

1er ordre
(effet direct, court terme)

Émissions de gaz Déchets Matériaux Ressources rares
à effets de serre électroniques dangereux non renouvelables

2e ordre
(utilisation, moyen terme)

Substitution de Optimisation E-commerce Systèmes de contrôle
déplacements de transports E-gouvernement environnemental

3e ordre
(impact socio-économique,
long terme)
Intensité Intensité de gaz à Intensité des Intensité des
d'énergie effets de serre transports matériaux
Gartner, Green IT, Cannes Symposium, 2007


27.01.09 - Page 18

ICT has a positive and negative impact on the environment.

The first-order effects are the direct impact of ICT on the environment, such
as contamination throughout the life cycle, greenhouse gas emission (GHG)
and so on. Second-order effects (ICT's ability to change business processes
to improve or otherwise increase the environmental impacts of those
processes; for example, travel substitution, e-business) and third-order
effects (long-term changes to behaviors or economic structures). Explored by
the Institute for Prospective Technological Studies for the European Commission in
its 2004 report, "The Future Impact of ICTs on Environmental Sustainability." First-
order effects are understood reasonably well; second-order effects, somewhat
understood, but patchy; third order, very little.
Enterprises and vendors can influence first- and second-order effects. Policy
makers can and will influence all 3. The overall effect at a macroeconomic level is
that ICT does impact the material, energy and transportation intensity of the
economy.

Regulations are multiplying and have the potential to seriously constrain
companies in building data centers, as the impact on power grids, carbon
emissions from increased use and other environmental impacts are under scrutiny.
Other regulations aim to reduce the impact of electronics when disposed by
minimizing harmful materials and promoting more recycling. Rate structures and
rebate programs are created to further these environmental goals; these help lower
the costs of running IT if taken into account.
Some companies are emphasizing their social responsibility behavior, which might
result in vendor preferences and policies that affect IT decisions.
Scheduling decisions for workloads on servers will begin to consider power
efficiency as a key placement attribute.


27.01.09 - Page 19

From an enterprise IT management perspective, there are three degrees of
environmental impact for any enterprise:

● First-degree impact is the environmental impact of IT and the communications used
by the enterprise. This includes electronic waste and asset disposition; consumption
of nonrenewable resources such as energy in the data center for desktop computers,
printing and networking gear; the energy embodied in the full life cycle of each asset;
and user behavior.
● Second-degree impact is the environmental impact of an enterprise's business
operations and supply chain, regardless of whether the end result is a product,
service, or a combination of a product and service. This includes the environmental
effects of material and energy consumption; emissions or waste from manufacturing
and all operational processes; paper consumption for administrative purposes;
lighting, heating and cooling for buildings; workforce commuting and mobility; vehicle
fleets; supply chain impact; waste disposal; and so forth. The energy component of all
this becomes part of the "embodied energy" in a product or service — that is, the
energy used in its manufacture and distribution.
● Third-degree impact is the environmental impact in the "in use" phase or delivery
phase of the enterprise's products and services — that is, the direct impacts of
procurement and use of the products and services.
A few examples will help clarify our discussion. For a car manufacturer, the energy
that goes into assembling cars, manufacturing components by its supply chain
and having them shipped, performing R&D, and testing is part of the second
degree of impact. The gas used for cars and their carbon dioxide emissions are
part of the third degree. Finally, IT that runs the factory, as well as all other
processes, constitutes the first degree of impact. For a retail bank, the second
degree is primarily about paper consumption, employees' commutes and air
conditioning in offices. The third degree concerns the carbon footprint of
clients: Do they need to move and come to counters? Can they do all they need
to do from home or office?

Le quoi et le comment
Comment répondre à ces opportunités
et menaces ?

Fournir Apporter Conduire le
les outils les idées changement

Entreprise

Quelles sont les
opportunités et
Métier
menaces pour
l'organisation ?

Technologie

Adapté de Gartner


27.01.09 - Page 20

A quel niveau agir?

Politiques

Durabilité
Processus Critères
Styles de travail Reconnaissance
Mesure CO2 Transparence
Technologies Compensations
Dématérialisation
Télétravail Achats Important pour
Consommation un service public!
Recyclage
Virtualisation

Prise de conscience

Adapté de Accenture, Shaping the Green Agenda


27.01.09 - Page 21

● Technologies
● Imprimantes, postes de travail, Wi-Fi, Virtualisation
● Pratiques de travail:
● Dématérialisation (Papier, Email, Web, Signature digitale)
● Télétravail (Interdit, Exceptionnel, Possible, Encouragé, Par
défaut)
● Processus:
● Critères (Coût/Qualité, Demandé mais pas un critère, Si egal
alors critère, Demandé aux fournisseurs, Exigé des
fournisseurs, Aussi important que le coût/qualité)
● Fournisseurs locaux
● Liste des composants IT (Qu'est ce qui tourne où et pourquoi)
● Responsabilité sociale:
● Impact sur le C02 (Minimiser coûts, Sources renouvelables,
Compensation C02, Impact neutre/positif)
● Déchets, récupération (Mesurés, compensés, réduits,
favorisé, obligatoire)
● Communication

« Lean or Green? »

It’s about saving money, not the environment.
− The Economist, Green computing, Feb 8th 2008

1. Gestion de la climatisation des salles informatiques
2. Consolidation des serveurs, virtualisation
3. Clients légers et Software as a Service
4. Ressources logicielles, processeurs multi-cœurs
5. Impact de la dématérialisation
6. Mobilité et travail à distance


27.01.09 - Page 22

1. et 2. concernent la production
3. et 4. le développement
5. et 6. l'organisation


27.01.09 - Page 23

Immediate Issues
"Green IT: Immediate Issues for Users to Focus On" provides tangible and immediate recommendations,
covering the next two years, that users need to focus on. It explores the eight important areas of:
• Modern data center facilities' design concepts / • Advanced cooling technologies / • Use of modeling and
monitoring software / • Virtualization technologies for server consolidation / • Processor design and server
efficiency/ / • Energy management for the office environment / • Integrated energy management for the
software environment / • Combined heat and power
Users looking to build or refurbish their data centers, or looking to improve energy efficiency in their office
environments, need to take urgent actions. However, there is confusion about how mature some of the
technologies are, and how the possible options should be prioritized. This research will help to outline what
is appropriate in the short term and what is technically feasible
Midterm Issues
During the next two to five years, many green technologies will mature and become important to IT groups
looking to develop "greener" IT organizations. However, much of the planning and assessing of the
appropriateness and cost of using these new products needs to be examined earlier, and in the context of
an overall IT strategy. This is especially the case where potential government legislation (affecting building
design, for example) may come into force. "Green IT: Midterm Issues for Users to Focus On" explores the
eight areas of:
• Green IT procurement / • Green asset life cycle programs/ • Environmental labeling of servers and other
devices / • Videoconferencing / • Changing people's behaviors• Green accounting in IT/ • Green legislation
in data centers / • Corporate social responsibility (CSR) and IT programs
This research also provides guidance to IT organizations that are looking to work with other parts of the
business, such as CSR groups or governance teams. It offers suggestions that the IT group can use to
change employee behavior with respect to green issues.
Long-Term Issues
There are many green IT technologies, services and projects that will span the next five to 20 years. Much of
the industry hype (or "greenwash") sits in this area and is causing confusion for users. They are unclear
about whether carbon-trading programs will become the norm, or whether it will be possible to recycle
energy from data centers in a simple and cost-effective way. "Green IT: Long-Term Issues for Users to
Focus On" covers the following seven areas:
• Carbon offsetting and carbon trading / • Data center heat recycling / • Alternative energy sources / •
Software efficiency / • Green building design / • Green legislation / • Green chargeback
This research provides guidance to users looking at the issues of green chargeback, and buying or
designing energy-efficient software. It also provides numerous recommendations that are strategic in
nature, yet practical.

Postes de travail

Gérer Acheter Débrancher


27.01.09 - Page 24

http://www.climatesaverscomputing.org/

Turn on Power Management: The average desktop PC wastes nearly half of the energy it
consumes as heat. This wasted electricity translates to higher electricity bills and
increased greenhouse gas emissions. Using power management features on your
computer can save nearly half a ton of CO2 and more than $60 a year in energy
costs. Making some simple changes to your computer’s power management settings
is an easy and inexpensive way to make a difference in your environmental impact.
With a few mouse clicks, your computer can be set to automatically go to “sleep”
when it’s not in use.

Buy Energy-Efficient Computers: A new ENERGY STAR compliant PC or laptop uses 15
to 25 percent less energy on average than a standard new computer. ENERGY STAR
4.0 is expected to save consumers and businesses more than $1.8 billion in energy
costs over the next 5 years and prevent greenhouse gas emissions equal to the
annual emissions of 2.7 million vehicles. Choose an ENERGY STAR compliant
computer the next time you’re in the market for a new PC. Look for the ENERGY
STAR label or visit the online product catalog to browse for an efficient PC.

Unplug from phantom power : As long as they are plugged in, your computer and other
electronic devices continue to use electricity – even when they are turned off or in
standby mode. A computer uses up to 10 watts when it is turned off but still plugged
in. Fun Fact: You can reduce your electricity bills by as much as 10% by unplugging
appliances and electronics when they are not in use. What you can do: Plug all your
electronics into one power strip so you can easily switch them all off when you leave
the room or go to sleep.

Atténuer et s'adapter

Atténuation: réduire le réchauffement
climatique et les émissions de gaz à
effets de serre.

Adaptation: réduire la vulnérabilité des
personnes et de la nature aux changements
climatiques, par exemple à une augmentation
de la température.


27.01.09 - Page 25

Mitigation: reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the extent of global
warming. Increased effort to develop new technologies and carefully
manage others in an attempt to mitigate global warming.

Adaptation: reduce the vulnerability of natural and human systems against
actual or expected climate change effects. It is unlikely that levels of
greenhouse gases can be kept low enough to avoid a projected
temperature rise of 2 °C

Global IT strategy for CO2 reductions, June 2008, WWF


27.01.09 - Page 26

High-carbon feedback
A situation where an IT service encourages new services, behavior and
institutional structures that result in increased CO2 emissions.
Some IT investments can, even if they help reduce CO2 emissions in the
short term, support higher emissions over time, resulting in a high-carbon
feedback and a high-carbon “lock-in”.

Low-carbon feedback
A situation where an IT service encourages new services, behavior and
institutional structures that result in reduced CO2 emissions.
Some IT investments can support a system that provides a low-carbon
feedback that helps support an accelerated reduction of CO2 emissions.
These solutions are crucial if we are to achieve a transformative change
and reach the significant emission reductions necessary to avoid
dangerous climate change.

Example Videoconferencing: (1) Service feedback: more users make
the system more attractive and the more users the less travel is
used. (2) Structural feedback: more use triggers more investments
in broadband and access therefore fostering the use of flexible and
distance work. (3) Systemic feedback: bring a change in the
organization from buying travel to buying meetings, this can be
applied throughout the organization.

10 initiatives pour 1 milliard de tonnes de CO2

1. Smart City Planning 6. Smart Industry
2. Smart Buildings 7. Smart Grid
3. Smart Appliances 8. Integrated Renewables
4. Dematerialization Services 9. Smart Work
5. I-optimization 10.Intelligent Transport

Global IT strategy for CO2 reductions, June 2008, WWF


27.01.09 - Page 27

1. Smart City Planning: Deploy modern simulation and analysis software to improve
urban design and planning to optimize energy efficiency.
2. Smart Buildings: Use sensors and controls in buildings to improve efficiency and
tailor energy use to energy needs.
3. Smart Appliances: Utilize IT components (Microprocessors and ASICs) within
appliances to improve efficiency and tailor appliances use with actual needs.
4. Dematerialization Services: Use IT as a form of “service delivery”, substituting
physical products and interactions – i.e. ‘use bits instead of bricks’.
5. I-optimization: Use IT-based controls and knowledge management systems within
individual production processes to improve operations, save energy and increase
efficiency.
6. Smart Industry: Deploy design tools and software to forecast, simulate and
analyze energy use in production processes to ensure low carbon design of plants
and processes.
7. Smart Grid: Deploy smart meters and communication technologies within electricity
networks to enable two way communication between energy users and energy
producers and to deliver advanced services such as “time of use metering” or
“remote demand management”.
8. Integrated Renewable Solutions: Utilize simulation, analytical and management
tools to enable a wide deployment of renewable energy, for example removing
existing bottlenecks present in transmission infrastructure or enabling a wider use
of distributed generation.
9. Smart Work: Leverage the Internet and other advanced communication tools to
work remotely and avoid business trips or physical commuting.
10. Intelligent Transport: Deploy advanced sensors and controls, analytical models,
management tools, and ubiquitous telecommunications to provide relevant
information to enable less polluting forms of transport (such as public transport).

Computing sustainability, 19 June 2008, The Economist



27.01.09 - Page 28

Smart motors: A review of manufacturing in China has identified that
without optimization, 10% of China’s emissions (2% of global emissions)
in 2020 will come from China’s motor systems alone and to improve
industrial efficiency even by 10% would deliver up to 200 million tonnes
(Mt) CO2e savings. Applied globally, optimized motors and industrial
automation would reduce 0.97 GtCO2e in 2020, worth €68 billion ($107.2
billion).
Smart logistics: Through a host of efficiencies in transport and storage,
smart logistics in Europe could deliver fuel, electricity and heating savings
of 225 MtCO2e. The global emissions savings from smart logistics in
2020 would reach 1.52 GtCO2e, with energy savings worth €280 billion
($441.7 billion).
Smart buildings: A closer look at buildings in North America indicates that
through better building design, management and automation 15% of
North America’s buildings emissions could be saved. Globally, smart
buildings technologies would enable 1.68 GtCO2e of emissions savings,
worth €216 billion ($340.8 billion).
Smart grid: Reducing T&D losses in India’s power sector by 30% is
possible through better monitoring and management of electricity grids,
first with smart meters and then through integrating more advanced ICTs
into the so-called energy Internet Smart grid technologies were the
largest opportunity found in the study and could globally reduce 2.03
GtCO2e , worth €79 billion ($124.6 billion).

Conclusions


27.01.09 - Page 29

Coûts de l'énergie et
des émissions de carbone

Image de l'organisation et
Est-ce une impact sur la société
mode ?

Réglementations et
mesures politiques


27.01.09 - Page 30

NON, ce n'est pas une mode !

Les coûts de l'énergie et les effets des émissions ne sont que
temporairement stabilisés, la tendance est largement à la hausse.

L'image des organisations et des gouvernements est en jeu: les citoyens et
les clients demandent un comportement social et écologique
responsable.

La réglementation et les protocoles politiques nationaux et internationaux se
mettent en place: création de marchés de carbone, taxes, quotas,
incitations, ratification d'accords, etc.

3 constats principaux

1. L'informatique contribue aux
problèmes mais aussi aux solutions
2. Les effets induits sont plus
importants que ceux de
l'informatique elle même
(98% contre 2%)
3. Cela ouvre un créneau à de
nouveaux investissements ou tout au
moins à de nouvelles allocations des
ressources


27.01.09 - Page 31

● IT is a contributor to environmental problems and part of many
solutions. Governments will need to deal with both aspects at
the same time.
● Geographical imbalances will gradually be reduced as the
environment becomes a global political priority. Local
governments will be more directly affected, because the most
visible environmental concerns are under their direct policy
responsibilities.
● Green IT will lead to new IT investments, as well as to changes
in the way IT spending is assessed and managed.

3 recommandations

1. Évaluer les domaines dans lesquels l'informatique à
une influence par rapport à l'environnement
(matériel, services, changements)
2. Se préparer à intégrer les aspects écologiques dans sa
stratégie et dans sa prise de décision
(achats, renouvellements, organisation, projets, etc.)
3. Savoir éviter les arguments marketing et commerciaux
des fournisseurs qui « lavent plus vert »
(politique et information claires)


27.01.09 - Page 32

Standards et critères pour les produits EnergyStar (Gouvernement US) et
EPEAT (Organisation non gouvernementale).

● Government CIOs must consider different areas of potential
impact on discretionary and nondiscretionary IT spending
(such as those discussed here), and assess their readiness, in
terms of the ability to communicate internally and externally
what is being done and why.
● Government CTOs and operations managers must start looking
at how green IT requirements can affect infrastructure and
architectures.
● Business-unit managers, as well as portfolio managers, must
prepare to articulate and prioritize the "environmental value of
IT," and factor this issue into decision making.

Références
● SMART 2020: Enabling the Low Carbon Economy in the Information Age,
20 June 2008, Global e-Sustainability Initiative.
http://www.gesi.org/index.php?article_id=210&clang=0

● Global IT strategy for CO2 reductions, June 2008, WWF.
http://www.panda.org/ict/

● Gartner, Research on Green IT, Simon Mingay, Rakesh Kumar.
http://www.gartner.com/ (subscription only)

● Computing sustainability, 19 June 2008, The Economist.
http://www.economist.com/business/displaystory.cfm?story_id=11585208

● Green computing, 8 February 2008, The Economist.
http://www.economist.com/science/displaystory.cfm?story_id=10668512

● Shaping the Green Agenda, Accenture.
http://www.accenture.com/Global/Technology/Technology_Consulting/ShapingtheGreenAgenda.htm

● The Unchained Goddess, 1958, Frank Capra.
http://www.dotsub.com/films/globalwarming_2/index.php?autostart=true&language_setting=en_4510


27.01.09 - Page 33


27.01.09 - Page 34

Green IT

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to Green IT

Similar to Green IT (20)

More from Giorgio Pauletto

More from Giorgio Pauletto (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Green IT

Editor's Notes