1999 KF Annual Report

ANNUAL REPORT 1999 TH FI FI YE E RST FTY ARS JOHN S. JAMES L. KNIGHT FOUNDATION AND

T TABLE CONTENTS he John S. and James L. Kn i ght Fo u n d a ti onwas estab- OF l i s h ed in 1950 as a priva te fo u n d a ti on independen t of the Knight bro t h ers’ news p a per en terprises. It is C h a i r m a n’s Letter 2 ded i c a ted to furthering their ideals of s ervi ce to com mu n i ty, to the highest standards of journalistic excell en ce and to the Pr e s i d e n t’s Message 4 defense of a free press. In both their publishing and philanthropic undertakings, History 5 the Kn i ght bro t h ers shared a broad vision and uncom m on devo ti on to the com m on wel f a re . It is those ide a l s , as well as Philanthropy Takes Root 6 The First Fifty Years their ph i l a n t h ropic intere s t s , to wh i ch the Fo u n d a ti onremains 8 History at a Glance faithful. 11 To heigh ten the impact of their grant making, Knight Fo u n d a ti on’s tru s tees have el ected to focus on four programs, Programs and Initiatives 23 e ach with its own el i gi bi l i ty requ i rem en t s : Com mu n i ty Community Initiatives In i ti a tive s , Journalism, Educati on and Arts and Cu l tu re . 24 Community Indicators Project In a ra p i dly ch a n ging world, the Fo u n d a ti on also remains 32 Journalism flexible en o u gh to re s pond to unique ch a ll en ges, i deas and 34 Education proj ects that lie beyond its identified program are a s , yet wo u l d 42 Knight Foundation Commission f u l f i ll the broad vi s i on of its fo u n ders. on Intercollegiate Athletics None of the grant making would be po s s i ble wi t h o ut a 50 Arts and Culture sound financial base. Thus, preserving and enhancing the 52 Foundati on’s assets thro u gh pru dent investm ent managem en t con ti nues to be of paramount import a n ce . Trustees and Officers 60 Staff 62 Advisers 64 Index of Grants 65 Treasurer’s Report 82 Auditors’ Report 83 Financial Information 84 Production Credits 88 Guidelines and Application Inside Back Cover

D ays before the first half of the 20th cen tu ry ends, two bro t h ers dedicated to news p a per publishing and their associates sit down in Akron, Ohio, for the first meeting of a newly minted enterprise called Knight Foundation. They start with a mere $9,047 and an interest in helping to strengthen their ch o s enfield of journalism as well as the commu n i ties wh ere they live and work . Fifty years later, a new century and new millennium provide sobering challenges and dramatic opp ortunity for the trustees, staff and advisers of a vastly expanded institution, the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation. The lessons of the past and the prospects for the future unfold in this 50th anniversary annual report. While much has been accomplished, more – much more – remains possible. 1 1 9 9 9 AN N UA L R E P O RT

1999 CHAIRMAN’S LET TER ‘THE PEOPLE ARE ENTITLED TO T H E T RU T H.’ – JOHN S. KNIGHT T The exp an ded history secti on and its he statements by the Knight brothers above reflect the distinct personalities accom p a nying timeline in this report detail an organization built with care . At thei r of two very different men who found- core , the Knights were men who believed in ed this organization, now a half century in the making. I was privileged to know both of them, providing opportunity through charitable giving. Well before there was a Fo u n d a tion, professionally and personal ly. I grew up in they honored their father, Ak ron publisher Akron, where the Knight name is as familiar as Goodyear, Goodrich and Firestone. and civic leader C.L. Kn i gh t , t h ro u gh a memorial education fund. The loans and Jack Knight was a consummate newsman, scholarships from that source helped score s as straightforward in his Editor’s Notebook columns as he was in his personal dealings with of young Ohioans in the 1940s. It is interest- W. Gerald Austen, M.D. ing to learn how, well before the existen ce of colleagues. In the 1960s, Jack Knight told a the Foundati on , the Knight family ’s bel i ef in education reader: “Although you have found me stubborn, exasperating, frequently wrong, unpredictably right, liberal, conservative, p l ayed a role in shaping the splendid lives of Frank Si m onetti and Lu c i m a rian Roberts (see page 6). drastic and moderate, at least you have been reading me. And Al ong with the program narra tives revi ewing the activities that is all I can expect.” Jim Knight was a superb businessman, a down-to-earth of 1999, this report looks at the evolution of several signature efforts that help define Knight Foundation’s work in its family man. Despite their different temperaments and per- first 50 years. An impressive roster of nationally respected sonalities, the brothers shaped a newspaper company, with the help of many, founded on the tenets of journalistic excellence individuals offer their thoughts on the differences these efforts have made in people’s lives, and we thank them for their per- and sound financial performance. “Jack was of a different gen- spective. eration,” Jim said. “If I had any troubles, I would give him a The Foundation’s early life, with its activities reflecting honk. Sometimes he’d call me and say ‘What do you think?’ As the interests of busy men preoccupied with the task of operat- a com bi n a ti on , I think we were most unusual, and this has ing newspapers of excellence, stands in great contrast to the been partly responsible for our success.” organization that exists today. But the clear outlines of their The legacy of that success is this independent Foundation, interests – stronger communities, quality journalism and the launched in Akron in December 1950. A half century pales in protection of a free press – were established in those early comparison to the millennium of human achievement now years, leaving a very clear path for the Foundation’s trustees to drawing to a close, and yet 50 years does provide an opportu- follow. nity to review and assess the past. The deaths of the Kn i ght bro t h ers – Jack in ’81, Jim in ’91 This annual report reminds us that the Kn i ght bro t h ers wi s h ed to give back to the field of journalism in which they – led to an infusion of assets that dramatically changed the t h rived , and to the communities where they lived and worked . While nu m erous improvem ents in our fields of i n terest and in our communities have occ u rred since 1950, we are reminded The Year in Review Jan. 1 – Dec. 31, 19 9 9 daily that many ills continue to plague our soc i ety. We have s een many dedicated indivi duals and orga n i z a ti ons thrive with Assets: $1.889 million help from Knight Fo u n d a ti on funding, and we have learn ed Grants paid out: $53.1 million i m portant lessons along the way as their partn ers . One of the Proposals received: 1,295 key lessons we’ve learn ed in our first 50 years is this: Kn i ght New grants approved: $69.5 million (311 grants) Fo u n d a ti on most important work lies ahead . ’s Average grant size: $233,606 2 JOHN S. JAMES L. K NIGHT FOUNDATION AND

1999 CHAIRMAN’S L ETTER ‘SE RV I C E TO YO U R C O M M U N I T Y I S I N S E PA RA B L E F RO M YO U R R E S P O N S I B I L I T Y A S A N EWS PA PE R M A N.’ – JAMES L. KNIGHT co u rse of the Foundation. With the guidance We intend to keep our ob s erva ti on of this and vi s i on of Lee Hills, my predece s s or as ch a i r- go l den annivers a ry simple. Jack and Jim Knight man, Kn i ght Fo u n d a ti on en tered the 1990s, and would have insisted on that. now a new cen tu ry, poi s ed to make an incre a s- Those of us who knew them, however, can’t ingly significant con tri buti on . The $69 mill i on help but wonder what they’d think, here in in new grants approved in 1999 alone is a star- 2000, about the philanthropic entity they cre- tling figure for us, held up against the fact that ated. A year after Jack’s death in 1981, the it took 40 years before the Fo u n d a ti on had dis- Foundation’s assets were still a modest $24 mil- tri buted its first $100 mill i on. lion. I suspect he’d grouse a bit now about all Our 1999 activities of fer a sense of the the meetings and all the paperwork involved in growth and exc i tem ent ahead. We intro- making good use of those $69 million in grants Lee Hills du ced our first grants from the interd i s c i p l i- we approved. I believe he’d be proud of our nary IDEAS Fu n d , c re a ted to give opportunity to projects efforts to support the writing program at Cornell, his alma that merge the interests of our four programs. The new mater, and in the success achieved by our midcareer journal- fund hel ped us commit $3 million to Macon , Ga.’s com- ism fellowship programs, our Knight Chairs in Journalism preh en s ive plan to revitalize its historic down town. The program, and by the journalists working overseas in the Knight IDEAS Fund will en courage us to think of ways to blend In tern a ti onal Press Fellowship progra m . our program interests and en courage inno- Jim Knight would probably of fer his typical vation by leveraging more funds. “aw, s hu cks.” Jim gave generously in his life- Our commitment to knowing more about time, to the Foundation and to his communi- the 26 communities where the Knight brothers ti e s . Af ter he and Ma ry Ann Kn i ght con- were involved in newspapers took a big step in tributed $5 million to Mount Sinai Medical 1999 with the Community Indicators Project Center in Miami Beach, Jim spoke from the (page 32). Through surveys with residents, and heart: “This town has been awfully kind to me, by co mpiling up-to-date information about and shrouds don’t have pockets. I’d rather see our communities’ needs and opportunities, we the money go to good uses than to taxes.” now have a va lu a ble re s o u rce to help the Ending the first 50 years of grant making Foundation make more effective grants. with nearly $2 billion in assets means that the We enter 2000 without our wonderful col- real work lies ahead and that the journey is just John W. Rogers Jr. league, Lee Hills, whose unique relationship beginning. Even as we pause momentarily to with the Knight brothers made him, in many ways, the archi- reflect on a half century of good works by good people, our tect of this organization. Lee was a great newsman, a superb board and staff are in the early stages of a strategic review for businessman and a dear friend to us all. Through 40 years as a the next five years and beyond. We hope the successes, the les- trustee, he offered all of us a keen sense of the vision the sons learned and signature efforts of the first 50 years position Knights had for the future of the Foundation. I routinely us to accomplish even more in the future. sought his advice and benefited greatly from his wisdom. I can’t remember a time when he was wrong in his judgment. I speak for us all when I say Lee will truly be missed. We eagerly anticipate the additi on of Ch i c a goan John W. Rogers Jr. to our board of tru s tees, and we ex press out gratitu de W. Gerald Austen, M.D. to Tom Jo h n s on of CNN for eight years of dedicated service. Chairman 3 1 9 9 9 AN N UA L R E P O RT

P 'S MESSAGE RESIDENT M easured against the full sweep of wh en North Korea invaded the So uth in June human history, 50 years are little and decl a red a state of n a ti onal emer gency in more than a nanosecond. Measured December after the Chinese army charged ac ross against the two centuries-plus of our national the DMZ. This was just five years after the end history, it is a significant slice of time. But how- of World War II and 13 years before Vietnam was ever else you view it, the half century in which to become embl a zon ed on the nati onal psych e . the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation Finally, while tel evi s i on had alre ady become came into existence and grew to its pre s ent size an unavoidable presence on the two coasts, the has been a time of wrenching, accelerating first transcontinental television broadcast was change. Th ere is no reason to believe the next 50 s ti ll a year off. The ch i ef threat to the dominance ye a rs wi ll be any less dynamic and unset t l ed. of newspapers as the pre-eminent means of com- Hodding Carter III As this annual report makes clear, Knight m n i c a ti on was rad i o, and a paltry one at that. u Foundation has moved through a number of phases since it Why this recitation of scattered factoids? Because they was founded in 1950. There have been midcourse corrections, help frame the nature of the profound transformation of the major additions to programs and occasional sharp turns in national and international environment over the last half of the road . The underlying commitment to its two core missions the 20th century. has become ever ste ad i er, however. Knight Fo u n d a ti on bel i eves No less certainly, t h ey stron gly su ggest that seismic changes it should give back to the com mu n i ties where the Kn i ght are going to be the norm for dec ades to come. Whether we are brothers made most of t h eir wealth and that it should pre s erve, talking abo ut the way Americans treat each other in this time pro tect and invigorate freedom of press at home and abroad . of accel era ting divers i ty, how our econ omy all oc a tes wi n n ers That said, however, no institution that merely sat on its and losers or how we com mu n i c a te and do business with each inertial inclinations could have remained relevant to the needs other – all is in flux. of a nation which has gone through the demographic, eco- It is against this largely undigested past and dimly per- nomic, social and political transformat ions of the United ceived future that the nation’s institutions, no less than its States between 1950 and 2000. Consider just a few: people, will be making their way in the coming years. For phi- In 1950, the U.S. pop u l a ti on of 151 mill i on was just 55 lanthropies, and indeed for all of us, the future simultaneous- percent as large as today’s 275 mill i on. The face of that pop u- ly demands unapologetic grounding in basic principles and an l a ti on was far different from tod ay’s. Whites and African- ungrudging willingness to try radically different approaches Americans, the latter then some 10 percent of the total, toget h- to dealing with radically shifting realities. er accounted for all but a fracti on of Americans. Tod ay, n on - Knight Fo u n d a ti on is fortu n a te in that its fo u n ders Hispanic wh i tes com prise little more than 70 percent of the repeatedly spoke of its role as venture capitalist, journeying population, Hispanics 12 percent, African-Americans about 13 i n to the untried and unproven in search of workable percent and Asians/Pacific Is l a n ders around 4 percent. approaches to new oppo rtunities and problems. Remaining As the complexion of the nation has changed, so have true to the larger v ision enunciated by both Jack and Jim many of its customs and mores and the definition of what the Knight is our best guide to the 21st century. As in our first 50 society finds acceptable. In 1950, racial segregation was still years, there will be no dearth of opportunities to venture, to legally sanctioned by the U.S. Supreme Court as the law of the innovate and to risk in the years ahead. As in those first 50 land in any state that wished to embrace it. All Southern states years, the one certainty is that there are few to no certainties did, and segregation in fact if not in law prevailed virtually about the nature of the future. There can be no more exciting everywhere else. Poverty stood at around 25 percent, com- prospect and challenge. pared to today’s 13 percent. Women’s place remained in the home and kitchen, except for those whose e conomic needs absolutely required that they work and a relative handful of more affluent trailblazers. Hodding Carter III President Truman opened 1950 by authorizing develop- Pre s i dent and CEO ment of the hydrogen bomb, responded with military force 4 JOHN S. JAMES L. K NIGHT FOUNDATION AND

HISTORY 5 1 9 9 9 AN N UA L R E P O RT

P TA K E S RO HILANTHROPY OT L “When I think back, the ike many philanthropists, the Knight brothers learned John S. Knight scholarship the importance of giving back to com munity from started the way,” she said. family. Charles Landon Knight, publisher of the Akron Dr. Simon et ti , p a rt of the Beacon Journal from 1907 to 1933, made it a practice to help first group of stu dents to worthy students pay for c ollege. Following C.L. Knight’s receive Kn i ght Mem orial fund- death, eldest son Jack Knight carried on the tradition. From i n g, shares that vi ew. “Th a t’s 1940 until 1950, when its remaining assets helped establish the only way I could have gone Knight Foundation, the Knight Memorial Education Fund to graduate sch oo l . I graduated provided college scholarships and loans to promising young in 1933 from North Hi gh wh en students from the Akron region. the terri ble Depre s s i on was Many of those young fund recipients became great con- Lucimarian Tolliver, 1946 Howard graduate on,” he said.“I didn’t go to col- tributors to their ow n communities. That’s certainly true, lege right aw ay because I had no money.” some 60 years later, of Dr. Frank Simonetti of Akron and In 1936, he entered Akron University to study business Lucimarian Roberts of Biloxi, Miss. administration and play football. He excelled in both, most Both grew up in lower- to middle-class neighborhoods in notably in his studies. “They weren’t all A’s, but I believe I had prewar, industrial Akron. Simonetti’s parents, first-generation the second-highest average of all the students when I graduat- Italian immigrants, settled in Dean Heights where they ran a ed magna cum laude in 1940 with a bachelor’s degree in busi- little neighborhood grocery. Their son went to Akron North ness administration.” High School and played football. Graduate school seemed unlikely. “I was interested in the As part of the great So ut h ern migra ti on , Lucimarian business program at Boston University, but with no money, I To ll iver’s grandparents had moved to Ak ron from Alabama. couldn’t do it on my own.” He heard about the Knight fund Her family’s nei gh bors were Russian and Czech o s l ovakian and was introduced to John Berry, then the Beacon Journal’s i m m i grants, d rawn to work in Akron ru bber plants. She went vice president. “This was April 1940,” said Simonetti. “Mr. to East Hi gh . “Our sch ools were integrated, and yet we still Berry said: ‘If we establish the fund, you’ll get some. If we were so sep a ra te,” she said. “I was one of the very few bl ack don’t, you’ll get yours anyhow.’ s tu dents in my time enco u ra ged to take co ll ege preparatory “Well, they set it up. Meantime, I was accepted for the co u rses. graduate fellowship program at Boston University. I requested and received from the Knight group $600. You didn’t need much money then.” Lucimarian Tolliver Roberts had a similar experience. After high school graduation in 1942, she received $300 from the Knight fund to attend Howard University. Getting there was the beginning of a lifetime of adven tu re for an ad m i t- tedly naïve young woman. “When that train pull ed into Akron, my parents didn’t know you needed a reservation,” she said. She boarded the train and sat beside Mamie Hansberry, who was also heading to Howard with her father, Carl Hansberry. In sitting next to Mamie, she took Mr. Hansberry’s seat. When the porter asked for her ticket, Lucimarian was told she’d have to go to the smoker car. The elder Hansberry gra- ciously gave up his seat and went to the smoker car, leaving the future roommates together for the long ride. Lucimarian Roberts attended Howard from 1942 to 1946. Lawrence and Lucimarian Roberts, with daughter Robin 6 JOHN S. JA M E S L . K N I G H T F O U N D AT I O N AND

PHIL TAKES RO ANTHROPY OT “I graduated in June 1946 with final stages of the war to work at the children’s home “for the a degree in psychology. I used mighty salary of $25 a week.” Her husband got his second lieu- that $300 for that whole four tenant’s bars in 1944, and the couple married in 1947. years. That’s a long time ago. She and their four children accompanied Lawren ce When I remember how much Roberts as his Air Force career took him to more than two money it was, and how far dozen postings in the United States, as well as overseas. They that money took me, I have to encountered racial prejudice in Minnesota, where an assign- laugh.” ment was abruptly canceled when the black officer showed up. Si m on et ti finished his In the South of the ’50s and ’60s, they traveled by night to master’s in business adminis- avoid run-ins with white Southerners. Mrs. Roberts taught tration in one ye a r. He through o ut , i n cluding tutoring Af ri c a n - Am erican en l i s te d Frank Simonetti in 1940 as a graduate student returned to Akron to work for men and officers in Japan. A posting at Keesler Air Force Base Goodyear, but jumped at the chance in 1942 to teach at his in Biloxi in 1969 led them to call the Mississippi coast home. alma mater’s college of business. During a distinguished Their children include ABC and ESPN spor ts broadcaster career there, he left only to receive his docto rate at Indiana Robin Roberts; New Orleans TV anchor Sally-Ann Roberts; University in 1955. Dorothy Roberts McEwen, cofounder of the Genesis Foun- “At Indiana, they asked me where I was going when I got dation; and Houston-based educator Lawrence Roberts Jr. my degree, and I said back to Akron. They asked me why, and At age 76, M rs . Roberts is one of Ms s i s s i pp i ’s most i I said, ‘Well, to work with the kind of kids who need a good accom p l i s h ed civic leaders . She was on the Ms s i s s i ppi Boa rd i education.’ The kind of kid I was.” of Edu c a ti on from 1984 to 1993 and served as chair for two Simonetti became the first head of the university’s indus- years. She also ch a i red the boa rd of the New Orleans branch of trial management department. In the ensuing decades before the Federal Re s erve Bank of Atlanta. his retirement from teaching in 1990, he traveled extensively, “In my essay that I had to write for the Knight scholarship en co u n tering his students in managem ent po s i ti ons in Akron, I remember I said I wanted to come South to help my peop l e , n ever dreaming I was going to be here in around the world, all working for Goodrich or Firestone or Mississippi.” Goodyear in Europe, the Middle East and the Orient. “I came back to Akron purposely to serve those students, and I arranged for a lot of them to go to grad school,” he said. “They couldn’t have done it on their own any more than I could have done it on my own.” In 1987, the College of Business Administration created the Dr. Frank L. Simonetti Disting u i s h ed Bu s iness Alumni Aw a rd in his hon or. Am ong the rec i p i ents is Dr. Jack Si m on et ti , a 1965 Ak ron grad . He’s the eldest of Fra n k Simon et ti ’s two ch i l d ren. Of Akron, Frank Simonetti says: “I wouldn’t go anywhere else. I love this town; look at how good it’s been to me.” Like Simonetti, Lucimarian Tolliver Roberts’ life was changed at college. She thrived socially at Howard and was elected president of a campus women’s group as a senior. She met visiting dignitaries, including Eleanor Roosevelt. And she m et her futu re husband, L awren ce Roberts. As Am erica entered World War II, he enlisted and became a Tuskegee Airman, one of the first group of African-American men trained as fighter pilots. She returned to Akron during the Dr. Frank Simonetti in Akron 7 1999 ANNUAL REPORT

T FIRST FIFT YEARS HE Y T he John S. and James L. Knight Foundation originat- 180,000 shares of Kn i ght News p a pers stock from the Kn i gh t s’ ed with the Knight family’s belief in the value of edu- mother, Cl a ra I. Knight, who died in Novem ber. Faced with the pro s pect of administering a much larger financial aid pro- cation. The brothers’ father, Charles Landon Knight, h ad a trad i ti on of helping financially strapped stu dents pay for gram, the board of trustees voted in 1966 to end assistance for t h eir co ll ege edu c a ti on . To hon or his memory, the Kn i gh t college students and to replace it with grants to colleges and universities. Over the next few years a limited number of cul- Memorial Edu c a ti on Fund was establ i s h ed in 1940 to provi de financial aid to co ll ege stu dents from the Ak ron area. tural and educational institutions in Akron, Miami, Charlotte Su pported with con tri buti ons from the Ak ron Be acon Journal, and Detroit – cities where the Kn i ghts own ed news p a pers – were ad ded to the Fo u n d a ti on list of grant recipients. ’s the fund existed until Decem ber 1950 wh en its assets of $9,047 were tra n s ferred to the newly cre a ted Knight Foundation. A tu rning point came in 1972 wh en the boa rd of tru s tees Incorporated in the state of Ohio, Knight Foundation authorized the sale of Clara Knight’s stock in a seco ndary offering by Knight Newspapers. The sale raised $21,343,500, was or ga n i zed principally to carry out the work of the Kn i gh t Memorial Education Fund. Almost from the beginning, how- increased the Foundation’s assets to more than $24 million ever, the Foundation made small grants to educational, cul- and initiated an expanded gr ant program focused on the growing number of cities where the Knights published news- tural and social service institutions – mostly in Akron – and on a very limited basis for journalism-related causes. papers. Journalism, especially the education of journalists, For the first 10 years the Foundation’s assets came from became a matter of more pronounced funding interest. Even with an expanded grant program that totaled more contributions from the Akron Beacon Journal and The Miami than $1 million a year, the Foundation did not occupy a sign i f i- Herald and personal g ifts by Jack and Jim Knight. Other cant p a rt of Jack or Jim Kn i gh t’s time or interest at this point. Knight newspapers began to contribute small amounts in the In 1974 several events occurred that laid the cornerstone early 1960s – a move that led to a limited number of grants to for a m uch larger Knight Foundation. Jack Knight’s wife, cities from which the contributions came. Beryl, died, and he underwent major surgery, thus creating Newspaper con tri buti ons stopped in 1965 with the concern among his associates about the future of Knight Foundation’s first major infusion of a s s ets – a bequest of 8 JOHN S. JA M E S L . K N I G H T F O U N D AT I O N AND

THE FIRST FIFTY YEARS Newspapers. Concurrent with these circumstances, Knight with almost 25 percent of grants supporting journalism-rel a ted Newspapers mer ged with Ri d der Pu bl i c a tions to cre a te causes. Knight-Ridder, at the time the largest newspaper company in Little more than a year after Maidenburg took the reins, the country. Jack Knight was its biggest shareholder. he fell ill. Jack Knight asked one of his friends, C.C. Gibson, Heading the newly formed company as chairman and an Ak ron civic activi s t , to fill in. By 1978 it was cl e a r CEO was the merger’s architect, Lee Hills, former president of Ma i denburg could not retu rn , so Gibson was named president. Knight News p a pers . A close fri end and assoc i a te of the One of Jack Knight’s directives during these final years of Knights for more than 35 years, Hills was the first person out- his life was that the Foundation’s trustees consider its f utu re. side the family to head Knight Newspapers. He had been a The outcome was an early and largely informal stra tegi c plan- Foundation trustee since 1960. ning exercise that re sulted in direct statem ents from Hills recognized that Jack K night’s status as Knight- Jack and Jim Knight about Foundation governance and grant Ridder’s largest shareholder placed the company in a precari- making. Their preferences reflected a desire for an optimum ous position. If the elder Knight died, leaving the bulk of his amount of flexibility “on the grounds,” Jack Knight wrote, estate to his heirs, they would be forced to sell most of their “that a tr uly effective foundation should have freedom to Knight-Ridder stock to pay the estate taxes. That would leave exercise its best judgment as required by the times and condi- Knight-Ridder vulnerable to management by outside interests tions under which they live.” and possibly a takeover by those who understood little or Jack Knight died on June 16, 1981. The task of s ettling his nothing about newspapers and less about journalism. estate requ i red five years. Wh en the final tra n s fer of funds to Recognizing that both Knight-Ridder’s future and Jack the Fo u n d a ti on occurred on May 5, 1986, the distri buti on from Knight’s legacy of quality newspapers and journalistic integri- the bequest to t a l ed $428,144,588, making Kn i ght Foundati on ty were threatened by such a scenario, Hills moved slowly and the 21st largest U.S. foundati on based on asset size . gently to present his friend with another option: leaving the bulk of his estate to the Foundation. Knight initially had little use for the idea. He intended to leave the Foundation nothing. Then, over a social dinner at Hills’ home, Knight began to reconsider seriously as Hills and his wife, Tina, discussed the possibility with their friend and his soon-to-be wife, Betty Augustus, the widow of a Cleveland industrialist. Shortly thereafter Knight rewrote his will, asking Hills to journey to Cleveland to review the docume nt with his attorney. Signed in April 1975, the will left the bulk of his estate to Knight Foundation. Few friends and associates knew abo ut the bequ e s t . Nonetheless, the Foundation took on a new character. In late 1975, the Foundation acquired its first office and hired its first two full-time employees. Ben Maidenburg, a Beacon Journal news executive, was named president. Maidenburg had been a Foundation trustee since 1957 and had served as the Foundation’s part-time manager. Shirley Follo, his longtime secretary, followed him to the Foundation. Over the next few years the Foundation focused on grants to educational and cultural institutions in the 11 cities where Knight Newspapers published. In addition, journalism education and free press issues emerged as a Foundation interest 9 1999 ANNUAL REPORT

T FIRST FIFT YEARS HE Y During that five-year period, Hills – at the request of Jim Creed Black, a veteran Knight-Ridder news executive and for- Knight, the Foundation’s new chairman – guided the board in mer publisher of the Lexington Herald-Leader, assumed the an intense strategic planning process that resulted in a gover- pre s i dency. Under Bl ack’s leadership the Foundation’s nati on a l nance structure as well as programming and financial poli- presence grew with such high-profile efforts as the Knight cies. That planning process served as the blueprint for the Commission on Intercollegiate Athletics, a blue-ribbon com- Foundation’s work for the rest of the 20th century. mission that advocated for reform of college athletics for six Key decisions in 1986 included expansion of the board of years; the Knight Chair in Journalism, a program that sought trustees from nine to 13 and adoption of a committee process to elevate the quality of education at the nation’s best journal- that enabled all trustees to participate fully in programming, ism schools by attracting notable working journalists to serve finance and personnel policy making. Hills was elected board as educators through an endowed chair; and the National vice chairman and appointed chairman of the Program and Community Development Initiative (NCDI), the largest phil- Planning Committee. anthropic collaboration in U.S. history. In becoming a found- In grant making, a formal Cities Program emerged in ing member of NCDI, the Foundation joined with other more than 30 cities where Knight-Ridder had properties. In national grant-makers in what would eventually become a journalism, the Foundation built on the Knights’ legacy of decade-long program to strengthen community development support for education as the cornerstone of quality journal- corporations in support of their efforts to bring needed hous- ism by establishing, salvaging or strengthening some of the ing and economic and social services to urban neighborhoods profession’s most prestigious midcareer fellowship programs across America. for journalists. Host insti tuti ons inclu ded Ha rva rd , Yale, In 1990 the board of trustees voted to relocate the Columbia, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the Fo u n d a ti on’s head qu a rters from Ak ron to Miami, wh ere University of Michigan, the University of Maryland and several board members liv ed or spe nt considerable time. Stanford, where the John S. Knight Fellowships were estab- Simultaneously, the staff nearly doubled to 14 – an outgrowth lished in 1982. of the growing complexity of grants, the increased amount of Soon thereafter, the board created separate programs for money given away and the need for more sophisticated over- education and arts and culture, the two fields in which the sight of the Foundation’s $522 mill i on portfo l i o. The Foundation had traditionally made most of its local grants. Foundation also reached a milestone: In its first 40 years, it The new programs made the Foundation a national funder in had given away a total of $100 million – a sum that would these areas – a move immediately reflected through the Excel- increase more than fourfold by the end of the decade. lence in Undergraduate Education Program, an initiative that Prom pted by the dramatic and rapid changes, the gave 39 liberal arts colleges and universities the opportunity board in late 1990 decided to initiate a strategic planning to test new approaches to curriculum, diversity and other process to review current programming and create a blueprint instituti onal-strengthening ch a ll enges. The Excellence progra m for the future. Before the first meeting was held, however, Jim was soon fo ll owed by Pre s i den tial Le adership Grants for small, Kn i ght died in Febru a ry 1991, l e aving a bequest to the priva te liberal arts co ll ege s , many of t h emserving special pop- Foundation that eventually totaled $200 million. ulations. In recogn i ti on of t h eir cre a tivi ty and the promise of Hills was elected to succeed Jim Knight as chairman, t h eir leaders h i p, the Fo u n d a ti onsu rpri s ed the leaders of these while W. Gerald Austen, M.D., an internationally known heart instituti ons with modest ch ecks (at firs t , $100,000, and later, surgeon and the surgeon-in-chief at Massachusetts General $150,000) to be used at their discreti on . Hospital, was elected vice chairman to succeed Hills. Just as he The Foundati on also laid the gro u n dwork for the crea- had at Knight Newspapers, Hills once again became the first ti on of the Newspaper Management Center at Northwestern nonfamily member to head a Knight organization. Austen, a University, where a strong business school united with a high- board member since 1987, was the Knights’ physician and ly regarded journalism school to provide midlevel and senior longtime friend. newspaper executives critical training for managing a news- Aware that Jim Knight’s bequest made the strategic plan- paper for the 21st century. ning process even more timely and impor tant, the board A key change in leadership occurred in February 1988 as undertook an extensive one-year strategic planning exercise 10 JOHN S. JA M E S L . K N I G H T F O U N D AT I O N AND

HISTORY GLANCE AT A Excellence in Undergratuate in Education conference, 1993. Henry King Stanford and Ben Maidenburg, left, Cornel West Knight Foundation with Jack Knight on trustees, 1986. Knight’s 85th birthday Alvah Chapman, Barbara Toomey, James L. Knight, Henry King Stanford, John F. Kennedy, C.C. Gibson, Charles John S. Knight Gordon Heffern, Landon Knight at IAPA gathering standing; Lee Hills, in Miami James L. Knight, Nov. 18, 1963 seated Early members of Lee Hills Knight Foundation's Knight Newspapers Jim Knight's family. LeRoy Walker, board included go public, 1969. Left to right: president of the Lee Hills, far left; Left to right: son-in-law Reed Toomey, United States Jim Knight, center; Alvah H.Chapman, daughter Marilyn North, Olympic Committee, Blake McDowell, James L. Knight, daughter Marjorie Crane, was a member of the second from right a Knight Jim Knight, Knight Foundation Newspaper trader, wife Mary Ann Knight, Commission Lee Hills, daughter Barbara Toomey, on Intercollegiate Creed C. Black Clara John S. Knight and daughter Beverly Olson Athletics Irene Knight 1950 1954 1965 1966 1969 1972 1975 1978 1980 1981 1982 1986 1987 1988 1989 Knight Foundation was The first grant to a journalism Clara I. Knight, the Knights’ The board of trustees voted to Congress passed the Tax Reform To raise enough cash for the Jack Knight signed his final will, C.C. Gibson, a longtime Akron The board of trustees concluded John S. Knight died on June 16, The board of trustees voted to Knight Foundation became the The new Journalism Program Creed Black, publisher of the The Education Program established with $9,047 in organization, the Inter mother, died Nov. 12, bequeathing end the financial aid program Act of 1969, which severely new legislation’s grant payout leaving the bulk of his share of civic activist and friend of its first strategic planning exercise leaving the Foundation 6,356,504 extend grant making to all cities 21st largest foundation in the was launched with major grants Lexington Herald-Leader, suc- launched its first initiative, Akron, Ohio, to carry out the American Press Association, the Foundation 180,000 shares for college students and to restricted the business holdings requirements, the Foundation the newly created Knight-Ridder Jack Knight, replaced an ailing with a key decision to continue shares of Knight-Ridder stock served by Knight-Ridder Inc., U.S. with the final transfer of for midcareer fellowships at ceeded C.C. Gibson as president. Excellence in Undergraduate work of the Knight Memorial supported a scholarship fund. of Knight Newspapers stock, replace it with direct grants to of foundations and required a arranged for the sale of Newspapers Inc. to Knight Maidenburg as president. the program of grants focused then valued at $241.5 million. though the decision was not fully funds from the John S. Knight Harvard, Columbia, Stanford, Education. Over the next Education Fund, a college then valued at $5.2 million. individual colleges and universi- minimum payout in grants. Clara Knight’s stock in a Foundation. The Foundation on journalism and the 11 James L. Knight succeeded his implemented until the final estate. The bequest totaled the Massachusetts Institute of The board added two new three years, nearly $10 million scholarship and loan program The bequest was the Foundation’s ties and state associations of secondary offering by Knight opened its first office in Akron cities where the original Knight brother as chairman. An intensive settlement of John S. Knight’s $428,144,588. Technology and the University national program areas – Arts was provided to 39 private that had been created in first major infusion of assets. higher education institutions. Newspapers. The sale raised with two full-time employees: Newspapers were published. five-year planning effort, guided estate in 1986. of Michigan. At the University and Culture and Education. liberal arts colleges for innovative 1940 to honor the memory On a highly selective basis, the $21,343,500. The Foundation Ben Maidenburg, former Akron The board also voted to expand by long-time trustee Lee Hills, The Foundation adopted its of Maryland, the Foundation projects that strengthened of Charles Landon Knight, Foundation also began making embarked on an expanded Beacon Journal executive the board of trustees by adding began to prepare the Foundation A $4 million grant endowed first statement of purpose, created the Knight Center The Foundation established the undergraduate education. father of John S. and grants to educational and grants program, continuing editor, who served as president, one new family member – Jim for its much larger asset base the John S. Knight Fellowships which reaffirmed the two for Specialized Journalism, a Newspaper Management Center James L. Knight. cultural organizations in cities its focus on educational and and his secretary, Shirley Follo. Knight’s daughter, Barbara and grant-making program. for Professional Journalists at principal emphases: journalism program of short courses on at Northwestern University. The Knight Foundation with Knight newspapers. cultural institutions in cities Toomey – and a member not Stanford University, the first and improving the quality of specialized subjects for working Commission on Intercollegiate John S. Knight, James L. Knight with Knight newspapers but associated with either the of several continuing education life in Knight-Ridder cities. journalists. At the University Athletics was created to study outside of the new also adding major journalism family or company – banker opportunities for working jour- of Florida and the University and recommend a plan of action Miami Herald building organizations and projects to Gordon Heffern. nalists and news executives that The board approved a new of Missouri, grants created to address widespread abuses its list of funded groups. the Foundation supported – and governance structure that five-year experimental programs in college athletics. Co-chaired in some instances created – at remained in effect through the to recruit, educate and place by former Notre Dame president some of the nation’s major end of the century. The new minority journalists. Father Theodore Hesburgh C.C. Gibson Clara Knight universities. structure expanded the board and former University of North (Mrs. Charles John S. Knight of trustees from nine to 13 Carolina president William Landon Knight) at Underwood members and incorporated the Friday, the commission produced typewriter principle of family, company three reports that contributed The Journalism Lee Hills signs and independent representation to the momentum for reform, Program made agreement with grants to on the board. Work also began which culminated in the Stanford President enhance minority on a comprehensive revision of restructuring of the National Donald Kennedy recruiting and the Articles of Incorporation and Collegiate Athletic Association renaming the retention programs John S. Knight Code of Regulations, which the (NCAA). The commission Fellowship Program. board approved in 1988. disbanded in 1996. C.C. Gibson is in background with Lee Hills was elected vice chairman. Albert Hastorf 11 12 13 14 1999 ANNUAL REPORT 1999 ANNUAL REPORT JOHN S. JA M E S L . K N I G H T F O U N DAT I O N JOHN S. JA M E S L . K N I G H T F O U N DAT I O N AND AND

HISTORY GLANCE AT A Knight Foundation’s Vice President and Chief Program Officer Jim Spaniolo helps a Kids Voting participant Knight Foundation committed Former President Teach for $10 million to Jimmy Carter America recruit help South at Miami Habitat Jerry Petrus Dade County for Humanity instructs an rebuild after work site eighth grader Hurricane Andrew in a Brooklyn classroom Charlotte teacher Deborah Camp Lee Hills Hall 'Magic of Music' acquired National groundbreaking at Symphony Board for University of Creed Black Initiative Professional Missouri School of chats with performance Teaching Standards Journalism, 1993 Hodding Carter III from 1998 certification and his wife, by Louisiana Patt Derian, Philharmonic at Knight Immunization with video screen Foundation offices Initiative poster in background James L. Knight 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 A $1 million grant enabled More than 125 liberal arts The Foundation became a The Presidential Leadership James L. Knight died on Feb. 5, The Foundation committed The Foundation became the The Knight Foundation The Arts and Culture Program W. Gerald Austen, M.D., suc- In a search for solutions to Knight Foundation became the Hodding Carter III, longtime The Foundation established Longtime trustee Lee Hills, the Kentucky Collaborative for educators gathered for a three- founding partner in the National Grants, an outgrowth of the leaving the bulk of his estate to $10 million to the recovery and John S. and James L. Knight Immunization Initiative – the launched two national initia- ceeded Lee Hills as chairman. the gun- and gang-driven chief supporter of a national newspaper and television jour- the Knight Center for Specialized adviser to the Knight brothers, Teaching and Learning to day dissemination conference Community Development Excellence in Undergraduate the Foundation. His bequest rebuilding of Dade County after Foundation on Jan. 1. first to encompass all 26 cities tives. The first, the “Magic of Hills remained on the board. national epidemic that left no collaborative of 160 colleges nalist, succeeded Creed Black Journalism at the University died Feb 3. undertake a large-scale, statewide in Columbia, Md., focused on Initiative (NCDI), the largest Education initiative, were eventually totaled $200 million. Hurricane Andrew devastated in the Community Initiatives Music” Symphony Orchestra city, community or school and universities engaged in as president. Black continued of Southern California as a expansion of Different Ways of the successes and challenges of philanthropic collaboration in launched to provide unsolicited, Lee Hills succeeded him as portions of the region on Aug. The Knight International Press Program – provided funding Initiative, sought symphony immune from outbreaks of strategic planning activities to to serve on the board. western counterpart to its Knowing, a promising school- the projects funded through the U.S. history. NCDI engaged unrestricted grants to small, chairman. 24. The commitment reaffirmed Fellowships were established to over the next two years for orchestras willing to engage violence by and against youth, adapt to the dramatic and well-respected predecessor at reform initiative developed by Excellence in Undergraduate the public, private and nonprofit private liberal arts colleges, a practice of support for com- enable U.S. journalists and parental education and public their entire organizations in the Foundation launched the rapid financial, technological The board approved a policy the University of Maryland. the Los Angeles-based Education initiative. The sectors in partnerships that many of them schools serving The Foundation undertook a munity recovery that the board news executives to serve as information activities with experiments designed to generate Initiative to Promote Youth and philosophical transforma- fixing the 26 cities at the time of The Foundation launched an Galef Institute. The support conference was the Foundation’s enabled local community special populations, in recogni- year-long strategic planning had begun during the 1980s temporary resources for the press the goal of improving immu- a greater sense of excitement Development and Prevent tions taking place on their James L. Knight’s death in 1991 in-depth, two-year Community was the first of several major first large-scale effort to connect development corporations to tion of the creativity and prom- effort. One of the first outcomes after major natural disasters. in emerging democracies. The nization rates of children 2 about the concertgoing Youth Violence. The initiative campuses. Administered by the as the geographic focus of the Indicators Project to acquire Knight Foundation grants grantees with each other to increase their capacity for ise of their leadership. included a five-year, $10 million Such support escalated during program was an outgrowth of years old and younger. experience and a more vital was structured to first engage Institute for Research on Higher Community Initiatives Program. more comprehensive information made over the next five years share ideas, strategies and providing housing, social services initiative to bolster community the 1990s as the Foundation the Foundation’s longstanding relationship between artists local communities in developing Education at the University about cities covered in the for comprehensive, community- experiences, to learn from each and economic stimulators in The Foundation moved its foundations in Knight cities. responded with major grants support for the efforts of U.S.- The Foundation incorporated and audiences. The second, comprehensive strategic plans of Pennsylvania, the Knight Community Initiatives Program. wide initiatives designed to other and to disseminate what selected neighborhoods of more headquarters from Akron to for Grand Forks, N.D., after based journalism organizations, in the state of Florida. the Museum Loan Network, to address youth violence and, Higher Education Collaborative The purpose: to lay the broaden and deepen the they had learned to a broader than 20 cities. Miami and expanded its staff The Cities Program was the Red River flood and such as the World Press Freedom was a collection-sharing secondly, to support implemen- has helped participants remain groundwork for more focused impact of school reform in the field. Such dissemination from eight to 14. renamed the Community subsequent fires destroyed Committee and the Inter Supported by the Foundation, program created in partnership tation of local plans. mission-centered while becoming The Knight Chair in Journalism grant making. geographic areas of interest to activities subsequently became Initiatives Program to reflect much of its downtown in 1997 American Press Association, the American Society of with The Pew Charitable “market smart.” W. Gerald Austen, M.D. Lee Hills program was established to the Foundation. an integral part of initiatives a more proactive posture in which addressed challenges to Newspaper Editors created the Trusts and administered at strengthen journalism education in all of the Foundation’s grant making. The Foundation committed a free press through public Institute for Journalism the Massachusetts Institute of at the undergraduate level, programming and led to addi- $1 million to the National Trust information and professional Excellence, a program placing Technology. primarily at the nation’s best tional “community of learners” The Education Program for Historic Preservation to education activities. journalism professors in summer journalism schools. Over the workshops as well as publica- refocused its emphasis launch the Community Initiated jobs at newspapers across the next 10 years, nearly $20 mil- tions focused on the lessons from higher education to Development Program, a country. It was the first of lion endowed 14 chairs at 12 that the Foundation’s grantees collaborations between colleges demonstration project using several Foundation-supported major journalism schools as had learned through hands-on and universities and K-12 historic preservation to revitalize projects designed to strengthen Trustees well as at Duke University and experiences. schools to improve education commercial districts in Detroit, ties between the newsroom visit a Detroit The first Knight Chair Washington and Lee University. from kindergarten through Miami and Philadelphia. and the classroom. redevelopment in Journalism project during college and beyond. professors pose a 1993 with Del Brinkman, board meeting Journalism Program director, seated 15 16 17 18 1999 ANNUAL REPORT 1999 ANNUAL REPORT JOHN S. JA M E S L . K N I G H T F O U N DAT I O N JOHN S. JA M E S L . K N I G H T F O U N DAT I O N AND AND

THE FIRST FIFTY YEARS that culminated in a decade of initiatives and more focused, Knight-Ridder neither sold nor acquired newspapers. How- strategic grant making. ever, a series of company purchases and sales in the mid-1990s The Ci ties Program was ren a m ed the Com mu n i ty Initia- prompted a board review of the geographic focus of the Com- tives Program to reflect a proactive em phasis in grant making. mu n i ty In i ti a tives Progra m . In 1998 the board dec i ded the pro- Addition a lly, s even areas of s pecial interest were identified as gram should cover only the 26 cities that had been el i gi ble for funding priorities: arts and culture, children/social welfare, local grants at the time of Jim Kn i gh t’s death in 1991. The deci- citizenship, com mu n i ty developm en t , edu c a ti on , homelessness sion en ded the practice of the Foundation fo ll owing the com- and literacy. pany as it bo u ght or sold news p a pers throughout the co u n try. Th ree major initi a tives were undert a ken under the Journalism proved an especially fertile area for initiatives auspices of the revamped Community Initiatives Program. as educational needs and free-press and First Amendment The Community Foundations Initiative provided more than issues created opportunities for funding with impact. In 1993 $10 million through 1997 to either enlarge or establish donor- the Knight International Press Fellowships, administered by advised funds at community foundations in cities and towns the International Center for Journalists, were established to where the Foundation made local grants. (Since then, the enable U.S. journalists and news executives to serve as tempo- Foundation’s work with community foundations has concen- rary resources for the press in emerging democracies. The trated on capacity building to create or strengthen emerging ability of Central and Latin American journalists to report community foundations serving additional Knight communi- without fear or repercussion was the focus of support for the ties. In all, Knight has committed nearly $12 million to the Inter American Press Association, which sought to address the burgeoning community foundation movement.) The Knight unpunished murders of journalists, principally in Mexico, Guatemala and Colombia. Foundation Immunization Initiative – the first i n i ti a tive to From the beginning the Journalism Program had sup- involve all cities eligible for local grants – supported local coali- ported a variety of projects aimed at diversifying America’s tions in developing parental education and public informa- newsrooms, but the 1990s saw more concerted efforts to real- tion activities with the goal of improving immunization rates ize that goal through activities aimed at the recruitment and of children 2 years old and younger. The Initiative to Promote education of minority journalists. One of the initial Knight Youth Development and Prevent Youth Violence engaged local Chairs in Journalism was endowed at Florida A&M, the first communities in developing and implementing comprehensive historically black university with an accredited journalism strategic plans to address youth violence. program and an impressive record of preparing students for In an effort to remain responsive to emergency needs the newsroom. Florida A&M subsequently received a $3 mil- of Foundation cities in the aftermath of natural disasters, the lion grant to improve the sch oo l ’s journalismfac i l i ti e s . Foundation’s board adopted a grant pro cedure to expedite The Education Program underwent a major shift in funding in such times of need. The largest commitment – $10 direction – from higher education to K-12 – after the 1992 million for the recovery and rebuilding of M a m i - D ade i strategic plan was adopted. The Excellence in Undergraduate County – followed Hurricane Andrew in 1992. The board also Education Program was refocused to emphasize collabora- approved $1 million in grants after the Red River flood and subsequent fires destroyed much of Grand Forks, N.D., in tions between colleges and universities and K-12 schools to 1997. In 1998, trustees made a $1 million emergency grant to improve education from college and beyond. A total of 26 Ha bitat for Humanity In tern a ti onal to build housing in school and college collaborations were funded. Nicaragua and Honduras, two Central American nations rav- Beyond Excellence, the Foundation looked to local coali- aged by Hurricane Mitch. That same year, after Hurricane tions to take the lead on organizing and implementing local Georges cut a swath of damage through the Caribbean, the responses to education reform. As a result, comprehensive, Florida Keys and up into the Mississippi Gulf Coast near communitywide education initiatives designed to broaden Biloxi, the board approved $800,000 in grants and emergency and deepen the impact of school reform were grant recipients aid to organizations providing relief to the storm’s victims. in a nu m ber of c i ties and regions of interest to the During the early 1990s, the 26 cities covered by the Foundation, including Philadelphia, South Florida, Charlotte Community Initiatives Program remained constant because and San Jose as well as the state of Kentucky. Additionally, the 19 1999 ANNUAL REPORT

T FIRST FIFT YEARS HE Y Foundation forged alliances with national education reform experiments designed to generate a greater sense of excite- groups such as IMPACT II: The Teachers’ Network, the ment about the concertgoing experience and a more vital rela- National Board for Professional Teaching Standards, Teach for tionship bet ween artists and audien ce s . The program America and The Galef Institute that resulted in such organi- also provided technical assistance, evaluated the experiments zations incorporating many of the Foundation’s cities in their and encouraged dialogue among the participating organiza- activities. tions through conferences in which the orchestras’ stakehold- By 1997, informed by the experience with school-college ers shared challenges and strategies. collaborations and committed to education reform as a pro- The second initiative, the Museum Loan Network, was a cess that needed to engage educators at all levels, the Educa- collection-sharing program created in partnership with The tion Program once again began to look toward higher educa- Pew Charitable Trusts and administered by the Massachusetts tion as an opportunity to advance education reform. The Institute of Technology. The aim was to link collecting insti- Foundation became the chief supporter of a national collab- tutions able to display only a fraction of their artwork with orative of 160 colleges and universities engaged in strategic other museums in order to enrich their permanent displays planning activities to adapt to the dramatic and rapid finan- with long-term loans of pieces held in storage at the collecting cial, technological and philosophical transformations taking institutions. The network provided funding for planning and place on their campuses. Administered by the Institute for for expenses associated with lending and borrowing, such as Research on Hi gh er Education at the Univers i ty of Pennsylva- insurance and shipping. A key component of the program was nia, the Knight Hi gh er Educati on Co ll a bora tive hel ped parti- the development of a database of available artwork. cipants remain mission - cen tered while becoming “market Beyond the two initi a tives, the Arts and Culture Program smart.” sought ways to expand and diversify audiences, broaden the The A rts and Culture Program’s principal initiatives depth and scope of art available, encourage new and innova- addressed the needs of the two major cultural institutions – tive work, explore ideas that strengthened cultural institutions sym ph ony orchestras and museums – with which the and develop effective systemwide approaches to an arts edu- Foundation historically had the most funding experience. cation curriculum. Among the national and regional organi- The “Magic of Music” Symphony Orchestra Initiative zations the Foundation supported in initiatives that addressed provided planning and implementation grants to symphony one or more of these goals were the John F. Kennedy Center orchestras willing to engage their entire organizations in for the P erforming Arts, the National Trust for Historic

THE FIRST FIFTY YEARS Preservation, Young Audiences, Mid-America Arts Alliance 1986 remained basically intact through the 1990s, although and the Southern Federation of Arts. Most significantly, the the Foundation did change its name and its state of incorpo- Foundation used grants to such organizations as a way to ration. On Jan. 1, 1993, the Foundation became the John S. include one or more of the Foundation’s cities of interest in and James L. Knight Foundation to honor the memory of the events and progr ams that might have otherwise passed the brothers who had created it. A year later the Foundation community by. incorporated in the state of Florida. A review of the Foundation’s strategic plan in 1995 result- As the Foundation entered its 50th year, its assets stood at ed in no major change in the direction of programs, only fine- $1.889 billion – more than three times the sum of its assets tuning through such strategies as needs assessments and eval- just a decade earlier. It had just distributed $53.1 million in uation. As the decade ended, the Foundation launched an in- grants for the previous year. More than the numbers, howev- depth, two-year Community Indicators Project to acquire er, the Foundation emerged from the 20th ce ntury as an more comprehensive information about cities covered in the enthusiastic partner with national and local organizations Community Initiatives Program. that will help the board fulfill its mission in the cities where The strategic plan review also served as a catalyst for a the Knights had their business enterprises, in journalism change in leadership. Hills stepped down as chairman in 1996 where the Knight name was synonymous with excellence and and was succeeded by Vice Chairman Austen. Jill Ker Conway, in education and arts and culture where a long tradition of former president of Smith College and a visiting scholar at funding has made the Foundation an enthusiastic and experi- MIT, was elected vice chairman. Conway is the first board offi- enced collaborator. cer who never knew either one of the Knights. The Foundation opened its 50th anniversary in 2000 on a In February 1998 Black retired as pr esident and was somber note. Lee Hills died Feb. 3, 2000, at the age of 93. The succeeded by Hodding Carter III, a nationally known public blueprint on which the Foundation operates was largely affairs journalist and former State Department spokesman designed and drawn by Hills. As the trustees and staff gear up who had occupied the Knight Chair in Journalism at the for a new round of strategic planning to take the Foundation University of Maryland for several years. through 2005, it will be the first attempt to do so without The governance structure that had been put in place in Hills’ wise vision and thoughtful guidance. GR A N T S PA I D B Y PU R P O S E 1950–1999 Journalism 23% Education 24% Other 3% Culture 23% Human Services 27% Historical Note: Inclusion of 1999 distributions of $53,142,772 brings total distributions since 1950 to $447,963,451. 21 1999 ANNUAL REPORT

THE FIRST FIFTY YEARS AS S E T S O F T H E FO U N D AT I O N 1 9 90 – 1 9 9 9 (M I L L I O N S O F D O L LA R S) GR A N T S B Y YE A R 1 9 90 – 1 9 9 9 (M I L L I O N S O F D O L LA R S) CU M U LAT I V E GR A N T S YE A R 1 9 90 – 1 9 9 9 BY (M I L L I O N S O F D O L LA R S) 22 JOHN S. J A M E S L . K N I G H T F O U N DAT I O N AND

1999 P ROGRAMS In addition to program narratives in the pages to follow, nine distinguished Americans share their firsthand recollections of how Knight Foundation’s signature efforts took shape. C INITIATIVES OMMUNITY J OURNALISM E D U C AT I O N K N I G H T F O U N D AT I O N C I AT H L E T I C S OMMISSION ON NT ERCOL LE G IATE A C U LT U R E RTS AND 23 19 9 9 A N N UA L RE P O RT

C O M M U N H T S T I N IYT I A T I V E S I I Y OR critical path; in too many of our communities, voter turnout has failed to reach 40 percent. Civic engagement is in decline. Kids Voting USA offers a solution. N Jay L. Suber, an Atlanta-based helped in the fight for justice ine hundred thousand media consultant, is a board and equality. kids cast ballots in the member of Kids Voting USA. 1998 midterm election. That 900,000 kids voted in 1998 is a signal to us all that Not nine, not 90, not 900, not He is shown above in Diane the democratic process in 9,000, but 900,000 kids went Vogel’s third-grade class at to polling places across the America Redding Elementary School is worth saving. It is a signal nation and took their parents in Lizella, Ga. that democracy can prevail, with them, many of whom had never voted. Through Kids even prevail against formidable Voting USA and through their agents of oppression – cynicism, children, U.S. citizens voted for the first time. apathy and ignorance. It’s no surprise that these oppressive The import of such a turn- forces out goes beyond words. This may we ll be the sing le most sig- were among those facing the folks fighting against racism nificant involvement for young and exclusion during the Civil people since the Civil Rights movement, when so many Rights era. The United States is on a young people of all persuasions 24 JOHN S. J A M E S L . K N I G H T F O U N DAT I O N AND

C O M M U N H T S T I N IYT I A T I V E S I I Y OR Kids Voting makes unmistak- ment that affects us all. their parents, casting practice able good sense. I can’t ignore My first experience with ballots. Voter turnout is 90 per- what this says to me: 900,000 the democratic process came as cent in Costa Rica. young voters went to the poll s I grew up in Cleveland, Ohio. It seemed a perfect model with their parents. I’m a believer. Mr. Clarence Thompson, a for a U.S. program to boost This program off ers hope and checker- playing partner of my voter participation, and the first opportunity. grandfather, was running for city chapter got started in Tempe, I define opportunity as council. He was much younger Ariz., in 1988. Kids Voting is education; educating students than my grandfather, but took now operating in 38 states and not only about the significance his counsel during their many has received requests to expand of the voting process, but help- games of checkers. My grandfa- i n ternationally. The Kids Voting ing them develop critical think- ther turned his garage into a universe is astounding. It ing s k i lls in sifting through the warehouse for building the yard reaches 5 million students, issues. For four to six weeks, signs for Mr. Thompson’s politi- 200,000 teachers, 6,000 teachers involved in the Kids cal campaign. Being in the mid- schools, 20,000 voter precincts Voting dle of the talk and he l p i ng plant and benefits from an amazing program focus their classes on Mr. Thompson’s campaign signs 80,000 volunteers. the election process, not in the in people’s yards is an experi- Like all significant efforts, abstract, but as it unfolds in ence I will always treasure. You it takes dollars and cents to their local communities and understand, it also deeply operate programs like Kids nationally during election planted my desire to Voting. cycles. When it participate, but I couldn’t vote! To date, Knight is time to vote, kids go to the There was no Kids Voting pro- Foundation has been the cham- polls just like their parents and gram around to give me that pion funder for Kids Voting. cast ballots. It’s participatory, it’s experience. Mr. Thompson won From 1991–1999, Knight proactive and it’s the model for the race, becoming one of the Foundation made 11 grants totaling more than $3.6 million, first future civic responsibility. first African-Americans to rep- to help the national organization A recent national radio resent the council ward. grow, then to provide funds to report ended with a comment I believe there is nothing establish local from Thomas Jefferson, who more rewarding than a positive affiliates in Knight communities. urged each generation to be experience. It often charts the Kids Voting USA’s list of prepared to govern, without the course for future actions. It can become an example personified. major national sponsors is baggage left from preceding Well after my own course was growing, yet few will argue generations’ “taxes and national set in journalism, I gravitated that, had debt.” How can the next gener- toward Kids Voting USA, where it not been for the commitment, ation be prepared to govern I’ve had the privilege for the professional guidance and con- without being taught? Without past seven years to serve on the sistent fu n ding of Knight learning and practicing the national board. Foundation, the existence of any process by which good govern- Many have been working sponsors’ ment works? They must go at implementing the “Kids list, let alone the organization, through something or do something to gain experience. Voting Voting solution” ever since three is questionable. That said, there is experiencing the democratic Arizona businessmen came up is much more to be done. process; it is more than an act with the idea on a fi shing trip in “Today, with more than or obligation. It is a process that Costa Rica. They learned that 50 percent of all children living directs and shapes the govern- kids there go to the polls with in households where neither parent votes, Kids Voting USA 25 19 99 AN N UA L R E P O RT

1 9 9 9 CO M M U N I T Y I N I T I AT I V E S P ROGRAM M acon, Ga., a city with a rich and complex past, is working hard on its future. Tree-lined boulevards with antebellum man- sions extend from the city’s brick-red downtown out to com- fort a ble su burbs, now home to the sort of retail shops that once called that same downtown home. Along the way, travelers see another Macon – neighborhoods like Tindall Heights and Central South, where solid but aging public housing units are mixed in with modest singl e - f a m i ly homes. Boa rded-up bu i l d- ings and weed-tangled vacant lots present sobering reminders of decline and neglect. With a city-limits population of 108,000, 60 percent of it African-American, Macon has stru ggl ed with the implicati on s FROM PAST: THE of a declining downtown. Similar realities confront not just Former President Jimmy Carter wields a hammer during a 1991 Macon, not just Kn i ght Fo u n d a ti on 25 other communities, but ’s Habitat for Humanity work project in Miami’s Liberty City neigh- cities and towns and urban neighborhoods across America. borhood. Macon com mu n i ty leaders – from govern m en t , business, education, religion, nonprofits, neighborhoods and the pro- fessions – recognized that downtown revitalization wouldn’t happen unless they took an approach that was inclusive, comprehensive and coordinated. In 1997, NewTown Macon began as a public /private partnership and developed a sophisticated $36 mill i on, ei gh t - proj ect undertaking for the down town bu s i- ness district. Macon’s integra ted approach to community revi t a l i z a ti on provided the right opportunity at the right time for Knight Foundation’s inaugural dip into the IDEAS (In n ova ti on , Development, Experimentation and Strategy) Fund. Knight’s trustees established the IDEAS Fund in 1999 to provide a re s o u rce for major initi a tives and innova tive proj ects that cro s s over the Foundation’s program interests. Knight’s $3 mill i on com m i tm ent to Macon inclu ded a $1 million grant to NewTown Macon and the cre a ti on of a $2 million opportu n i ty fund that wi ll go to com mu n i ty or ga n i z a ti on s working on revi t a l i z a ti on ef forts that pri m a ri ly ben efit Ti n d a ll Hei gh t s / Ogl et h orpe Homes and the ad jacent are a . A national A day-long workshop on developing intergenerational respect historic distri ct , Ti n d a ll Hei ghts is con s i dered a ga teway nei gh- brings together participants young and old in Horry County, S.C. borh ood to down town Macon. The fund wi ll capitalize on the The Bridging the Gap project is an outgrowth of Knight’s Initiative m om en tum of New Town Macon and build on other commu- to Promote Youth Development and Prevent Youth Violence. nity-based initi a tives. The first grant from the opportu n i ty fund wi ll help the Macon Heritage Foundati on reh a bilitate 14 substandard houses for sale to low- to moderate-income homeown ers. “This is a firs t - time ven tu re whose lessons po tentially benefit many of our communities, since we intend to take the Macon precedent into other Kn i ght communities,” said Hodding Ca rter III, Knight’s pre s i dent and CEO. 26 JOHN S. J A M E S L . K N I G H T F O U N DAT I O N AND

1 9 9 9 C O M M U N I T Y I N I T I AT I V E S P R O GRAM With a boost from a Knight IDEAS Fund grant, NewTown Macon is leading the way on a $36 million undertaking to revitalize the Georgia community’s historic downtown and its declining nearby neighborhoods. Launching the IDEAS Fund in Macon is a logical exten- In the 1999 Community Indicators surveys with adults in sion of the broad-based approach of Knight’s Community our 26 communities (see page 32), we heard time and again Initiatives Program. The program is Knight Foundation’s pri- about the importance of putting children first. Those findings mary means of carrying out the Knight brothers’ intent to confirm that the more we can do to ensure better starts and safer improve the quality of life in the 26 communities where they lives for our children, the better off we all are. A great many of published news p a pers in their lifetime. We aim to do so in seven those local grants went to organizations in Knight communi- priority areas for our grant making: arts and culture, children/ ties that work with disadvantaged or at-risk children – infants s ocial welfare, citizenship, com mu n i ty devel opment, edu c a ti on , to teens – living in unders erved communities. Many grants su p- homelessness and literacy. (Local arts and culture and educa- port innova tive projects from su ch organizati ons ex i s ting in vi r- tion/literacy grants are discussed in those respective program tu a lly all of our communities, su ch as Boys and Girls Clubs, Boy narratives.) Scout and Girl Scout troops, YMCAs and YWCAs. Knight Foundation’s local grant-making program has Knight’s Initiative to Promote Youth Development and evolved du ring our first half century. Form erly call ed the Cities Prevent Youth Violence con ti nu ed to produ ce a variety of i n clu- Progra m , it was ren a m ed the Com mu n i ty In i ti a tives Program sive approaches to confronting the plague of youth violence. in 1991 to reflect a more proactive posture in grant making. Through 13 planning projects and five implementation proj- While we continue to learn valuable lessons through p a rtner- ects that provi de servi ces for youth in Knight communities, we’re ships with a va ri ety of l ocal orga n i z a ti ons approach i n g us for encouraging systemic approaches to address this daunting prob- funding, Knight Foundation also works with national organi- lem at the local level. In Horry County, S.C., teens and adu l t s involved in the Bridging the Gap project gathered in July for “After zati ons capable of expanding their reach broadly and deeply into Co lumbine: A Dialogue on Re s pect and Building A Healthy our communities. The progra m’s 180 grants in 1999 reflect our Community for All Generations.” The seminar brought senior efforts to remain flexible, to ach i eve the doa ble and to focus grant citizens together with the teens to discuss the importance of dollars in ways that have the greatest strategic i m p act . ➽ intergenerational respect. 27 1 9 9 9 AN N UA L R E P O RT

C O M M U N H T S T I N IYT I A T I V E S I I Y OR A ideas in 64 languages. safety. Alex Penelas is mayor of s mayor of Miami- Miami-Dade County, Fla. Among our proudest In addition, consistent with Dade County, it has accomplishments is developing Miami-Dade’s Community been an honor to serve a national model for providing a Homeless Plan, the Homeless He and Knight Trustee Alvah the citizens of this dynamic Chapman, at right above, continuum of care for the home- Assistance Centers provide the community. I am proud to be a less based on a simple, humane initial entry point into our sys- greet former homeless clients son of Miami-Dade, a commu- premise: No one is required to tem of care. Clients are pro- receiving services at the nity with so much to offer, both Homeless Assistance Center in sleep on the streets of our com- vided culturally and economically. It is munity. Since October 1995, the shelter and an array of services South Miami-Dade County. a place of opportunity and chal- men, women and families who that prepare them for more lenge. enter either of the two campus- independent living in transi- Miami-Dade County is a like Homeless Assistance tional and permanent housing. microcosm of the world. If any- Since the establishment of the Centers established by the one wants to know what continuum of care, more than Community Partnership for America will look like in the 4,764 new beds have been Homeless Inc. (CPHI) have had next 50 years, they need go no funded for homeless persons, access to a system of care that further than this community. and more than 26,000 persons includes housing, health care, Our citizens come from more have been placed in housing. education, training, jobs and than 160 countries and exchange 28 JOHN S. J A M E S L . K N I G H T F O U N DAT I O N AND

C O M M U N H T S T I N IYT I A T I V E S I I Y OR Because of Miami-Dade’s into a public/private partnership of continuing private funding for success in developing an effec- with state and county govern- the short-term Homeless tive continuum of care system ment. A critical step took place Assistance Centers, the for the homeless, other commu- in July 1993 when the Miami- Community Partnership nities such as Atlanta, Dade County Commission launched an ambitious $10 mil- Jacksonville, San Antonio and approved a 1 percent sales tax lion endowment campaign in Baltimore have come to us to on food and beverages sold in 1999. Again, Knight Foundation gain insight on how to replicate larger restaurants in our commu- provided a lead, $2 million our model. To our north, nity. Miami-Dade is the only challenge grant. The grant was Broward County’s Homeless county in the United States to paid in full within months when Plan is much like Miami-Dade’s. tax itself to provide homeless CHPI and its indefatigable We could not have reached care. chairman raised $4 million in such a high-water mark without The most exciting aspect record time. the leadership of a local hero, of the plan is the development As mayor, I am often my good friend Alvah of the public-private partnership asked to deliver speeches in Chapman. Alvah, a long-time for its implementation. We took front of local civic groups about Knight Foundation trustee, has the best that government could the importance of leaving time and again proven himself offer and formed a partnership behind to be a true neighbor to the with the business, religious and a legacy to the community … people of Miami-Dade County. provider sector. Since its incep- a legacy that involves coming to As the decade of the 1990s tion, I have chaired the county’s the assistance of those who in began, greater Miami, a place Homeless Trust, an agency some way cannot help the m- many consider paradise, was which oversees the public fund- selves. And although homeless- confronted with an ugly reality. ing, headed by a board of 27 ness still remains a problem in Despite valiant efforts by some volunteers. Alvah chairs the Miami-Dade County, we have good people and good organiza- Community Partnership, a non- come much closer to solving tions, our community and our profit agency that serves as the that issue. service agencies were being private sector partner. I have I am so very proud to have overwhelmed by a tide of learned much, and gained had the opportunity to work so homeless people. A 1991 grand much, in sharing the leadership closely with Alvah and Knight jury issued a report highly criti- of this communitywide effort cal of local government for not with him. doing more to help the home- With the same tenacity less. that marked his newspaper The following year, Florida career, Alvah undertook a large Gov. Lawton Chiles wisely challenge in raising the private selected Mr. Chapman to chair a funds nationwide. An early, $2 Governor’s Commission on million grant from Knight Homeless and charged it with Foundation was the largest solving the problem. Alvah, donation toward the nearly $20 who had recently retired from a million in private funds commit- distinguished newspaper career, ted in a five-year drive beginning in 1993. Those dollars made it his retirement mission to end homelessness in Miami- leveraged federal funding for Dade County. Under his direc- primary and advanced care. tion, the commission entered To develop a steady source 29 19 99 AN N UA L R E P O RT

1 9 9 9 CO M M U N I T Y I N I T I AT I V E S P ROGRAM As national board member Jay L. Suber reflects in his arti- cle on Kids Voting USA (page 24), the failure of U.S. citizens to exercise their ri ght to vo te is approaching crisis proporti ons. Only 49 percent of the voting-age population took part in the 1996 general election, and a disconcerting 68 percent of voters between 18 and 24 chose not to vote. Si n ce 1991, Kids Voting USA has been an ef fective pro- pon en t of citizenship by encoura ging participation in el ections. Kids Voting involved some 5 million students and 200,000 teachers in 6,000 sch ools in 1999. Kn i ght Foundati on continued its decade of support for the national organization in 1999 wi t h a grant of $200,442 to develop an online te ach er training and communication initiative, hire an education coordinator to develop service-learning projects and assist Kids Voting affili- FROM PAST: THE ates on such projects as Presidential Debate Watch. Hurricane Andrew strikes Dade County Aug. 24, 1992, causing epic He ading into a new century, t h ere are numerous other ways devastation to homes and businesses. After taking a helicopter tour to promulgate citizenship. In Palo Alto, Impact Online is using of the devastation, Knight Fou n d a tion tru s tees make a significant $10 a $100,000 Knight grant to build a web site that promotes vol- million commitment to rebuilding the community. unteer opportunities in the San Jose area. Looking at the 1999 list of Knight Foundation’s commu- n i ty devel opment grants offers a glimpse at some of the elements nonprofits can bring to the discussion of developing community. Knight Foundation encourages community development ef forts that focus not just on housing but on all of the el em ents that go into improving the quality of life. We were impressed by the capac i ty - building ef fort put fort h by the Nei gh borh ood Devel opment Center in St. Paul, an organization that helps other nonprofits make their neighborhoods a better place to live. Kn i ght provi ded a $105,000 grant to expand the or ga n i z a ti on’s en trepren eu rial training and technical assistance programs. Som etimes com mu n i ty devel opm ent seeks to provide new opportunities. In the Great Plains, the trad i tional Am erican farm family is stru ggling with the uncert a i n ty of the agri c u l tu ral mar- ketplace. Knight Foundation helped fund a pilot program at Mayville State University in North Dakota to train displaced farm homemakers like Sandra Gregoire to acqu i re the computer and communications skills she’ll need to move into the work- place as an administrative assistant. As Miami-Dade County Mayor Alex Penelas notes in the accompanying arti cle (page 28), Kn i ght Foundati on has hel ped establish a nati on a lly re s pected model for the conti nuum of care homeless people need to get their lives on track. In addition to Board Vice Chairman Jill Ker Conway and Chairman W. Gerald a $2 million Knight challenge grant in 1999 to help build an Austen listen as a volunteer at Macon’s Harriet Tubman Museum endowment to operate public /private Homeless Assistance describes an artifact. The Foundation’s trustees and staff toured sev- Centers in Miami, the Community Initiatives Program made eral organizations during a June visit to the community. 30 JOHN S. J A M E S L . K N I G H T F O U N DAT I O N AND

1 9 9 9 C O M M U N I T Y I N I T I AT I V E S P R O GRAM Women leaving the troubled family farms of the Great Plains need new skills to join the work force. A grant to Mayville State University in North Dakota helps women like Sandra Gregoire, above, train to become administrative assistants. grants to several other de s erving orga n i z a ti ons working to serve acquiring a local perspective on needs and opportunities. As a the homeless. In Lexington, the Foundation for Affordable result, com m i t tees in Bo u l der, Mi ll edgevi lle and Long Be ach are Housing is using a $100,000 grant to construct 50 additional now providing valuable advice as we try to learn more about units at St. James Place , a singl e - room - occupancy housing pro- these communities. gram for the homeless. Our tru s tees also approved a revi s ed def i n i ti on of the geo- Knight Foundation’s initiative to develop and strengthen graphic granting areas for our 26 communities. In the major- community foundations serving our communities grew and ity, grant making will be concentrated in the home county of expanded in 1999. The Foundation has established donor- each of our historic 26 communities. (Please see the full list on advi s ed funds in a majori ty of Kn i ght communities, providing page 6 of our guidelines and app l i c a ti on brochure, tu cked in the yet another means for responsive local grant making for requests inside back cover of this annual report . ) What’s most important smaller than we generally fund. The grants from the donor- is where the service is provided, not where the nonprofit is advised funds put us in touch with grassroots innovators and located. The Foundation also encourages regional proposals. provide great learning opportunities. Through grants in 1999, As we cel ebra te our 50th annivers a ry, we remain mindful we worked with new and emerging community foundations of the Knight brothers’ devotion to these 26 communities. Day s erving Co lumbus, Grand Fork s , Myrtle Be ach and Ta ll a h a s s ee by day and grant by grant, we seek to su pport the work of n on- to help them grow and reach a point of real effectiveness. profits in making those communities better places in which to This past year also saw the realization of our efforts to estab- live and work. lish new advi s ory systems in several commu n i ties wh ere the local newspaper publisher had previously served in this role. When Knight Ridder sold its newspapers in several communities in 1997, the Foundation decided to explore other options for For a compl ete list of 1999 Commu n i tyIn i ti a tives grants, see page 67. 31 1 9 9 9 AN N UA L R E P O RT

1999 COMMUNITY I P N D I C ATO R S ROJECT By giving a voice to thousands of individuals who other- “The Gross National Product does not allow for the health of our wise would have gone unheard, the Community Indicators children, the quality of their education, or the joy of their play. It Project represents a hands-on effort to help today’s Knight does not include the beauty of our poetry or the strength of our marriages; the intelligence of our public debate or the integrity of Foundati on leaders sustain that deep commitment to our com- our public officials. It measures neither our wit nor our courage; munities. n ei t h er our wisdom nor our learning; nei t h er our co m passion nor “Never before has a foundation with such a broad range our devotion to country; it measures everything, in short, except of concerns documented so completely what is going on in all that which makes life worthwhile.” the communities it cares about,” said Evans Witt, president of Princeton Survey Research Associates, a partner on the indi- – Robert Kennedy, speech at the University of Kansas, cators project. “It is a unique combination of laser-like atten- March 18, 1968 tion on the specific communities, combined with the broad J sweep of the national poll and cross-city comparisons.” ust as Robert Kennedy understood that economic indica- In 1999, we interviewed more than 16,000 adults in our tors fail to describe our nation’s social health, Knight com munities. We learn ed abo ut their happiness, fe a rs of c ri m e Foundation’s trustees and staff understand that philan- and ties to neighbors. People told us about their participation thropy’s traditional information tools fail to tell us everything in community events, their volunteerism and their charitable we need to know about our communities. giving. They distinguished big problems from small ones and From their pers onal ex peri en ces living in Ak ron, Ch a rlotte told us whether they think local folks do enough to help fix and Miami to the way they ran their newspapers, Jack and Jim things. As we got to know these 16,000 individuals a little bet- Knight demonstrated lifelong devotion to community service. 32

1 9 9 9 C O M M U N I T Y I N D I C AT O R S P R O J E C T was an interest to know more abo ut com mu n i ty opinions. Th e ter, we learn ed more abo ut their Intern et usage, their attendance information has been used by grant writers to target specifics at religious services and whether they go to movies more often in their projects which will have an effect on the indicators. than museums. “Everyone who has read the report is eager to use it as a “ Decision-makers now have specific evi dence to use in bal- tool in their work to better this community – and not neces- ancing the needs of communities,” Witt said. “Think of this as sarily in terms of asking for a grant from Knight Foundation,” ‘market research for grant-making.’” Smith said. “The survey by Knight Foundation can make some We gathered two types of information in the indicators pret ty significant ripples on our little pon d . The beauty of h av- project. First, surveys of 500 to 1,300 residents in our 26 coming this kind of information in a small commu n i ty like Aberdeen munities document individuals’ engagement, attitudes and beh avi ors rel a ted to the seven pri ori ty areas in the Fo u n d a ti on’s is that it helps us get our arms around the thinking of the peo- local grant making: arts and cultu re , children/social welfare, cit- ple locally.” izenship, community development, education, homelessness and Our co ll ecti on of 26 local labora tories – linked on ly by the literacy. Knight brothers’ legacy – offers examples of all that the nation Second, to complem ent what we’re learning from the inter- is experiencing. As the nation struggles to define quality pub- views, we’ve packaged hundreds of pieces of information into lic education, we find dramatic cross-community differences user-frien dly profiles that de s c ri be the current conditions of our on ratings of local public schools. Adults revere local public communities. These profiles track real-world trends such as schools in Grand Forks, N.D., but hold them in low regard in Palm Be ach Co u n ty, Fla., and Philadelphia. In city after city, peo- infant-mortality rates. ple from different racial or ethnic backgrounds consistently “This combination gives both the Foundation and com- express different points of view about issues related to crime, munity leadership the tools to judge whether community per- commu n i ty devel opment, education and perceptions of a rts and cepti ons are gro u n ded in hard evi dence,” said Dr. Joel Sherman cultural activities. of the American Institutes for Research, another Community Our communities come in all sizes, from a few thousand Indicators partner. residents to a few million. They vary by age, education, pros- We are now better prepared for site visits, commu n i ty meet- perity and racial/ethnic diversity. i n gs and interacti ons with local non profit organizations. We are In Gary, Ind., wh ere steel mills ring the lakefront, the city ’s better equipped for responsive grant making and better posi- tioned to craft initiatives. unemployment rate was more than twice the statewide rate. Working with our local advi s ers, we can sharpen the focus In San Jose, do t - com firms are driving a strong econ omy, of our grant making by identifying what needs to be done to yet nearly nine in 10 adults in the county say affordable hous- improve the quality of life in each community. Once we focus ing is a problem. on these priorities, the Foundation can partner with nonprofit In Grand Forks, more than four in 10 adults say “meeting organizati ons to su pport a mix of proven and innova tive activ- basic living expenses” has gotten tougher since the 1997 Red ities all aimed at that target. River flood. “The activities our grants support are only useful to the “Despite a national economic boom that has lasted nearly extent that they are tied to results,” said Penelope McPhee, the a dec ade, we see increases in poverty ra tes – particularly of chil- Fo u n d a ti on vi ce president and chief program officer.“So before ’ dren – and growing inequalities between ‘have’ and ‘have-not’ communities,” S h erman said.“Poverty con cen tra ti ons in some we ever make a grant, it’s critical for everyone to agree on the of the Knight communities are intense and appear to have go t- endgame.” ten worse over time, while other communities appear to be pros- In Aberdeen, S.D., the indicators already are helping l oc a l pering.” groups focus on the outcomes Kn i ght Foundati on values. Perhaps the greatest va lue of the indicators inform a ti on lies “We have published a report on the indicators in the daily in its po ten tial to help groups within commu n i ties better under- paper,” said Aberdeen adviser Billie Smith, publisher of the stand one another. Given the Knight brothers’ interests in Aberdeen Am erican News .“We have also cop i ed the report and given it to grant applicants and po ten tial applicants wh ere there stronger communities, that seems an appropriate goal. 33 1 9 9 9 AN N UA L R E P O RT

J OH IRS N A L IYS M U TOR Why not set up a program, I suggested, that would send seasoned U.S. newsmen and women to the less developed countries for no less than two months and no more than nine months? These traveling U.S. journeymen, I suggested, should be known as Knight International Press Fellows. Lee Hills asked a couple of questions, smiled and nodded interest. Less than a week later, Creed Black telephoned to say the Foundation liked the idea and would probably go ahead with it but wanted to see the program launched in such a way that would assure success. They meant business. On Aug. 23, 1993, Knight H ere’s how it all began. Foundation’s Jo u rnalism Adv i s o ry Foundation announced a $3 Tom Winship is chairman Committee chairman; Andy million grant to set up the Knight of the International Center Andersen and Dana Bullen of the International Press Fellowship for Journalists. As so often happened, the World Press Freedom Committee; Program – “an initiative that will Jim Gre e n field of the New York send news executives and journal- late, great Lee Hills knew he had a super idea when he and his Times and Buie Seawell of the ists around the world to provide friend, Foundation President Creed University of Colorado, both in the technical assistance and journalis- throes of developing overseas tic expertise to emergi ng democra- Black, called an extraordinary meeting in Miami in March 1993. media assistance pro grams; and cies.” Lee had the notion that some of George Krimsky and me, then Said Lee Hills: “The Knight partners in the International International Press Fellow will Knight Foundation’s significant resources should be used to make Center for Journalists. It was a respond to the clear and present a greater impact on the fragi le vigorous discussion, exciting from needs that have been identifi ed by knowled geable and experienced the start, because each participant state of free press around the news professionals involved in this world. He wanted to do it in a big knew that the Knight Foundation At top right, Tom Winship of area for years.” way. Lee and Cre ed both under- was set to launch a new initiative the International Center for Creed Black added: “there – but what form should it take? Journalists discusses what will stood well the commitment Jack was a tremendous thirst for Knight had always had to press When my turn came to become the Knight Fellows such help. We are not intruding, freedom and media development speak, I expressed a long-felt pro- program at a meeting in 1993. we have been invited.” fessional frustration. Our center Dana Bullen of the World worldwide. They wanted to keep had been conducting sh o rt two- or The Knight Press Fellowship that spirit alive at a critical time in Press Freedom Committee is at three-week training sessions for Program is now – seven years later histo ry. the left. overseas journalists. That was the – the largest private-sector media Exactly what to do was the question. So they set up a brain- norm at the time. We felt these assistance initiative in the world. Above, Winship, left, chats storming session. It was attended programs were too sh o rt to We at the International with then-Knight President achieve enough lasting impact. Center for Journalists are inordi- Creed Black. by Jay Harris, then the 34 J O H N S . A N D JA M E S L . K N I G H T F O U N D AT I O N

J OH IRS N A LRIYS M U TO nately proud to participate in this and Slovakia. wrote me: “The Knight • In the Republic of Moldova – an partnership, teaming up with International Press Fellowships isolated nation still struggling to • Rhoda Lipton, a Columbia Knight Foundation’s visionary staff have tremendous potential. This find its footing in the post- University journalism professor, and board members, and a cadre kind of help is much needed at Communist era – Knight Fellow has become a Fulbright Fellow of the most experienced American a time like this. It ain’t going to Carole Brennan managed to and is using her Knight m edia professionals in the busi- be easy to do it well, but it can create from scratch a thriving Fellowship curriculum to launch a ness. More than 80 strategic over- be done.” Center for Independent new regional journalism school in seas partners have provided sup- I hope we are meeting the Jo u rnalism. The center off ers Bratislava. p o rt for our assistance projects. Knight challenge. training programs and professional Knight Fellows have been And the most important compo- support as the country’s only prolific in helping develop jour- nent of this team is the idealistic source of journalism education. nalism training tools and texts and courageous journalists around The Moldova center is now in the countries where they have the globe who are trying to be entirely self-supporting. worked. better professionals, often against • In South Africa, fi ve different • A manual on advertising and enormous odds. Knight Fellows have teamed up newspaper distribution written by From the outset, the Knight with Allister Sparks – the leg- Chris Braithwaite while on Foundation’s mandate for this proj- e n d a ry journalist who was assignment in the Ba l kans has ect has been clear: find a way to America’s main window on the been translated into Serbo- assist our press colle a gues in the tragedy of apartheid. Fellows have Croatian and Bosnian and is used emerging democracies who do not carried out scores of extensively in Croatia, Bosnia and yet benefit from a tru ly independ- workshops for a new generation Macedonia. ent media. The strategy was sim- of journalists at Spark’s • Pam D’Angelo, a veteran UPI ple: tap into America’s rich 200- Institute for the Advancement reporter, deve l o p ed the first style- year experience of free press of Journalism. book ever for the newsrooms of journalism to help our colleagues • In Latin America, former Dayton Kenya. abroad. Daily News Editor Max Jennings Since its inception, 11 5 • Lucinda Fleeson, a reporter transformed the way journalists Knight International Fellows have for The Philadelphia Inquirer, and editors approached their been assign ed to 73 countries. wrote a training manual and a sto ry-writing when he was a con- Each year up to 20 fellows are how-to book on investigative sultant in the newsrooms of sent to Latin America, Africa, reporting which is now being Mexico City’s widely acclaimed Central and Eastern Europe, the used by other media trainers Reforma newspaper and its sister former Soviet Union and Asia. from Lebanon to Chile. papers in other major cities. The program, in tru th, has In short, the program’s Many Fellows continue shar- become a journalistic peace corps, impact grows each year far ing their professional skills and with these hundred-plus Fellows beyond the fellowships them- management expertise around having he l p ed their brethren selves. The basic mission of the the globe after their assignments abroad. At the same time, they program is to underscore how an are completed. have become far better and more independ-ent press is an indis- • Since completing his nine-month enlighte n ed news pensable part of any aspiring stint in Prague and Budapest in practitioners themselves. democracy. 1996, Ed Johnson, former head of The list of Knight Fellows reads Knight Foundation chose to put the New York Times Regional like a Who’s Who of newspeople its resources 100 percent Newspaper Group, has returned from all corners of the media behind this notion. several times to consult with profession. Their achievements At the launch, Lee Hills newspapers in Ukraine, Belarus are extraordinary: 35 19 9 9 A N N UA L RE P O RT

1999 JOURNALISM PRO GRAM I n August 1999, Time Warner Chairman and CEO Gerald M. Levin was keynote speaker at the Aspen Conference on Journalism and Society, cosponsored by Knight Founda- tion. Addressing a crowd that included dozens of senior media corporation executives, Levin discussed the need for journalistic values in the new digital age and reminded the group that the legendary Henry Luce ran Time with “rock-ribbed journalistic integrity and editorial quality.” Such values, he said, are important heading into a new century because Internet-based, digital technology promises to be “the most powerful tool in history for helping us see life, the FROM PAST: world, each other. … But the ultimate worth of this tool – like THE Akron newsboys deliver the Beacon Journal to Ohio every other tool that’s come before – is in who uses it and to readers – an early but essential link in helping the what purpose.” Kn i ght family establish their lifelong devotion to jou r- Double-click forward five months. Time Warner’s Levin nalism of excellence. shares the stage and spo t l i gh with Steve Case of America Online t in announcing the seismic mer ger that ushers in the first week of 2000. There’s no better example of the head-spinning changes that have, and will, affect the worlds of journalism and free speech. For all the buzz about convergence and bandwidth, despite the drumbeat of the dot-coms, regardless of how we get our news or by what medium or who ow ns the company, Knight Foundation’s Journalism Program in 1999 kept its eyes on the prize of supporting journalism excellence. Thro u ghan unprecedented 41 grants totaling nearly $22 million, Kn i ght Fo u n d a ti on’s journalism program bra n ch ed out in 1999 into new arenas, strengthened capable organizations and continued to support journalism quality. In its first half-cen- Time Warner Chairman and CEO Gerald M. Levin, tury, Knight Foundation has invested more than $120 million far ri ght, co m m ents du ring a discussion at the Knight- in the education of current and future journalists and the defense sponsored Aspen Co n ference on Journalism and Soci ety. of a free press worldwide. Those 50 ye a rs have witn e s s ed dra m a tic change and changing atti tudes. Addressing the subj ect “Wi ll the Media Be the End of Us?” as the Lee Hills Fellow at Stanford University’s John S. Knight Fell owship program last January, Russell Ba ker rem i n ded his audience that the notion of journalist-as-professional is a relatively new phenomenon. “Fifty years ago,” Baker said, “there was much less dispo- sition to take ourselves or the business as solemnly as we do today.” But as Larry Jinks points out in the accompanying reflec- World Press Institute fellows Car los Camacho of tion on Knight Foundation’s support of midcareer journalism Venezuela, left, and Roberto Baldini of Italy flank pres- (page 42), supporting professionalism, consistently and over iden tial candidate Ge o rge W. Bush, governor of Texa s , time, is a proven way to ensure journalism of excellence. during a rally at a homeless shelter in Minneapolis. 36 JOHN S. J A M E S L . K N I G H T F O U N DAT I O N AND

1999 JOURNALISM P ROGRAM Fell ows of the In s ti tu tes for Jou rnalism & Na tu ral Re sources High Cou n try In s ti tu teexamine plants at Logan Pass in Montana’s Gl a ci er National Park. A $300,000 grant to the institutes will help promote higher standards of coverage of natural resources and the environment. The Foundation’s Kn i ght Chair in Journalism program wel- Kn i ght Foundati on’s efforts to provi de working journ a l i s t s com ed two well-regarded journalism sch ools to the fold in 1999, the opportunity to broaden their horizons and acquire new increasing the number of tenured teaching positions for noted skills for the future took several forms in 1999. Our trustees journalism practitioners to 14. Northwestern University’s new approved the creation of a Knight Western Center for Special- Knight Chair will focus on broadcast journalism at the Medill ized Journalism, to be hosted by the University of Southern School, while Syracuse University’s new Knight professor will Ca l i fornia and joi n t lyopera ted by USC and University of Ca l i f - concentrate on political journalism at the Newhouse School. ornia at Berkeley. Modeled on the successful approach devel- Two veteran women journalists filled Knight Chair postings in oped at the Knight Center at the University of Maryland, the 1999. Pulitzer Prize - winning editor Jacqui Banaszynski has been new center will offer short, intense sessions for visiting report- n a m ed to serve as the Kn i ght Chair in Editing at the Un ivers i ty ers and editors, focusing in particular on subjects of interest to of Missouri School of Journalism. At the University of Florida, journalists and audiences in the western United States. online specialist Melinda McAdams is te aching “New Media and The Kn i ght Scien ce Journalism Fell owships at Ma s s achu- a Democratic Society.” One of her current courses deals with setts Institute of Tech n o l og under the new directi on of noted y, a basic question: “What happens when you put the power of a science wri ter Boyce Rensberger, received two gra n t s– one to su p- mass medium into the hands of individual citizens?” port two annual short co u rses for science reporters and news Knight Foundation moved firmly in 1999 into support of executives, the other to increase the nu m ber of fell owships ava i l- organizations working to improve the quality of broadcast jour- able. The Yale Law for Jo u rnalists Program, in wh i ch midc a reer nalism. The Radio and Television News Directors Foundation journalists complete the first year of law school, received five received two grants. One creates a three-year Project for ➽ more years of continued support. 37 1 9 9 9 AN N UA L R E P O RT

J OH IRS N A L IYS M TOR U Batten and me, both then Knight Ridder executives, to the Stanford campus for a series of conversations as a part of his preliminary work.) After a period of negotia- tions with Stanford, Hills recommended a $4 million grant, which the Foundation board approved in March 1982. The program became the John S. Knight Fellowships, and has steadily grown in prestige and influence in the years since. Jim Bettinger, who is deputy dire c tor of the Knig ht Fellowships, recently summarized the philosophy of the program this way: “Identify promising midcareer journalists. Stake them to several months at Stanford and let them study anything they want. Stimulate them with provocative seminars. And send ohn S. Knight liked journal- Larry Jinks, retired chairman Foundation trustees were inter- them back ists who were smart, tough- and publisher of the San Jose ested in making a strong state- to work, where they will raise m i n d ed, and who knew what ment in his memory, with Lee the overall level of journalism.” Mercury News, has served as a they were talking about. He Knight trustee and chaired the Hills leading the effort. In Stanford’s case, the num- did not have a lot of patience Journalism Advi so ry Co m m i t - Stanford University had ber of journalists involved is 18 with those who did not know long had a popular midcareer to 20 each academic year, 12 of te e through March 2000. what they were talking about. program for journalists, funded whom are usually from the U.S. For that reason, many of us originally by the Ford and the rest from a variety of think it is especially fitting that Foundation and later by the foreign countries. the Knight name has become so National Endow-ment for the The Foundation’s experi- prominent in the whole field of Humanities. The Reagan ence with the John S. Knight midcareer education for journ a l- Administration had decided to Fe ll owships created a friendly ists. phase out NEH fu n ding for pro- climate for a much bolder move In its early years the fessional education, and Lyle into midcareer training several In May 1982, Lee Hills, left, Foundation had made occasional Nelson, director of the Stanford years later. and Stanford President Donald contributions to university pro- program, was looking for a way In 1986, after the settlement Kennedy sign an agreement grams for working journalists, to keep the program going. of Jack Knig ht’s estate dramati- creating the John S. Knight but the era of sustained commit- Nelson made his pitch to c a lly increased the size of the Fellowships. The Foundation’s ment on a large scale really Hills, whom he had known for Foun-dation, Lee Hills set up a C.C. Gibson and Stanford’s began in 1982, a year after Jack years, and Hills made an analy- Journalism Advisory Committee, Albert Hastorf watch. Knight’s death. Knight sis of the potential. (He sent Jim with me as its first chairman. 38 JOHN S. J A M E S L . K N I G H T F O U N DAT I O N AND

J OH IRS N A LRIYS M TO U Using the John S. Knight Committee’s recommendation, Foundation has continued to Fellowships as an example, he the Foundation’s board approved support all of these programs, told us: “We want to develop a $8.25 million in grants for seven with major grants going to MIT, meaningful, visible program of midcareer programs. Michigan, Columbia and grants that will have a positive The largest grant was for Maryland to put their programs impact on journalism.” $3,256,500 to the on a solid, lasting basis. Based on our own deliber- Massachusetts Institute of Less than two years ations and armed with the Technology to reinvigorate a later the Foundation, after an results of an informal survey of respected but underfunded mid- intense study, funded the The 1989-90 MIT Knight news executives and journalism career program for science jour- Newspaper Management Center Science Fellows pose with educators Hills had made, we nalists, renamed at Northwestern University. director Victor McElhenny. agreed the Knight Science Journalism A colaboration between to focus originally on three Fellowships. Northwestern’s Medill School of areas: midcareer education, First A $2 million grant per- Journalism and J. L. Kellogg Amendment issues and devel- formed the same service for a Graduate School of oping journalistic opportunities business journalists program at Management, NMC has become for minorities and women. Columbia University. It is now the leader in offering training in Gene Roberts, then editor the Knight-Bagehot Fellowship media management. of the Philadelphia Inquirer, was in Economics and Business Encouraged by the success named chairman of a subcom- Journalism. of the Maryland’s Knight Center mittee charged with making Smaller grants went to for Specialized Journalism, the recommendations for midcareer Yale Law School to support Foundation is currently funding grants. He was (and is) a pas- what became the Knight development of a similar West sionate believer in sending jour- Foundation Fellowship in Law Coast program, with the nalists back to school to for Journalists Program; to University of Southern California broaden their knowledge and Stanford to enhance the John S. and the University of California recharge their personal batteries. Knight Fellowships; at Berkeley sharing responsibil- Roberts, who fondly to Michigan, for fellowships in ity for it. remembers his academic year at business and medical journal- Hundreds of the best jour- Harvard in 1961-62 as a Nieman ism, and to Harvard, to supple- nalists in this country and Fellow, took a broad look at the ment the endowment of the dozens of foreign journalists world of midcareer programs Nieman Fellows and to sponsor have benefited from Knight’s and made a set of sweeping rec- a Knight Latin American midcareer programs, with many ommendations for Foundation Fellow. going on action. He proposed shoring up All of these grants were to to win Pulitzer Prizes or to some troubled programs, support relatively long-term serve as top editors. enhancing more solid ones and academic experiences for estab- As a member of the Board creating one brand-new one. lished journalists. A seventh of Visitors of the John S. Knight “The formation of the grant was for an experimental Fellowships at Stanford, I sit every spring with the Fellows as committee coincided with a cri- new program at the University they wrap up their year. I can sis of funding for such things as of Maryland, offering intense testify from what I have heard midcareer education,” he short courses in specialized in those sessions that the right remembered recently, citing the subjects for journalists. It was named the Knight Center for kind of midcareer experience NEH cutoff as one example. Specialized Journalism. can make a good journalist In March of 1987, acting on the Journalism Advisory Over the years, the more knowledgeable, more thoughtful and more committed 39 19 99 AN N UA L R E P O RT

1999 JOURNALISM P ROGRAM Excell en ce in Jo u rnalism Edu c a ti on , wh i ch wi ll place broadc a s t j o u rnalism edu c a tors in tel evi s i onand radio news rooms in the next three years. It’s the broadcast equivalent of the successful program by the American Society of Newspaper Editors that p uts co ll ege journalism te ach ers into news p a per news rooms to sharpen and update their skills. The second grant establishes a three-year campaign to increase diversity in broadcast newsrooms. Knight Foundation’s emphasis on the teaching and learning of good journ a l i s tic practi ces has special re s on a n ce wh ether you are the one lecturing, the one taking notes in class or the even tual rec i p i ent of the student’s news product. Form er Knight Trustee Jay T. Harris offered practical advi ce to journalism teach- FROM PAST: THE ers in August at the ASJMC national convention in New Orleans. Jack Knight and the In ter Am erican Press As so ciation “The generation you are training today contains the lead- host President John F. Kennedy at an IAPA dinner in ers who will determine what journalism is in the future and wh a t Miami Nov. 18, 1963. Afterward, Kennedy leaves for it will mean to future generations of Americans,” said Harris. his ill-fated trip to Dallas. “You cannot give this next generation of leaders the answer to the questions they will face, for the answers cannot be known now. But you can give them the grounding and the language and the ways of thinking and knowing that will dramatically increase the odds that they wi ll answer the qu e s ti ons wi s ely wh en the time comes for them to do so.” Journalists are often regarded as society’s watchdogs, but the old question holds: who watches the watchdogs and keeps the practitioners on the straight and narrow? The American Jo u rnalism Revi ew, one of the leading journals of media indu s- try reporting, criticism and commentary, was beneficiary of a $1 mill i on ch a ll en ge grant over four ye a rs in 1999 that wi ll help its publ i s h er, the Univers i ty of Ma ryland Sch ool of Journalism, solidify AJR’s financial underpinnings. At home and abroad, the unfettered practice of gathering and reporting the truth is under constant attack. For years, the Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press has been one of the most effective organizations working in the trenches to defend First Am en d m ent ri gh t s . Kn i ght Foundati on made a significant investment in the Reporters Committee in 1999 with a grant of $2.3 million over three years to provide endowment and operating support. Tom Wi n s h i p, a dogged advoc a te for press freedom Above, Barbara Cochran, president of the Radio- Tel evision News Dire cto rs Asso ci a tion, m a kes a po i n t worldwide, comments on page 34 about the impact of the during a meeting of Knight’s Journalism Advisory Knight International Press Fellowship program in emerging democracies. Our interest in the field stems directly from Jack Committee. In 1999, Kn i ght funded two RTNDA projects, including a newsroom diversit y initiative to Knight’s pers onal convi cti ons, best expre s s edin 1955 in a speech provide networking opportunities like the one shown he gave in Rio de Janeiro as pre s i dent of the Inter American Press Association: “The threats to freedom of expression concern us above. 40 JOHN S. J A M E S L . K N I G H T F O U N DAT I O N AND

1999 JOURNALISM P ROGRAM At the University of Florida, professors Joe Ritchie of Florida A&M and Melinda McAdams of Florida spend a day with journalism students from each campus. Ritchie and McAdams are two of the cadre of Knight Chairs in Journalism. all,” said Knight. “To borrow a phrase, ideas can be dangerous and principles of journalism, and the economic imperatives of but the suppression of ideas is fatal. Freedom is a dangerous a highly competitive media world. way of life. But it is ours.” In a preface for a publication emerging from that Aspen A variety of organizations – all doing good work despite conference menti on ed at the beginning of this narra tive, Knight long odds and the difficult conditions faced by journalists in President and CEO Hodding Carter III offers a cogent outline places like Kosovo, Chechnya, East Timor and Colombia – for why it matters: received Knight funding to ensure the free reporting of news “Fair, acc u ra te and thoro u gh journalism, however the news overseas. Once again, familiar names in the field – The World product is delivered, is vital to the health of the democracy. Press Freedom Committee, Committee to Protect Journalists, Those who control the media control a public trust, not a pre- The In depen dent Jo u rnalism Foundation, the In ter Ameri c a n serve to be plundered in the name of bottom line imperatives. Press Association, IPI Report – received substantial funding from The media are not set apart from this democratic republic, but Knight Foundation in 1999. are squarely in and of it, and have implicit responsibilities Innovators from a variety of organizations – some work- accordingly – just as individual citizens have such responsibil- ing to ensure a more diverse pool of journalists gathering and ities. Soc i ety needs mirrors that ref l ect, not distort soc i ety ’s re a l- reporting the news, others striving to reach an educated and ities. Freedom of the press, like freedom of speech, is only as engaged public, still others trying to instill in our youngest cit- m e a n i n gful as its vi gorous exercise in the face of c ri ticism, pre s- izens a respect for the First Amendment – received many of those sure and even rage.” 41 journalism grants in 1999. Their work, too, is undertaken a gainst a backdrop of constant tension bet ween the va lues, ethics For a complete list of 1999 Journalism grants, see page 79. 41 1 9 9 9 AN N UA L R E P O RT

E D U S TAO R O N HI C TIY ment in specific community contexts. With a series of grants made at critical points between 1992 and 1999 to the Galef Institute, based in Los Angeles, and the Collaborative for Teaching and Learning, based in Kentucky, Knight Foundation supported a collaboration between the organizations that enhanced their capacities to engage in sustained reform. In the early 1990s, the Kentucky Education Reform Act (KERA) paved the way for groundbreaking statewide education reform. One of the most innovative features of the reform called for schools to stop grouping young O Betty Lou Whitford is a children strictly by age into sep- fied using ne of the great chal- professor of education and arate grades for kindergarten private money to connect and lenges for those com- Director of the National mitted through third grade. Instead, enhance separate pockets of Center for Restructuring schools were to create primary education reform, bringing to education reform is moving Education, Schools, and programs that would allow indi- together complementary and beyond discrete projects to Teaching (NCREST) at large-scale transformation of vidual children to learn at their mutually reinforcing strategies Teachers College, Columbia own pace, not necessarily on an led by reformers who under- teaching and learning. Typically, University. She has been a arbitrary schedule tied to spe- stand many essential ingredients the pendulum swings between m em ber of Knight Foundation’s “crazy-quilt” adoption of new cific age and grade levels. of change. Among those ingre- Education Advisory Despite strong research support- dients: Teachers are not to be programs and “one-size-fits-all” Committee since 1993. ing this approach, the reform worked on but invited into mandates. Sustaining either approach is problematic because was under attack and the likeli- reform; they hood that it would be aban- need support from each other rarely does reform become and from outside experts; and doned before it could be embedded in the underlying schools and teachers need dif- relationships among teachers enacted in classrooms was very ferent forms of support at differ- real. Moreover, insufficient sup- and students, their parents and ent times. Moreover, even with port had been provided for communities. the presence of an abundance of From 1981-1999, I was teachers to understand how to expertise about curriculum, create primary programs, much professor of education at the teaching, learning, student less build their commitment to University of Louisville in assessment, professional devel- Kentucky where I worked with making such changes. opment and school change, At the same time, The many school reform initiatives. I reform is not about forcing com- Galef Institute had developed w i t n e s s edhow Knig ht pliance to what is known; it is Foundation s u p p o rt for improving Different Ways of Knowing about adaptation, invention, col- (DWoK), both elementary- and middle-grades laboration and building commit- a curriculum for elementary schooling in Kentucky exempli- 42 J O H N S . A N D JA M E S L . K N I G H T F O U N D AT I O N

E D US T O R O N H I C AT I Y program development. The full story of the reform work of Galef, DWoK, the Kentucky Collaborative and Knight Foundation is yet to be told. But even from this brief description, several themes of the story are clear. It features the power of partnership and networking for enhancing curriculum, professional development and school improvement. It highlights proactive grant making from a foundation able Students at Barren County Middle School, a Different Ways of to look ahead and recognize or Knowing pilot site in Glasgow, Ky., participate in a writing create high leverage opportuni- exercise. The National Forum to Accelerate Middle-Grades Reform ties for change. It demonstrates named it a national School to Watch in 1999. that private dollars provided at critical points can sustain schools and a three-year pro- Earth Day celebration, and momentum toward reform. gram of professional develop- wrote letters to the editor with If the story ended there, it ment for teachers with intensive suggestions about how the local would be exemplary. But this is workshops and classroom fol- community could improve its also a continuing story of low-up. DWoK provides a social environment. reformers and a funder who studies, arts-infused curriculum Without DWoK and the defy typically strong tendencies that also integrates reading, leadership of the Kentucky to put boundaries around “the mathematics and science with Collaborative, it is highly likely project” so that effects of the performance-based student that the primary program would funding and the reform work assessments. The curriculum have been abandoned in can be clearly linked to those helps teachers engage children Kentucky by the mid-1990s. doing the work and providing in active learning through writ- Instead, with Knight funding the funds. As Galef expands nationally, the work in ing, problem solving and the use and 8:1 local funding matches, Kentucky is combining with of literature and the arts to stim- the number of schools and other curricular reforms such as ulate thinking and language. teachers using the curriculum Project TEAMS and Math in the This emphasis closely parallels expanded from 50 teachers in 25 schools in 1993-1994 to Middle and with whole school the curriculum reform goals of nearly 4,500 teachers in 333 reform approaches such as KERA, including preparing stu- schools by 1999. The Foundation Accelerated Schools. dents to demonstrate in practi- also supported the expansion of These days, I reflect on cal ways what they have the program into the middle this work from a more distant learned. For example, students grades, coordination with vantage as professor of educa- studying a DWoK unit on the teacher preparation programs, tion and director of NCREST at environment wrote and per- and tapping the research and Teachers College at Columbia formed two songs about recy- development capacities of the University. Even from New York cling on a local television two major state universities for City, I recognize that this part- broadcast, produced a puppet evaluation research and further nership among Galef, the show on pollution for a local 43 19 9 9 A N N UA L RE P O RT

1 9 9 9 E D U C AT I O N P R O GRAM I n the course of regular grant making in Knight Foun- dati on’s Edu c a ti on Program du ring 1999 there was a sense of both strong heritage and encouraging progress and momentum. New grants for several organizations with wh i ch the Fo u n d a ti on has worked for ye a rs unders cored the lesson that time as well as dollars can be an important investment. Both past and future played significantly in the decision to make a new $5 million grant to Cornell University in 1999. According to biographer Charles Whited, John S. Kn i ght described his co ll egi a te life at Corn ell as “inauspicious.” “But he had ga i n edsom ething from the co ll ege that proved priceless in later years,” wrote Whited, “a sense of wri ting discipline, in gra ti tu de for wh i ch he had given financial support to Corn ell’s writing program for under gradu a tes.” The Foundati on endowed the program in 1986 as a tribute to our founder at his alma mater and has continued to support its enhancement in the intervening years to help assure its servi ce to the univers i ty and its nati onal statu re and leaders h i p. As Corn ell government professor Mary Katzenstein writes in the accompanying piece on page 46, the new funding for the John S. Knight Writing Program supports its continued outreach to other higher education institutions, endows a new Sophomore Seminar series and provi des for the full er integrati on of technology and assessment. It will also link the program, to be named the Knight Institute for Writing in the Disciplines, to Cornell’s bold living-learning initi a tive to integra te more effectively the pers onal, intellectual and ethical development of each student. The Kn i ght bro t h ers were edu c a ted men with a clear com- m i tm ent to edu c a ti on, wh i ch they dem onstra ted thro u gh their personal philanthropy as well as thro u gh their Foundation. Th ey were also committed to strengthening communities, another value Knight Foundation reflects. Our support acknowledges that edu c a ti on is an essentially local enterprise, its quality determined in large measu re by what a community itself can mu s ter. As a re su l t , the Foundati on re s ponds to local needs and opportu n i ties to strengthen edu c a tion in 26 commu n i ties and is alert to local efforts that may have broader sign i f i c a n ce . Kn i ght su p- port for education also has a nati onal dimension, acknowl edging that the expertise, ideas, experience and perspective of outside organizations can inform , en ri ch and inspire commu n i ty effort s . This year we have provi ded ad d i ti onal stra tegic support for FROM PAST: two nati on a lly significant programs that ori gi n a lly came to our THE In 1992, photojournalist Cecelia Konyu docu- atten ti on in proposals received over the transom from the com- mented the work of Ruby Middleton Forsythe, an munities. Support for the Galef Institute and its innovative 87-year-old teacher in charge of a one-room school- Di f ferent Ways of Kn owing (DWoK) reform model began with house on Pawley’s Island, S.C. a small , re s ponsive grant in 1992 for a one-sch ool pilot program 44 JOHN S. J A M E S L . K N I G H T F O U N DAT I O N AND

1999 E P D U C AT I O N ROGRAM Through two literacy and writing initiatives that put students together with community members, Temple University is developing a promising example of school, college and community collaboration linking undergraduate writing instruction with community service learning. trictwide implementation in Los Altos Schools, further prod- in Ca l i fornia. Over the dec ade several major grants to Galef and uct enhancement and related professional development for key partners have helped DWoK move to scale as a strategy for teachers. In 1999, Knight Foundation encouraged entrepre- Ken tu cky’s ambi tious statewi de reform , as Bet ty Lou Whitford, neurship with a program-related investment – a low-interest a valu ed member of our Education Advi s ory Com-mittee, wri te s loan – to help CNS develop, publish and market teacher train- on page 42. The program has now reached more than 5,000 ing materials and tools for student assessment. Additional teachers and 350 schools in Kentucky alone and has spread to encouragement for the effort also came when the Los Altos 26 other states. In 1999, a grant to the Co ll a bora tive for Teaching S ch ool Di s tri ct was ra n ked first statewide in Ca l i forn i a’s assess- and Learning, the architect and ag ent of Galef ’s work in ment of fourth-grade reading. Ken tu cky, is helping it move to indepen dent status and An emphasis on collabora ti on continues to ch a racterize our beyond DWoK to work with the introduction and adaptation support for education, nation a lly and loc a lly. Most notably since of additional, complementary models for school reform and 1992, the Foundation has supported a total of 26 school/col- teacher professional development. lege partnerships around the nation in the Excellence in Likewise, a modest grant to the Los Altos School District near San Jose, Calif., in 1991 supported the pilot testing of a Education initiative. With the able assistance of Washington, prec u rs or to the now widely used Re ad , Wri te & Type com p uter D.C.-based Policy Studies Associates (PSA), the Foundati on pro- software that blends phonetic and whole-language i n s tructi on duced a second publication this year, Collaborating to Learn, and teaches computer keyboarding skills to young children. Since which doc u m ents lessons about sustaining and enhancing co l- that time, additional support to California Neuropsychology l a bora tive relati onships over time. Although Knight’s Excellence in Education initiative has officially concluded, the pro- ➽ Services (CNS), which developed the software, enabled dis- 45 1 9 9 9 AN N UA L R E P O RT

E D US T O RO N HI CATI Y My colleague was exactly right. Indeed we do take writing very seriously at Cornell, not just in the Government Department but across the university. The particular signature of the John S. Knight Writing Program at Cornell is this very commitment to the instruction of writing in the context of what the faculty knows best – its own distinct disciplines. The driving conviction of the Knight program at Cornell is that writing instruction must be located in departments and must be fully integrated into the different departmental cultures. This assimilation of writing instruction into the regular dis- ciplinary curriculum gives the Knight program its unique character. S grassroots activism, or the In the “Writing in the Mary Fainsod Katzenstein ome months ago, I lis- is a professor in Cornell tened in while a col- inevitable query by prospective Disciplines” approach, there is majors – “What is political sci- an inescapable as well as highly University’s Government league asked a prospec- ence good for?” But I’d never salubrious tug-of-war. It is com- Department. Her most recent tive freshman about the reasons book, on women’s advocacy for her interest in political sci- known a student to ask about mon to hear graduate students political science as a path to who are teaching first-year writ- within the Catholic Church ence. “I know it electoral office. Naive maybe, ing seminars articulate this and U. S. military, is will sound naive,” she began Faithful and Fearless: Moving unpromisingly, “but I want to but original! As I was searching explicitly: “Can I really teach for an answer (“we have a writing and still do justice to Feminist Protest inside the run for office, for the Senate, course on campaigns and elec- the massive amount students Church and Military. maybe even the presidency one day. Can a political science tions, another on the presi- need to learn (about the dency,”) European Union, or the transi- major help me do this?” tion to democracy in Latin my colleague remarked, “You I was suddenly very inter- America, or the American presi- ested! Unlikely as it sounds, not will learn exactly what you dency)?” Those of us with need to know in this depart- once in my 25 years of teaching longer histories in the profession ment because we are very seri- political science had I ever know that this question is really heard anyone pose the question ous here about teaching you to write. No one in Washington,” a career-long challenge. When, of whether a political science he went on, “has time to bother as political science professors, major was useful to someone with academic verbosity. We we stand in front of a podium, it who wanted to enter politics. want to teach you how to craft is far too easy never to envision Law, yes, or business, the for- strong, parsimonious prose.” our students outside the class- eign service, nonprofit work, or 46 JOHN S. J A M E S L . K N I G H T F O U N DAT I O N AND

E D US T O RO N H I C AT I Y room, to fail to imagine our stu- Foundation, the John S. Knight prisons. dents as a successive progeny of Program at Cornell locates the It is a measure of the pro- lawyers, or diplomats or instruction of writing in aca- gram’s success, moreover, that activists, never mind as politi- demic departments, thus recog- writing instruction occurs fully cians. Instead, unwittingly per- nizing the distinctive discipli- across the disciplines. Sixty perhaps, it is tempting to set about nary cultures that make up the cent of the courses are offered cultivating our students to be writing that students do in col- outside the English Department. bonsai political lege and that they will draw on In the upper-level WIM courses, science professors – diminutive in their later careers. The pro- the sciences (biology, astronomy replicas of ourselves. gram now teaches 3,000 fresh- and physics) are particularly Teaching writing in the man each semester in the first- well-represented. This means disciplines as part of a universi- year writing seminars. Soon, the that priority is given to writing tywide program arrests this latest $5 instruction reducing the risk of temptation. Integrating writing million Knight grant will enable its becoming a marginalized instruction in the core depart- an additional 1,500 upperclass endeavor so often left elsewhere mental courses not only requires students to participate every to adjunct faculty or treated that we as faculty keep our stu- year. Cornell’s President Hunter as the special domain of a cadre dents’ futures in view. It also Rawlings has pledged an addi- of writing instructors who are keeps us honest. Jee Sun Lee, a tional $1 million to match assigned the task of trying to graduate student with whom I Knight’s grant – a sign to the evangelize. am now co-teaching a course on faculty of the university’s com- The John S. Knight “Prisons in America,” captured mitment to the curricular cen- Program at Cornell is under this exactly. In preparation for trality of the writing program. intense demand now to work this course, she took the The Knight writing with other colleges and univer- required – and exhilarating – instruction draws on faculty sities. Each summer, under the Knight Writing in the Majors from across the university – auspices of the Knight Institute (WIM) instructional seminar that chaired professors and recent for Writing brings together graduate stu- tenure-track appointees alike in the Disciplines, Cornell fac- dents from across the disciplines who teach alongside graduate ulty members join with three- who are to be instructors in the students from each department person teams of faculty, univer- program. Having to explain her trained specifically in writing sity administrators and writing practice assignments in political instruction. Its director is program directors to discuss science to a colleague from biol- appointed from the tenured fac- writing instruction in the disciplines. Jonathan Monroe, the ogy meant “... bringing into ulty. In my own department, Cornell writing director, has focus what your own goals more than half of the faculty has been involved in major struc- really are when you see how taught writing under the Knight program auspices either in the tural revisions of the undergrad- unusual, how foreign, an assign- first-year seminars or in the uate curriculum at several insti- ment can seem in someone upper-level Writing in the tutions including Duke and else’s eyes.” Teaching writing in Majors courses. I have taught Princeton. The program has also the discipline while being held numerous first-year writing begun a major publication pro- accountable to ears and eyes seminars at Cornell on politics gram. Soon, three separate vol- beyond the discipline encourages in India as well as upper-level umes with contributions from instructors to mine, but not to wallow in, their expertise. Writing in the Majors classes on distinguished faculty members Started in 1986 with a $5 the women’s movement and the teaching writing within their million endowment from the aforementioned course on U.S. disciplines from both within and outside Cornell will make the 47 19 99 AN N UA L R E P O RT

1 9 9 9 E D U C AT I O N P R O GRAM m o ti on of co ll a bora ti on remains a significant interest thro u gh- out our grant making. It is i n c reasingly app a rent that in ad d i- ti on to sch ools and co ll ege s , a wide range of other key community players must be included in collaborative efforts to enhance stu dent ach i evement. As a result, organizations that are boldly and broadly collaborative are readily apparent on our grant lists, including Co ll ege Summit, Communities In Sch oo l s , the National Center for Family Literacy, Reach Out and Read, the Summit Education Initiative and Take Stock in Children. Temple University is developing an especially promising example of school, college and community collaboration linking ef forts to stren g t h enunder gradu a te wri ting instructi on and community service learning through its Literacy in Action and Writing Beyond the Curriculum initiatives. Other 1999 grants FROM PAST: THE also supported distinctive efforts to utilize the resources of higher At Centre College, a participant in the Excellence in Undergraduate education to strengthen schools and communities and to pre- Education initiative, student Steve Goudy consults w ith English pare a new generation for civic leadership, including those to Professor Kathy Barbour and her dog, Lola. Bard College, Dickinson College, Georgia College and State Un ivers i ty, Ohio Dominican Co ll ege and Pre s entation Co ll ege . Service to com mu n i ty, va riously and uniqu ely defined, was also an important element in the selection of five new presidential leadership grants to strong priva te co lleges. The 1999 recipient insti tuti ons and their presidents were: Al bi on College, Dr. Peter T. Mitchell; Goshen College, Dr. Shirley H. Showalter; Gustavus Adolphus College, Dr. Axel D. Steuer; Morehouse College, Dr. Walter E. Massey; and Salem College, Dr. Julianne S. Thrift. These $150,000 grants, intended to both recognize and challenge, are to be used at the discretion of the president to stren g t h en the insti tuti on for the futu re. The gra n t s are initiated by Knight Foundation without prior, direct contact with the institutions; there is no proposal process. Over the last dec ade , edu c a ti on reform previ o u s ly focused on schools has grown up to engulf higher education. Rapid social, economic and technological changes are combining to make existi n g, once ef fective, high er educati on policies and practices obsolete or ineffective. Kn i ght Foundation is directing support to help build college and university capacity both to meet the needs of the futu re and protect core mission and values. Our most notable undertaking is su pporting the con ti nu a ti on of the p i on eering work of the Kn i ght Higher Edu c a ti on Co ll a borative based at the University of Pennsylvania’s Institute for Research on Higher Education, a network of more than 160 change- At a reception for the presidents of schools receiving Presidential minded instituti ons. The grant also su pports the Co ll a bora tive’s Leadership grants, Dr. Grego ry Pri n ce , president of Hampshire Coll ege , Policy Pers pe ctives, a periodic news l et ter that provides provoc a- chats with Knight Vice Chairman Jill Ker Conway, former president tive essays on key issues shaping the fiel d . Ot h er su pport in 1999 of Smith College. 48 JOHN S. J A M E S L . K N I G H T F O U N DAT I O N AND

1999 E P D U C AT I O N ROGRAM K night Foundation’s 1999 publication Collaborating to Learn: More Lessons from School-College Partnerships in the Excellence in Education Program, recorded the efforts of several strong partnerships forged between school districts and nearby colleges and universities. One of the Excellence in Education Initiative’s most valuable and enduring products, for any party interested in collaboration, is the following collaboration checklist. The publication is available on Knight Foundation’s web site at www.knightfdn.org. Getting to Know Each Other ✐ Line up stakeholder groups ✐ Get commitment from top administrators ✐ Develop a shared vision ✐ Define the goals of the collaboration ✐ Implement a public awareness campaign ✐ Agree on the policies and decision-making procedures that will guide the collaboration At a 1999 College Summit workshop at the University of Colorado ✐ Clarify roles and responsibilities at Colorado Springs, students work on essays that will help improve ✐ Learn about each other’s culture their chances of being accepted by colleges and universities. Working Together ✐ Manage time so that the collaboration fits into teachers’ schedules ✐ Set up a system of regular communications that includes has gone to a group of leading higher education organizations opportunities for participants to network and share experiences able to help large numbers of colleges and universities accom- ✐ Decide if an external facilitator is necessary plish change by strengthening public opinion analysis, public ✐ Market the collaboration to key leaders in the school and in the policy, l e adership development, governance, s tu dent assessment university and accreditation. ✐ Use team-building activities to promote professional collaboration In addition to education and communities, the Knight ✐ Create a leadership structure that remains stable if key personnel bro t h ers were committed to strengthening the practi ce of j o u r- change nalism and protecting freedom of the press. Because journal- ✐ Involve teachers in designing their own professional development ists need readers, those values have encouraged substantial Keeping the Collaboration Going Foundation inve s tm ent in literac y. Over the decade , Kn i ght su p- ✐ Build incentives for college faculty to collaborate with schools port has moved beyond an early concentration on adult liter- ✐ Link the collaborative project to the school district’s improvement acy to emphasize family literacy through programs that teach plan parents and children together in order to break a cycle of illit- ✐ Create a critical mass of erac y. In 1999, the Fo u n d a ti onintegra ted literacy more formally people participating in the as a pri ori ty in the Education Program and began to explore how collaborative project to promote literacy communitywide by encouraging collabo- ✐ Evaluate the project for ration among national organizations that work effectively in continuous improvement communities. With venturesome support to dynamic organi- ✐ Extend the collaboration zations like Libraries for the Future, the National Center for by finding other ways to Family Literacy and Reach Out and Read, Knight Foundation work together cel ebra tes a proud heri t a ge and ad d resses a re s pon s i bi l i ty to the future. For a complete list of 1999 Education grants, see page 76. 49 1 9 9 9 AN N UA L R E P O RT

K F O U N D A T I O N C O M M I S H II O N O O N I AT H L E T I C S NIGHT S ST RY N T E R C O L L E G I AT E Athlete. Through five years of dedicated service and two subsequent reports, the commission’s members – college presidents, elected officials and experts from the world of sp o rt s – laid out a re f o r m model built around a central conviction – presidents must control college sports. That conviction was the basis of the Commission’s effort to control runaway athletic programs. It was also the foundation of a multiyear NCAA reform agenda that “was lifted chapter and verse” from the Knight Commission report, according to The New York Times. Our reform recommen- I William C. Friday, above left, n the late 1980s, I found threat and suggested that he dations were encapsulated in the president emeritus of the would work with the phrase “one-plus-three,” with myself deeply worried about University of North Carolina, the state of intercollegiate Foundation board to secure the “one” being presidential con- served as co-chair of the athletics. Half of the big-time funding for a major Commission trol directed toward the “three” Kn i ght Foundation Commission on Intercollegiate Athletics. – academic integrity, financial football programs in the country on Intercollegiate Athletics were placed on probation in that Together, he and I worked to integrity and independent certi- with Fa t h er Theodore Hesburgh, decade for violating the regula- pursuade Father Ted Hesburgh, fication. That simple president emeritus of the president emeritus of the prescription put athletic reform tions of the National C o llegi a te University of Notre Dame. Athletics Administration University of Notre Dame, to front and center on the list of (NCAA). My old friend Lo u join me as co-chairman. With academic priorities of trustees that, the Knight Foundation and presidents across the land. Harris, the famous pollster, told me more than 90 percent of the Commission on Intercollegiate We’ve come a long way. American people thought col- Athletics was born in 1989 – Today, college and university the first significant, independent presidents have assumed policy lege sports were out of control. C o n c erned that question- effort to examine college sports control and full responsibility for able activity by some athletic since the Carnegie Foundation the NCAA’s leadership. for the Advancement of Presidents are also held account- departments would bring higher education into disrepute, I took Teaching published a seminal able for “institutional control” of advantage of my membership on study on the topic in 1929. The the programs on their own cam- Knight Commission quickly puses. Knight Foundation’s Education Adv i s o ry Committee to talk concluded that change was It’s a major turnaround. about my misgivings with needed. That’s not all. Admissions The process of change requirements have been tight- Creed Black, the Foundation’s new president and former news- began when the commission ened; athletes’ grades and paper publisher. issued its 1991 report, Keeping course sequences have to demonstrate they’re on target to Creed quickly saw the Faith with the Student- graduate; financial controls have 50 JOHN S. J A M E S L . K N I G H T F O U N DAT I O N AND

KN I G H T FO U N DAT I O N C O M M I S S I O N I N T E R C O L L E G I AT E AT H L E T I C S ON been put in place or strength- put the real power where it ened on every NCAA campus; should be – in the hands of aca- and a certification program demic leaders. As Gene based on periodic peer review Corrigan, then commissioner of of athletic programs has been the Atlantic Coast Conference, created. These reforms put it, enactment of the Knight Commission recommendations meant that “Presidents now have no place to hide.” We were never under any illusions that our recommendations would solve all the problems of college sports. What we set out to do we accomplished. Dean Smith, the respected head basketball coach of the University of We helped clarify responsibili- North Carolina, shares his views on intercollegiate athletics with the ties and established procedures Knight Commission during hearings in the early 1990s. to insure academic and fiscal integrity on campus. But we also understood, as we said in our final report, that reform is a destination, not a race. That journey is still under way. Long-festering problems are growing worse. Growing commercialism remains a problem. The broadcast rights to the NCAA basketball tournament command billion-dollar figures. Football teams no longer play in the Fiesta Bowl or the Sugar Bowl, but the Tostitos Fiesta Bowl and the Nokia Sugar Bowl. Not one of the 10 players garnering Heisman Trophy votes this past year accepted an invi- tation to play in the East-West Shrine Bowl (a game that benefits crippled children) because players are not paid to participate. College sports have become big business. An entire sports industry exists independent of our campuses. Another troubling sign is 51 19 9 9 A N N UA L RE P O RT

ART AN T C Y S H I SD O RU L T U R E Autonomy, though, has had a down side as well. It concerns collections, and particularly the sheer haphazardness by which museum collections have been irrationally scattered across this country. Absent the correcting hand of some central authority to maintain a balance between the location of important museum objects and the where- abouts of the public that wants to see those objects, the divi- sion of our museums into “haves” and “have nots” has been all but inevitable. In the “have” museums, hundreds of thousands – perhaps even millions – of remarkable objects languish unseen and unappreci- ated in storage areas. Meanwhile, in “have not” museums, visitors are routinely deprived of even the most rudi- mentary opportunity to experience in any authentic way the material expressions of many other cultures. The striking originality of MLN was the notion that this P The origin of MLN lies in mismatch between collections rojects are like fireworks. Stephen Weil is emeritus senior the singular nature of this coun- Some few simply fizzle. and the public could be scholar at the Smithsonian try’s museums. Almost uniquely, Most perform largely as addressed through a formalized Institution’s Center for our museums are organized as program expected. Now and then Museum Studies. He is chair- autonomous entities and not, as though, one truly takes off, of voluntary collection-sharing man of the Museum Loan elsewhere, as parts of some rocketing skyward in a majestic without in any way compromis- Network Advisory Committee. governmental or other central- ing the underlying strengths of arc, brilliantly straining to ized system. That autonomy achieve some wholly unantici- the participating museums. Above, he stands beside accounts for many of their pated height. For me, MLN – Inspired by late Knight Faustina – The Elder, a greatest strengths. Conspicuous Foundation Trustee Lee Hills, the Museum Loan Network – Roman statuary on loan to among these is their capacity to belongs to this last c a teg o ry. For and following a two-year feasi- the Lowe Art Museum in develop in so many remarkably five years now I have watched bility study, MLN was officially Coral Gables, Fla., from the diverse and vigorous ways. No launched in 1995 by Knight in in wonder as it continues to J. Paul Getty Museum in two of our museums are truly climb, soaring ever hig her and partnership with The Pew Los Angeles. alike, and most are fiercely th rowing off ever more brill i a n t Charitable Trusts. During the local. years since, those connected and surp r i s i ng sp a rks. 52 J O H N S . A N D JA M E S L . K N I G H T F O U N D AT I O N

ARTS AN T C Y H I SD O RU L T U R E with the program have traveled between individuals working in wholly unforeseen at its incep- a remarkably steep and some- different museums but also, tion. It has now posted on its times bumpy learning curve. sometimes surprisingly, those web site a series of seven vir- “Voluntary collection-sharing” between individuals working in tual exhibitions based upon turned out, in practice, to be the same institution or the “real” exhibitions in which both more challenging and far same community. Among several MLN-facilitated loans had richer in potential than anybody adjustments made by MLN since played important parts. had at first envisioned. 1995, one has been to raise the Projects, like fireworks, It was originally thought, ceiling on planning grants to need propellants. Propelling for example, that the major reflect its greater emphasis on MLN on its steady upward impediments to arranging long- this trust-building aspect of its climb has been its remarkable term intermuseum loans would work. founding director, Lori Gross. be informational and financial. Another unanticipated prob- Having served five years as MLN’s basic tasks, accordingly, lem was a lack of expertise chair of MLN’s Advisory would be (1) to use planning among potential borrowers. A Committee, I still marvel at grants to identify and match museum wanting to borrow how seamlessly she is able to potential sources of supply and objects of a type with which it combine her intensely visionary demand, and (2) once an identi- itself did not generally work – and intensely practical selves. fied match had ripened into a Native American objects, for Equally indispensable has been potential loan, to facilitate that example – was not likely to have the nurturing but always deli- loan by providing the parties a person on staff with the requi- cate guidance of MLN’s funders, with an implementation grant. site knowledge to arrange an Knight and Pew. Common to MIT’s Office of the Arts was appropriate loan. them all, I think, is the sense chosen to administer MLN with In 1998, to help ameliorate that that what MLN is really about the thought that much of this problem, MLN established a at bottom is, paradoxically, nei- work – including the design and corps of Curatorial Ambassadors ther museums nor loans nor net- maintenance of a computerized – more than a dozen specialists works. Those are only means directory from which participat- from museums across the country toward its true end: to make a ing museums might see what who could be made available to positive difference in the lives of was available for them to bor- furnish curatorial guidance to those who come into contact row – could be automated. potential borrower s as well as to with the exhibitions and other With five years’ hindsight, provide advice to MLN itself. collaborations that MLN engen- it seems clear that those infor- As MLN was broadening ders. To take such seemingly mational and financial elements, the range of support services it unpromising and underutilized objects as those found in all- albeit essential, were not in could offer, it also expanded in but-dead museum storage and – themselves sufficient to support other ways. In 1999, it was through the transforming power a smoothly flowing program of decided to extend the project beyond its original constituency of the networked relationships intermuseum loans. Equally of art museums so that history that it continues to create – to important, it transpired, was the museums convert those objects into establishment of relationships. and other institutions dealing sources of such public wonder, For the MLN to succeed, it had with “cultural heritage” m ig ht discovery, imagination and joy to create – beyond a network of institutions – a network of indi- also has been, and continues to be, viduals as well. Among the p a rt i c i p a te. Meanwhile, MLN has MLN’s splendid and very special relations of trust that had to be undertaken to provide still accomplishment. developed were not only those another public service, one 53 19 9 9 A N N UA L RE P O RT

1999 ARTS C U LT U R E PR O AND GRAM A s Liz Lerman demonstrates so eloquently on page 56, the arts can stir the souls and fire the imaginations of both presenters and audiences. In the belief that the arts do change lives and create better communities for its residents, Knight Foundation has invested $103 million in community-based as well as nationally renowned arts and cultural institutions since its inception 50 years ago. The first arts grant was made to the Akron Opera Guild in 1950. Over the next two decades, major arts organizations in Knight communities, such as symphony orchestras and art museums, were the primary beneficiaries of the Foundation’s a rts funding. In 1988, the trustees voted to formalize the national Arts and Culture Program as the fourth broad field of interest and in 1990 hired its first Arts and Culture program officer. Since that time the program has been ref i n ed and sharpen ed , but sti ll s eeks to fulfill its earliest mandate to encourage innova tive proposals from quality art museum and galleries; other museums (i.e., children’s, history, natural history and science); music (specifically orchestras and opera companies); theater; dance and historic preservation. Grants made to or ga n i z a ti ons in our com mu n i ties in 1999 FROM PAST: THE ref l ected this breadth of i n terest and con cern. Proj ects inclu ded Hugh Wolff, musical director with the St. Paul Chamber Orchestra, exhibitions, performances, new works, endowments, capital conducts a class in 1998 as part of Musical ‘U.,’ the SPCO’s audience campaigns, arts education programs, outreach and marketing participation project developed through Knight’s ‘Magic of Music’ campaigns, services for special and at-risk populations, cross- Symphony Orchestra Initiative. disciplinarycollabora ti ons and efforts to improve organizational capacity. Always informing this range of support is the over- riding interest in improving the quality of life in the 26 communities where the Knight brothers published newspapers. Specific examples include a $50,000 grant to Di s covery Place in Charlotte for an interactive children’s exhibition exploring issues of prejudice and discrimination; a $25,000 grant to Dra m a tic Results in Long Be ach to implement an arts-based academic and life - s k i lls program for at-risk elem en t a ry sch ool ch i l- dren; and a grant to Young Actors Th e a tre of Tallahassee, a portion of wh i ch wi ll help low-income students participate in the theater’s educational programs. Also recognizing that a cultural organization’s ability to respond to constituent needs is in direct proportion to its own health, we su pport insti tuti onal sel f - i m provem ent efforts. New Freedom Theatre – a Philadelphia-based company suc- cessfully dedicated to changing nega tive percepti ons abo ut bl ack life in America – received a $125,000 grant to ensure that programming would not be compromised while staff addressed a This photo of a school band is from the Johnson Hampton Album of short-term fiscal setb ack. In Macon, the Harriet Tubman 1900, part of the Williams College Museum of Art’s project, ‘Carrie Museum is ra p i dly evolving from a grassroots organizati on into Mae Weems: The Hampton Project.’ 54 JOHN S. J A M E S L . K N I G H T F O U N DAT I O N AND

1999 ARTS C U LT U R E PR O AND GRAM The New Yo rk Ci ty Ba ll et , s h own here perfo rming Tw yla Tharp’s The Beet h oven Seven t h, re ceived a 1999 grant to devel op and dissem i n a te new choreography. a regional center for education about the African-American accessibility to the arts, the new facility will also play a major experience. To meet rapidly growing demand, the Tubman is role in the redevelopment of downtown Biloxi. looking to construct and endow a major new downtown facil- A number of 1999 projects highlighted the power of the i ty. Kn i ght re s pon ded with a $130,000 grant for campaign plan- arts as tools for en ga gem ent within and bet ween com munities. ning and implementation. We also made significant en dowment Ci ti zenship and civic participation, for example, were the foc u s grants to a handful of c u l tu ral organizations in M a m i , Detroit i of t h ree broadly inclu s ive ef fort s . EdVen tu re, a Co lu m bi a , S.C., and Akron that, because they were of special interest to the children’s museum, received a $200,000 grant for three inter- Knight brothers, had received annual support for many years. active exhibits providing opportu n i ties for children to cast votes In c reasingly, we are directing our su pport for capital cam- about topical issues and understand the impact of p u blic op i n- paigns toward projects that are part of a comprehensive ap- ion. The North Carolina Biography Project, developed by the proach to community development. The George E. Ohr Arts Mu s eum of the New So uth in Ch a rl o t te, profiles the lives of 150 and Cultural Center, as part of a capital campaign for the new people who have made a differen ce in the state du ring the 20th Ohr-O’Keefe Museum of Art in Biloxi, received a $500,000 grant cen tu ry – illu s tra ting that participati on in com mu n i ty can take to devel op the African-American Gall ery, con s tru ct an outdoor many forms. And a $1.5 million grant will help people in ArtWalk and ren ova te the Pleasant Reed House, a nati onal his- Philadelphia realize a long-held dream to build the Na ti on a l Con s ti tuti on Cen ter – a mu s eum dedicated to enhancing ➽ toric landmark own ed by a form er slave. While providing greater 55 1 9 9 9 AN N UA L R E P O RT

ARTS AN T C Y H I SD O RU L T U R E the desert was an essential part of their peoples’ history and rit- ual. The spirit of the creator was everywhere, they agreed. Then the rabbi said that God was still creating. That it was our job to take part in this ongoing act by appreciating every breath and every morsel we ate. Then I thought I heard him say that if we ceased this participation in creation, God would die. The Tohono O’odham nodded his head and said, “Yes, that is why we do the dances, the ceremonies.” I went away from that day awed by the landscape and by the depth of commitment these men had devoted to the spiritual side of creating. Later when I viewed the tape, I realized that I had heard in reverse what the rabbi had said. The words he actually spoke were: “God is constantly creating and if God stopped we would die.” Either way, creation is a life-and-death matter. Either way, enacting the ceremonies, performing the dances, and appreciating the power of the ecently we were mak- Liz Lerman is founder and moment have an equal role to artistic director of Liz Lerman ing a new dance in the play in completing divine acts Dance Exchange. Arizona desert. A of creation. And, it seems, each video crew was filming as one creative act is in essence mu l t i- of our dancers moved slowly ple acts of making something and among the rocks, gravel and of fi n ding meaning. cactus. At the center of the As an artist I heard the scene was a pair conversation as a mandate for of men, deep in conversation: a the making of new art, for the rabbi and a Tohono O’odham necessity of performing it pub- tribal leader. These two – from licly, and to keep it happening faiths born on opposite sides of constantly, ever in the present. the world – talked about how As a task it suddenly seemed 56 JOHN S. J A M E S L . K N I G H T F O U N DAT I O N AND

ART C U LT U R E S AND both blessed and daunting, a ers – as well as a gospel choir, Our audience freedom and a privilege, risky a mariachi band, a bona fide perceives it as both internal and and essential, and all utterly singing nun, local storytellers, external, and that is in part impossible without the support two remarkable composers and what brings meaning to the provided by visionary people a technical staff eager for any- moment of performance. and organizations who grasp the thing we could throw at them. And, perhaps more than urgency of artistic acts for the My own company of beautiful anything, this was very much a life and spirit of society. dancers was not just dancing, present time activity. Hazard, A few months later we but choreographing, editing, elation, poignancy were all tied were completing that same facilitating up in the fact that this particular dance, and managing the onstage traf- group of people was gathered In Praise of Ordinary fic of many bodies and the just once to make this particular Prophets, in a more expected backstage harmony of many project. Even as we told ancient setting: the modern theater on egos. stories and re-wove old tradi- the campus of the University of This was “making new tions, even if we carried on new Arizona in Tucson. This was work” at its most exhilarating, ideas and re-danced the dances the second stop in Hallelujah, frustrating, bruising and heart- at another site, it would never our national project that will ening. A small, sudden idea I be the same in any other place eventually create new dances in had had three years before was or time. a dozen communities across the finally taking the stage. It had The rabbi and the tribal country. With us, in spirit, was endured the phase of total fear leader had rejoined us, for they a group of organizations funding when I were both performing in person the project. That group included first step into the studio to start and speaking as huge projected Knight Foundation, which was building the dance, then passed video images. Their words had renewing its support of earlier into other collaborative hands, been incorporated into our Dance Exchange projects. Some and was now being broken and Hallelujah, reminding us: We of these funders had re-broken to be mended into the must keep the ceremonies alive a particular interest in advanc- form it would finally take. or we will lose our connection ing dance as an art form. Others This was the absolute to the spirit of creation. We were committed to the impact necessity of performing, because must participate in God’s act of of as opening night approached, creation or we ourselves will community-based art. Knight everyone, from cynic to perish. These truths were mani- Foundation was specific about unabashed naive groupie, came fest in the dance in which we supporting Hallelujah as a new earlier and earlier to calls, prac- were joined, the humanly divine creation. In embracing a project ticing harder and harder. I was act of making new art. As this surer about the questions it was struck anew report demonstrates, this act of asking than about the answers by the power of performance to risk, faith and vision is one to which the Knight Foundation it would find, Knight demand our best. I was so has committed with Foundation was truly demon- happy to witness again how a constancy and breadth that are strating its beautiful people are when their helping to sustain our ability to commitment to that cause. many parts come into conjunc- tion in the public act of making find meaning in our own ex i s- In that Tucson theater we art. I was inspired to see once tence. had been joined by local dancers more that this beauty is more and singers – some seasoned artists, some first-time perform- than spiritual; it is aesthetic. 57 19 9 9 A N N UA L RE P O RT

1999 ART C U LT U R E P S AND ROGRAM active parti c i p a ti on in the dem oc ra tic process thro u gh better understanding of the co u n try’s founding documents. The best of collaborative projects are distinguished by their ability to cut across traditional boundaries, both within and outside the arts field. In 1997, a highly successful cooperative capital campaign involving eight cultu ral orga n i z ations in Columbus, Ga., revealed the enormous potential of partnerships. With Kn i ght assistance, these organizations have again b a n ded toget h er beneath the banner of the Com munity Proj ects Fo u n d a ti on to condu ct market research , devel op marketing plans and implement a joint marketing effort. In Long Be ach , the Pu blic Corpora ti on for the Arts received a three-year, $525,000 grant to create the Arts Marketing Lab to address the marketing needs of more than 80 cultural organizations. Spurred and informed by the success of a cooperative marketing proj ect in Charl o t te that was both catalyzed and su pported by Knight Foundation, the Long Beach project demonstrates that lessons learn ed in one commu n i ty can be of significant benefit to another. FROM PAST: THE Grants made through our nati onal program to arts A 1994 grant to the National Trust for Historic Preservation sets up organizations located outside our 26 cities also kept an eye on a Community Initiated Development Program. It helps small busi- ultimate benefit to community. These helped support the cre- ness owners like Detroit bakers Lena and Omar Hernandez use his- ation and broad dissemination of new work, with a particular toric preservation as an engine in the revitalization of urban neigh- emphasis on bringing the best work to underserved audiences borhoods. in our com mu n i ties. A three - year, $187,000 grant to App a l s h op of Whitesbu r g, Ky., for example, supported the developm ent and national tour of a new American musical. Created in collabora ti on with Te a tro Pregones and Ju n ebug Producti ons, this bi l i n- gual, mu l ti ethnic work wi ll tour to as many as 20 citi e s , i n clu d- ing several of direct Knight interest. The Mid Atlantic Arts Fo u n d a tion received a $200,000 grant for “Artists and Communities,” a millennium program engaging 56 of the n a ti on’s finest artists and a broad ra n ge of citizens in every state and ju ri s d i cti on in long-term re s i dency proj ect s . The artists wi ll be hosted by nonprofit organizations that include arts coun- cils, a rts centers , mu s eums and com mu n i ty centers and wi ll create significant new works in the performing, visual and liter- ary arts. We also su pported to u ring ex h i bi ti ons abo ut specific populations. The Boston Museum of Science received a $200,000 grant for “Journey with Me: Stories of Growing Older,” examining the process of aging from scientific, humanistic and cultu ral pers pectives. Meanw i l e , Nort h e a s tern University received h In Miami City Ballet’s Inner-City Dance Project, students from low- funding for an exhibition of work by deaf artists exploring income neighborhoods receive weekly professional training in dance themes of the beauty and oppression of sign language, rela- and choreography. 58 JOHN S. J A M E S L . K N I G H T F O U N DAT I O N AND

1999 ARTS C U LT U R E PR O AND GRAM As part of a millennium grant to help save America’s Charters of Freedom, the National Archives will restore the murals in the rotunda of the National Archives Building. ti onships bet ween de a f and hearing family mem bers and tu rn- mant resources for installations and programs that reach a broad ing points in the history of deaf people. and diverse audience. Now in its fifth year, MLN has made 148 Arts and Culture’s two national initiatives continu ed to have grants to 119 mu s eums in 42 states and terri tories and has 3,900 a measurable impact on institutions and audiences. An evalu- objects from 29 institutions on its online directory. It has also ation of the first phase of the “Magic of Music” symphony ini- forged new networks betwe en museums of all sizes and ti a tive reve a l ed that the five-year ex peri m ent with a sel ect group expanded the dialogue about the role and importance of of 10 orchestras has: (1) succeeded in challenging “business as museum collections. usual”in orchestra presentations, (2) attracted new concert audi- Looking to the new millennium, Knight Foundation will ences, (3) fo s tered a more co ll a bora tive spirit within the orch e s- continue to focus on the arts as a med ium for ex pression, com- tras themselves, (4) strengthened orchestras’ artistic and orga- munication, understanding and even problem solving. The nizational identity and (5) encouraged development of new Foundation’s overarching mission is to contribute to the gen- forms of training for musicians to support their lifelong learn- eral well-being of people in our 26 communities. Our 50-year ing and artistic growth. Based on these findings, we are plan- history offers com pelling te s ti m ony to the cen tra l i ty of the art s ning a second phase. in this quest. As Steph en Weil notes in the accompanying arti cle on page 52, the Museum Loan Network stimulates and facilitates long- term loans of objects previously in storage – using these dor- For a complete list of 1999 Arts and Culture grants, see page 72. 59 1 9 9 9 AN N UA L R E P O RT

1999 TRUSTEES OFFICERS AND W. Gerald Austen, M.D. Chairman and Trustee Jill Ker Conway Vice Chairman and Trustee Hodding Carter III President, CEO and Trustee Creed C. Black Trustee Alvah H. Chapman Jr. Trustee W. Gerald Austen Jill Ker Conway Marjorie Knight Crane Trustee Gordon E. Heffern Trustee Lee Hills* Chairman Emeritus and Trustee Michael Maidenberg Trustee Rolfe Neill Trustee Beverly Knight Olson Trustee Hodding Carter III Creed C. Black John D. Ong Trustee John W. Rogers Jr.** Trustee W. Thomas Johnson*** Trustee Penelope McPhee Vice President/Secretary and Chief Program Officer Timothy J. Crowe Vice President/Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer Alvah H. Chapman Jr. Marjorie Knight Crane *Died Feb. 3, 2000 **As of March 2000 ***Through March 2000 60 JOHN S. JAMES L. K NIGHT FOUNDATION AND

1999 T OFFICERS RUSTEES AND In Memoriam Lee Hills 1906– 2000 Gordon E. Heffern Michael Maidenberg W. Thomas Johnson Rolfe Neill Beverly Knight Olson John D. Ong John W. Rogers Jr. 61 1 9 9 9 AN N UA L R E P O RT

1999 STAFF President’s Office Hodding Carter III, President and CEO Phyllis Neuhart, Secretary to Mr. Carter Hodding Carter III Phyllis Neuhart Penelope McPhee Hildee W. Wilson J. Bryan McCullar John Bare Lizabeth Sklaroff Programs Penelope McPhee, Vice President and Chief Program Officer Hildee W. Wilson, Secretary to Ms. McPhee J. Bryan McCullar, Grants Administrator Linda L. Raybin Peter A. Sahwell Kay Simpson John Bare, Director of Evaluation Lizabeth Sklaroff, Evaluation Assistant Community Initiatives Linda L. Raybin, Director Peter A. Sahwell, Associate* Megan Chernly, Consultant** Del Brinkman Janice L. Lewis Kay Simpson, Assistant Journalism Del Brinkman, Director Janice L. Lewis, Assistant Education A. Richardson Love Jr., Director Julia A. Van, Associate Naida E. Gonzalez, Assistant A. Richardson Love Jr. Julia A. Van Naida E. Gonzalez 62 JOHN S. JAMES L. K NIGHT FOUNDATION AND

1999 STAFF Arts and Culture Finance Gary Burger, Director Timothy J. Crowe, Vice President and Suzette L. Prude, Chief Financial Officer Associate Peggy Blanchard Smith, Alfredo A. Cruz, Secretary to Mr. Crowe Assistant Beatriz G. Clossick, Controller Raul A. Diaz, Investment Associate Gary Burger Suzette L. Prude Alfredo A. Cruz Gary A. Walter, Investment Associate*** Brian Cunningham, Accounting Assistant Elika Lopez, Finance Assistant Communications Larry Meyer, Director Judith Bernstein, Timothy J. Crowe Peggy Blanchard Smith Beatriz G. Clossick Raul A. Diaz Assistant Administration Belinda Turner Lawrence, Director Lynne D. Noble, Assistant Jorge Martinez, Manager of Information Technology Gary A. Walter Brian Cunningham Elika Lopez Zenobia Lopez, Records Coordinator Reba Sawyer, Receptionist *Through January 2000. **As of March 2000. ***As of January 2000. Larry Meyer Judith Bernstein Belinda Turner Lawrence Lynne D. Noble Jorge Martinez Zenobia Lopez Reba Sawyer 63 1 9 9 9 AN N UA L R E P O RT

ADVISERS Knight Foundation’s board Nancy Hicks Maynard *** Dr. Thomas C. Hatch Sara Kennington** of trustees is grateful for the President Senior Scholar Registrar many contributions of the Maynard Partners Carnegie Foundation for the Fowler Museum of distinguished advisers who Advancement of Teaching Cultural History have helped strengthen our James V. Risser*** programs in Community Initia- Director Dr. John W. Kuykendall George S. Keyes** tives, Journalism, Education John S. Knight Fellowships President Emeritus and Curator of European Paintings and Arts and Culture. The fol- for Professional Journalists Professor of Religion Detroit Institute of Arts lowing committee members Stanford University Davidson College have played an invaluable role Paul Richard ** * Through March 2000. in helping the Foundation fulfill Dr. Mary-Linda Merriam Vice President of Museum ** Chairperson as of March 2000. its mission. Armacost Programs *** As of March 2000. Higher Education Consultant The Children’s Museum Community Initiatives Advisory of Indianapolis Museum Loan Network Committee Dr. Betty Lou Whitford Advisory Committee * Through December 1999. Director ** As of January 2000. Scott McGehee, Chairman National Center for Restructuring Stephen E. Weil, Chairman President and CEO Education, Schools and Teaching Emeritus Senior Scholar Community Indicators Fort Wayne Newspapers Center for Museum Studies Project Journalism Advisory Smithsonian Institution John Dotson Committee Dr. Claudia J. Colton President and Publisher Tritobia Benjamin Lillian F. Harris Professor Akron Beacon Journal Larry Jinks, Chairman * Director and Co-Director Former Chairman and Publisher Howard University Gallery of Art Center on Urban Poverty Lou Heldman San Jose Mercury News and Social Change President and Publisher Suzanne Quigley * Mandel School of Applied Centre Daily Times John C. Carroll Registrar Social Sciences Senior Vice President and Editor Solomon R. Guggenheim Case Western Reserve Dr. James H. Johnson Jr. The Baltimore Sun Museum University Director, Urban Investment Strategy Center Barbara Cochran Jock Reynolds Dr. Paul DiMaggio Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute President Director Research Coordinator and of Private Enterprise Radio-Television News Directors Yale University Art Gallery Professor of Sociology University of North Carolina Association Princeton University Center for at Chapel Hill Joseph J. Rishel * Arts and Cultural Policy Studies Virginia Dodge Fielder * Senior Curator of European Dorothy S. Ridings Vice President/Research Painting Deborah Johnson-Hall President and CEO Knight Ridder Philadelphia Museum of Art President Council on Foundations Johnson & Associates Marketing Robert Haiman* Linda Shearer Holly Sampson President Emeritus Director Dr. Wilhelmina Leigh President The Poynter Institute Williams College Museum of Art Senior Research Associate Duluth-Superior Area Community Joint Center for Political and Foundation Bob McGruder Patterson B. Williams* Economic Studies Executive Editor Dean of Education Raul Yzaguirre Detroit Free Press Denver Art Museum Dr. Tom Miller President President National Council of La Raza Sandra Mims Rowe** Nina Archabal** National Research Center Inc. Editor Director Education Advisory Committee The Portland Oregonian Minnesota Historical Society Janice Nittoli Senior Associate Dr. John W. Porter, Chairman James D. Spaniolo Ron Chew ** Annie E. Casey Foundation CEO Dean Director Urban Education Alliance College of Communications Wing Luke Asian Museum President Emeritus Arts & Sciences Eastern Michigan University Michigan State University Barbara Franco** Past Superintendent, Public Director Instruction Merrill Brown *** The Historical Society State of Michigan Editor in Chief of Washington D.C. MSNBC 64 JOHN S. JAMES L. K NIGHT FOUNDATION AND

GR ANTS Barn Again! is one of the most successful of the traveling exhibits developed by the Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service (SITES), with support from Knight Foundation’s Arts and Culture Program. 65 1999 ANNUAL REPORT

GR G OV A N T SR A N TESR V I E W Listed on the fo ll owing pages are $69,541,641 in new grants approved du ring 1999 by the John S. and James L. Kn i ght Foundation. Some of these gra n t s , as well as those approved in past years, are disbu rsed over a peri od of several years. The net effect of these futu re and past commitments is that du ring 1999 the Foundati on actu a lly disbu rsed $53,142,772. No. of Grants Amount Programs Community Foundations Initiative 5 $ 1,500,000 Community Initiatives National 7 1,215,834 Community 87 10,786,885 Total 99 $ 13,502,719 41 $ 21,873,920 Journalism Presidential Leadership 5 750,000 Education National 28 14,603,500 Community 22 2,358,053 Total 55 $ 17,711,553 “Magic of Music” Symphony Arts and Culture Orchestra Initiative 1 30,000 National 25 4,987,000 Community 59 9,031,007 Total 85 $ 14,048,007 2 $ 100,000 Disaster Relief 7 $ 2,045,442 IDEAS Fund* 22 $ 260,000 Special 311 $ 69,541,641 TOTAL *The IDEAS (Innovation, Development, Experimentation and Strategy) Fund is intended to provide a discretionary resource for major initiatives that cross over all or a combination of Knight Foundation’s program interests. 66 J O H N S .. A N D JJA M E S L .. K N I IG H T FF OU N D A T II O N L K N G H T O U N D AT O N AND AM

C O M M U N I T Y I N I T I AT I V E S G R A N T S COM M UNI TY FOUND ATI O NS I NI TIATIVE Drug Strategies 185,834 (Washington, D.C.) (over two years) Chattahoochee Valley Community Foundation $500,000 To conduct an assessment of the efficacy of community anti-drug (Columbus, Ga.) (over five years) coalitions in Knight Foundation communities For a challenge grant for general operating support and to establish a permanent operating endowment The Foundation Center 30,000 (New York, N.Y.) The Community Foundation of North Florida 350,000 For general operating support (Tallahassee, Fla.) (over four years) For a partial challenge grant to provide start-up operating funds and to Southern Regional Council 200,000 establish an operating endowment (Atlanta, Ga.) For Phase I of the Youth Empowerment Project Foundation for the Carolinas 250,000 (Charlotte, N.C.) Subtotal: 7 grants $1,215,834 To establish the Waccamaw Community Foundation Restricted Fund serving the Myrtle Beach area COM M UNI T Y GR A NT S – CH IL DRE N/ S O CI A L WE LFA R E The Greater Grand Forks Community Foundation 350,000 Aberdeen Area Boys & Girls Club $13,185 (Grand Forks, N.D.) (over four years) (Aberdeen, S.D.) For a partial challenge grant for operating expenses and to establish a To install central air conditioning in the Boys & Girls Club permanent endowment Achievement and Rehabilitation Centers 20,000 Legacy Foundation 50,000 (Sunrise, Fla.) (Merrillville, Ind.) For operating support for after-school services for youth with For an operating endowment fund and to match a grant from the developmental disabilities and severe behavioral problems Lilly Endowment Arbor Hospice 25,000 Subtotal: 5 grants $1,500,000 (Ann Arbor, Mich.) For a children’s bereavement program N AT I O N A L C O M M U N I T Y I N I T I A T I V E S G R A N T S Boys and Girls Club of Duluth 25,000 Benton Foundation $300,000 (Duluth, Minn.) (Washington, D.C.) (over two years) To equip the fine arts program in the new Boys and Girls Club facility To develop a local prototype in Charlotte, Detroit and San Jose for Boys & Girls Club of Roberta/Crawford County 40,000 Connect for Kids, a multimedia information campaign to engage the (Roberta, Ga.) public to act on behalf of children To start a tutoring and mentoring program for needy youngsters California Neuropsychology Services 325,000 Boy Scouts of America (Central Georgia Council) 100,000 (San Rafael, Calif.) (Macon, Ga.) (over three years) For a program-related investment for Talking Fingers Inc. to publish To build a conference room in a new Scout Service Center as part of a and market support materials to enhance the “Read, Write & Type” larger capital campaign instructional software Breakthrough Club of Sedgwick County 30,000 Center for Policy Alternatives 150,000 (Wichita, Kan.) (Washington, D.C.) To purchase and renovate a clubhouse offering support services for For the African-American Youth Initiative 2000: A Civic Participation mentally ill youth as part of a larger capital campaign and Leadership Development Initiative for 18- to 24-year-old African-Americans Catholic Charities of the Archdiocese of Miami 50,000 (Miami, Fla.) Dade Community Foundation 25,000 To construct a permanent facility for Centro Hispano Católico (Miami, Fla.) Child Care Center For “Engaging in a Civil Society,” a statewide conference to address the interrelationship of government, nonprofits, businesses and the philanthropic sector in the future of Florida 67 1999 ANNUAL REPORT

CO M M U N I T Y I N I T I AT I V E S G R A N T S Center for Nonviolence 15,000 Odd Fellow-Rebekah Children’s Home of California 50,000 (Fort Wayne, Ind.) (Gilroy, Calif.) To expand family violence prevention and intervention services for To renovate and expand a recreation center Hispanic families Park Forest Village Day Nursery 22,000 Easter Seals of West Georgia 100,000 (State College, Pa.) (over two years) (Columbus, Ga.) (over three years) To extend the school year of a preschool for low-income children To construct and equip a new facility by four weeks Eastfield Ming Quong Foundation 90,000 Penrickton Center for Blind Children 30,000 (Campbell, Calif.) (Taylor, Mich.) To su pport a new parent involvem ent coord i n a tor po s i ti onover two ye a rs To renovate and expand a facility serving visually impaired children Fort Wayne Urban League 100,000 Refuge House 150,000 (Fort Wayne, Ind.) (Tallahassee, Fla.) To hire a parent involvement coordinator and a part-time literacy To build a new shelter and child-care center for battered women outreach worker for the start-up phase of the Fort Wayne Campaign and their children for African-American Achievement The Ridge 100,000 Friends for Youth 30,000 (Charlotte, N.C.) (Redwood City, Calif.) For a capital campaign to create a camp and conference center for To establish the Mentoring Institute, a training and technical teenagers and families assistance program to help organizations provide quality mentoring The Salvation Army (Charlotte Area Command) 250,000 services for children (Charlotte, N.C.) (over two years) Girl Scouts of Broward County 50,000 For a capital campaign to renovate facilities housing diverse programs (Fort Lauderdale, Fla.) including Boys and Girls clubs, a summer camp and a homeless facility To expand scouting activities in low-income areas of eastern for women and children Broward County Santa Clara County Girl Scout Council 25,000 The Journey Institute 35,000 (San Jose, Calif.) (Coral Gables, Fla.) To expand GOT CHOICES, a gang preven ti on progra m , to target at-risk To expand group counseling services for adolescent female victims elementary schoolgirls of sexual abuse and their parents Seacamp Association 50,000 Junior Achievement of Central South Carolina 25,000 (Big Pine Key, Fla.) (Columbia, S.C.) For a challenge grant to reconstruct a dock used for marine life and To implement the Success Skills program, which provides diverse water safety education as part of a larger project to rebuild facilities employability and life skills training for nonviolent youth offenders damaged by Hurricane Georges Kids in Common 60,000 The Second Mile 24,500 (San Jose, Calif.) (over two years) (State College, Pa.) (over two years) For a partial challenge grant to continue the organization’s leadership For scholarships for 35 at-risk children to attend summer camp role in the America’s Promise initiative in the San Jose area, which Sistercare 30,000 includes mentoring, jobs skills training and community service for (Columbia, S.C.) 30,000 at-risk youth For a challenge grant for renovations to a shelter for battered women Lutheran Child and Family Service of Michigan 100,000 and their children (Bay City, Mich.) Society for Haitian Advancement, Recognition and Education 20,000 To renovate and upgrade two Detroit residential treatment facilities (Miami, Fla.) for youth as part of a larger capital campaign For the Guidance and Training Initiative for at-risk Haitian youth Macomb County Child Advocacy Center/Care House 25,000 Society of St. Vincent de Paul of the City of Detroit 75,000 (Mt. Clemens, Mich.) (Detroit, Mich.) For a program that uses drama to show elementary schoolchildren For a challenge grant for capital improvements for two summer camps how to protect themselves from sexual and physical abuse for needy children 68 JOHN S. JA M E S L . K N I G H T F O U N D AT I O N AND

C O M M U N I T Y I N I T I AT I V E S G R A N T S SOS Children’s Village of Florida 32,400 National Constitution Center 1,500,000 (Coconut Creek, Fla.) (Philadelphia, Pa.) (over three years) For a behavior modification program for abused, abandoned and For a capital campaign to construct the National Constitution Center neglected children on Independence Mall State College Baseball Club 75,000 South Dakota 4-H Foundation 50,000 (State College, Pa.) (Brookings, S.D.) To develop a community youth baseball and softball complex To implem ent the Ch a racter Counts! program in northeast So uth Dakota Turnstone Center for Disabled Children and Adults 60,000 Subtotal: 6 grants $1,768,000 (Fort Wayne, Ind.) For capital improvements to the children’s therapeutic services area COM M UNI TY GR ANTS – CO MM UNI TY DEV EL OP M ENT as part of a larger capital campaign Arab Community Center for Economic and Social Services $75,000 VMC Foundation 75,000 (Dearborn, Mich.) (over three years) (San Jose, Calif.) For a challenge grant to establish a community computer lab to To expand a residential substance abuse treatment facility for women enhance educational and jobs skills and their preschool children Catawba Lands Conservancy 250,000 Wolverine Human Services 100,000 (Charlotte, N.C.) (Grosse Pointe Park, Mich.) To acquire and permanently protect land in the Mountain Island For a challenge grant to renovate the Detroit-based facilities of an Lake watershed organization that serves abused and at-risk youth Centre County United Way 11,600 Young Men’s Christian Association of Akron 500,000 (State College, Pa.) (Akron, Ohio) (over three years) For a community needs assessment project For a capital campaign for renovations and improvements at existing facilities and construction of a new branch in southern Summit County Christmas in April Macon 20,000 (Macon, Ga.) (over two years) Young Men’s Christian Association of Fort Wayne 50,000 To repair houses for low-income and disabled people (Fort Wayne, Ind.) To build a new branch on the north side of Fort Wayne Community Coalition of Horry County 50,000 (Conway, S.C.) (over two years) Subtotal: 38 grants $2,652,085 For a partial challenge grant for bridge funding for operating support during a transition period while the organization expands its donor COM M UNI TY GR ANTS – CI TI ZEN SHI P base and increases its income American Civil Liberties Union Foundation of Florida $48,000 Congreso de Latinos Unidos 100,000 (Miami, Fla.) (Philadelphia, Pa.) To start the Bill of Rights Public Education Program, focusing on youth For a capital campaign to construct a new headquarters for an and immigrants organization that provides diverse social services for Latino families in North Philadelphia Camp Fire Boys and Girls Santa Clara /Santa Cruz Counties Council 25,000 The Enterprise Foundation 750,000 (San Jose, Calif.) (Columbia, Md.) (over three years) To purchase a van for the Teen Leadership Corps For capacity-building activities to develop affordable housing and for Impact Online 100,000 related community development activities in Charlotte, Miami and (Palo Alto, Calif.) (over two years) San Jose and for an assessment of affordable housing and community To build a web site that promotes volunteer opportunities in San Jose development in Macon Kids Voting Minnesota 45,000 Entrepreneur Training 20,000 (Duluth, Minn.) (over two years) (Grand Forks, N.D.) For a partial challenge grant to expand activities into St. Paul For operating support for an entrepreneurship training program and Ramsey County targeted at low-income individuals 69 1999 ANNUAL REPORT

CO M M U N I T Y I N I T I AT I V E S G R A N T S C OM MU NI TY GRAN TS – H OM EL ESSNE SS Goodwill Industries of South Florida 50,000 (Miami, Fla.) Ain Dah Yung (Our Home) Center $25,000 For a capital campaign to remodel and expand facilities to provide (St. Paul, Minn.) additional training and employment opportunities for people with For operating support and diverse capacity-building activities for an disabilities or ganizati on that provi des shel ter and social servi ces for Native Americans Habitat for Humanity of Boulder Valley 30,000 Boulder Shelter for the Homeless 25,000 (Boulder, Colo.) (Boulder, Colo.) To build the final four homes in the Violet Hollow Project, a 16-home For operating support for the sheltering program project to provide affordable housing in north Boulder Carrfour Corporation 75,900 Local Initiatives Support Corporation 750,000 (Miami, Fla.) (New York, N.Y.) (over two years) For additional staff to develop and operate 300 units of permanent For comprehensive community development strategies in Philadelphia, supportive housing Detroit and St. Paul and technical assistance to support these efforts Community Partnership for Homeless 2,000,000 Mayville State University 20,000 (Miami, Fla.) (over five years) (Mayville, N.D.) For a challenge grant to establish an endowment that will generate For a pilot program to train displaced farm homemakers as operating support for homeless assistance centers in Miami-Dade administrative assistants County Neighborhood Development Center 105,000 Community Technology Alliance 35,000 (St. Paul, Minn.) (over three years) (San Jose, Calif.) To expand entrepreneur training, lending and technical assistance To expand a voice-mail program to aid the homeless and others programs in St. Paul without phones Ohio & Erie Canal Association 100,000 Foundation for Affordable Housing 100,000 (Peninsula, Ohio) (Lexington, Ky.) To develop the Akron/Summit County portion of the Corridor To construct 50 additional units at St. James Place, a single-room- Ma n a gem ent Plan for the Ohio & Erie Canal Na ti onal Heritage Corri dor occupancy housing program for the homeless United Way of the Midlands 40,000 Life House 50,000 (Columbia, S.C.) (Duluth, Minn.) To construct a new community center To renovate a facility providing shelter and support services for homeless youth Women’s Initiative Networking Groups 25,000 (Berea, Ky.) The Salvation Army of Grand Forks 100,000 To develop a marketing alliance and mentoring project for an (Grand Forks, N.D.) organization that provides entrepreneurship training to low- and For capital and start-up costs of a new transitional housing facility moderate-income Appalachian women for homeless families Subtotal: 16 grants $2,396,600 The Salvation Army (Macon Corps) 50,000 (Macon, Ga.) For a capital campaign to construct a new shelter and thrift store and renovate an existing shelter and community center over two years San Jose First United Methodist Church 40,000 (San Jose, Calif.) To start an employment-readiness program targeting homeless and low-income individuals Subtotal: 10 grants $2,500,900 70 JOHN S. JA M E S L . K N I G H T F O U N D AT I O N AND

C O M M U N I T Y I N I T I AT I V E S G R A N T S COM M UNI TY GR ANTS – LI TE RACY COM M UNI TY GR ANTS – OTHE R California Community Foundation $142,800 Allen County Local Education Fund $32,000 (Los Angeles, Calif.) (Fort Wayne, Ind.) (over two years) For a non-endowed donor-advised fund For a pilot program to train parents to improve their children’s reading skills Center for Excellence in Nonprofits 25,000 (San Jose, Calif.) Catholic Charities 25,000 For the second phase of a pilot project, Wired for Good, designed to (Wichita, Kan.) enhance the strategic use of technology by nonprofit organizations For a challenge grant to implement an adult basic education/literacy program at the Midtown Community Resource Center Charlotte Rescue Mission 75,000 (Charlotte, N.C.) Centre County Library and Historical Museum 25,000 For capital and start-up costs to relocate a thrift store that generates (Bellefonte, Pa.) revenue for the agency’s programs For a new handicapped-accessible bookmobile Deaf Service Center of Manatee/Sarasota Counties 5,000 Libraries for the Future 630,500 (Bradenton, Fla.) (New York, N.Y.) (over three years) To expand a classroom used for adult education To help local libraries collaborate to improve access to information through youth, family and community development programs in Donors Forum of Miami 20,000 Detroit, St. Paul, San Jose and Myrtle Beach (Miami, Fla.) For the South Florida Promotion of Philanthropy Initiative The Links Foundation (Greater Wayne County Chapter) 40,000 (Detroit, Mich.) God’s Pantry Food Bank 75,000 To implement programs that address literacy and cultural enrichment (Lexington, Ky.) and improve educational resources at a local public library For a capital campaign to constru ct a warehouse and office/training fac i l i ty Project: LEARN of Summit County 50,000 Legacy Foundation 203,000 (Akron, Ohio) (over two years) (Merrillville, Ind.) To build an endowment fund for this adult literacy service provider For a non-endowed donor-advised fund Rolling Readers USA (Bibb County Chapter) 36,000 Migrant Association of South Florida 10,000 (Macon, Ga.) (Boynton Beach, Fla.) For a pilot tutoring program and book distribution project for For operating support for a medical and dental clinic that serves undeserved elementary school students migrant farmworkers University of Akron Foundation 50,000 The Salvation Army (Aberdeen) 25,000 (Akron, Ohio) (Aberdeen, S.D.) To expand family literacy services provided by the Akron Knight Family To con s tru ct a new thrift store and ren ova te the Corps Com mu n i tyCenter Education Program at two local sites Subtotal: 9 grants $580,800 Subtotal: 8 grants $888,500 71 1999 ANNUAL REPORT

ARTS C U LT U R E G R AND ANTS ‘ MAGI C OF M USI C ’ SYM P HON Y OR CH ESTRA IN ITI ATIVE Grantmakers in the Arts 75,000 (Seattle, Wash.) (over three years) The Philadelphia Orchestra Association $30,000 For bridge funding to strengthen the organization’s capacity to provide (Philadelphia, Pa.) expanded services to arts grant-makers For an implementation grant for the orchestra’s organizational improvement program Guthrie Theater Foundation 75,000 (Minneapolis, Minn.) Subtotal: 1 grant $30,000 For production costs associated with a four-month Midwest regional tour of Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream, including performances in Duluth and Grand Forks N AT I O N A L A R T S A N D C U LT U R E G R A N T S High 5 Tickets to the Arts 75,000 Alabama Shakespeare Festival $25,000 (New York, N.Y.) (Montgomery, Ala.) For a planning grant to replicate High 5 programs in six cities, To develop and produce A Night in Tunisia, a new work by including five Knight communities nationally acclaimed playwright Regina Taylor as part of the Southern Writers’ Project The House Foundation for the Arts 75,000 American Dance Festival 100,000 (New York, N.Y.) (Durham, N.C.) (over two years) For the national tour of Magic Frequencies, a new multidisciplinary For a series of commissions to create new work in modern dance work by Meredith Monk, including three Knight communities American Symphony Orchestra League 300,000 Houston Grand Opera Association 100,000 (Washington, D.C.) (Houston, Texas) To support the Orchestra Academy, a professional development For the world premiere of Cold Sassy Tree, a new American opera and training initiative for orchestra managers, musicians, conductors, co-produced by opera companies in Austin, Baltimore, San Diego trustees and volunteers and Charlotte Appalshop 125,000 Jacob’s Pillow Dance Festival 100,000 (Whitesburg, Ky.) (over two years) (Lee, Mass.) (over three years) For the production, national tour and specialized marketing of a To support the creation and presentation of new work at the new American musical by multiethnic theater artists in collaboration summer festival with Teatro Pregones and Junebug Productions Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1,897,000 Arena Stage 150,000 (Cambridge, Mass.) (over three years) (Washington, D.C.) (over two years) To continue the Museum Loan Network for three additional years For the American Playwrights Project, a national initiative including Meet the Composer 175,000 audience development, playwriting workshops, and commissioning (New York, N.Y.) (over two years) and producing new work To implem ent Music Alive , a new orch e s tra-com po s er re s i dency progra m Chicago Historical Society 300,000 in collaboration with the American Symphony Orchestra League (Chicago, Ill.) Mid Atlantic Arts Foundation 200,000 For the National Museum Fellows Program to train minority museum (Baltimore, Md.) professionals For “Artists and Communities: America Creates for the Millennium,” Cleveland Play House 50,000 a national residency project (Cleveland, Ohio) Museum of Science 200,000 To expand The Next Stage new play development program (Boston, Mass.) Foundation for the National Archives 250,000 To develop and produce “Journey with Me: Stories of Growing Older,” (College Park, Md.) the multimedia component of a new traveling exhibition on aging To restore and reinstall the Constitution, Declaration of Independence that includes venues in Philadelphia and St. Paul and Bill of Rights, and the Charters of Freedom murals in the rotunda of the National Archives Building in Washington, D.C. 72 JOHN S. JA M E S L . K N I G H T F O U N D AT I O N AND

ARTS C U LT U R E G R A N T S AND National Shakespeare Company 200,000 Birmingham Bloomfield Art Center 45,907 (New York, N.Y.) (over three years) (Birmingham, Mich.) For a partial challenge grant for the expansion of the national touring To upgrade the center’s computer system program to include up to 20 Knight communities and to add three new Children’s Concert Society of Akron 120,000 Shakespeare productions to the repertoire over the next three years (Akron, Ohio) (over two years) New York City Ballet 100,000 For operating endowment to replace the Foundation’s annual support (New York, N.Y.) City of Green 28,000 To develop and disseminate new choreography (Green, Ohio) (over two years) Northeastern University 55,000 For a partial challenge grant to replace a storm-damaged roof on a (Boston, Mass.) historic schoolhouse For the development of a national touring exhibition of art created by Coconut Grove Playhouse 100,000 deaf artists and for related educational programming (Miami, Fla.) The Ohio State University Foundation 100,000 For a capital campaign to undertake structural repairs and complete (Columbus, Ohio) building code upgrades to the playhouse’s historical facility For the multimedia exhibition “Julie Taymor: Playing with Fire,” Community Bridges 5,100 its national tour and related educational programming (Biloxi, Miss.) Statue of Liberty-Ellis Island Foundation 150,000 For a six-part concert series, “Sunday Afternoon Jazz at the Elks” (New York, N.Y.) Community Projects Foundation 112,000 To support the creation of the American Family Immigration History (Columbus, Ga.) Center at Ellis Island For a cooperative audience development initiative for a consortium of The Studio Museum in Harlem 50,000 local arts organizations (New York, N.Y.) Detroit Science Center 750,000 For the exhibition and tour of “Wrights of Passage: Contemporary Art (Detroit, Mich.) (over three years) in Tra n s i ti on ,” an accompanying catalogue and interpretive progra m m i n g To upgrade and expand exhibition and programming space Williams College 60,000 Detroit Zoological Society 500,000 (Williamstown, Va.) (Royal Oak, Mich.) (over three years) For the photographic exhibition “Carrie Mae Weems: The Hampton For a capital campaign to build four new facilities and to create an Project” and its national tour, including Long Beach endowment for research and educational programs Subtotal: 25 grants $4,987,000 Discovery Place 50,000 (Charlotte, N.C.) C O M M U N I T Y G R A N T S – A R T S A N D C U LT U R E For an interactive children’s exhibition exploring issues of prejudice and discrimination African American Museum in Philadelphia $150,000 (Philadelphia, Pa.) Dramatic Results 25,000 To support the museum’s Millennium Campaign focusing on capacity (Long Beach, Calif.) building and new audience development To implement Dramatic Results, an arts-based academic and life skills program, for 50 at-risk elementary school students Alexander Mitchell Library 7,500 (Aberdeen, S.D.) EdVenture 200,000 To preserve the only extant copy of the Aberdeen Saturday Pioneer, (Columbia, S.C.) (over two years) a weekly newspaper published by L. Frank Baum in 1890 and 1891 To develop interactive, hands-on exhibits on voting and newspaper communications at a new interactive children’s museum American Musical Theatre of San Jose 50,000 (San Jose, Calif.) Florida Dance Association 20,000 To commission and develop Swing Camp, a new musical exploring (Miami Beach, Fla.) the experiences of Japanese-Americans held in internment camps To support collaborative community partnerships during the 1999 during World War II Florida Dance Festival 73 1999 ANNUAL REPORT

ARTS C U LT U R E G R AND ANTS Florida Grand Opera 1,000,000 Longboat Key Art Center 15,000 (Miami, Fla.) (over five years) (Longboat Key, Fla.) For operating endowment to replace the Foundation’s annual support For a capital campaign to renovate and expand the arts center by adding studio and gallery space, administrative offices and parking Florida Philharmonic Orchestra 1,000,000 Maximum Dance Company 25,000 (Fort Lauderdale, Fla.) (over five years) For operating endowment to replace the Foundation’s annual support (Miami, Fla.) To implement a new marketing initiative to increase attendance and Florida Symphonic Pops 10,000 earned revenues (Boca Raton, Fla.) Meadow Brook Performing Arts 75,000 For a challenge grant for elementary and middle school programming (Rochester, Mich.) during the 1999-2000 school year For a new marketing initi a tive to expand audien ces and increase revenue Fort Wayne Zoological Society 55,000 Miami Art Museum of Dade County Association 75,000 (Fort Wayne, Ind.) (Miami, Fla.) For the Heart of the Zoo capital campaign to renovate the original For MAM: Education Initiative 2000, to enhance education core exhibitions of the Fort Wayne Children’s Zoo programming and reach a broader and more diverse audience Friends of the Saint Paul Public Library 150,000 Miami City Ballet 50,000 (St. Paul, Minn.) (over three years) To establish a local humanities programming endowment and to (Miami Beach, Fla.) match a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities To support the 1999 Summer Inner-City Children’s Dance Project and the 1999-2000 school year programming in Miami-Dade and south George E. Ohr Arts and Cultural Center 500,000 Palm Beach counties (Biloxi, Miss.) (over three years) Michigan Opera Theatre 400,000 To develop the African-American Gallery, an outdoor ArtWalk and renovate the Pleasant Reed House as part of a capital campaign to (Detroit, Mich.) (over four years) build the Ohr-O’Keefe Museum of Art For operating endowment for education and outreach programming to replace the Foundation’s annual support Georgia’s Antebellum Capitol Society 120,000 Michigan Technological University 75,000 (Milledgeville, Ga.) (over three years) For permanent exhibitions and programming at Georgia’s Antebellum (Houghton, Mich.) Capitol Museum For outreach and education programs to low-income families and children during the inaugural year of the Rozsa Performing Arts Center Goodwood Museum and Gardens 70,000 Milledgeville-Baldwin County Allied Arts 12,000 (Tallahassee, Fla.) To make the Goodwood estate’s main house fully accessible (Milledgeville, Ga.) For capital improvements to the Allen’s Market building Granary Memorial Gallery 50,000 Mosaic Youth Theater of Detroit 50,000 (Groton, S.D.) (over three years) For a partial challenge grant to support a new full-time executive (Detroit, Mich.) (over two years) director position For a partial challenge grant for the Youth Ensemble Training Program providing free, comprehensive performing arts training to Detroit area Harriet Tubman Historical and Cultural Museum 130,000 youth ages 12-20 (Macon, Ga.) (over two years) Museum of the New South 25,000 To plan and implement a capital campaign to create, construct and furnish a new facility for the museum in downtown Macon (Charlotte, N.C.) For the North Carolina Biography Project, a study of individuals who Jubilate 35,000 have made significant con tri buti ons to North Ca rolina in the 20th centu ry (Miami, Fla.) (over two years) Music Center Opera Association 20,000 For a partial challenge grant to expand the African-American Concert Series in the 2000 season (Los Angeles, Calif.) For the Long Beach performances of On Gold Mountain, the first Kentucky Historical Society 250,000 community opera in the Voices of California project (Frankfort, Ky.) (over two years) To purchase software and equipment to make the museum’s collection available online 74 JOHN S. JA M E S L . K N I G H T F O U N D AT I O N AND

ARTS C U LT U R E G R A N T S AND Music Hall Center for the Performing Arts 50,000 The San Jose Symphony Association 50,000 (Detroit, Mich.) (San Jose, Calif.) To support student performances at the 1999 Montreux Detroit For a community outreach initiative Jazz Festival South Florida Museum 100,000 New Freedom Theatre 125,000 (Bradenton, Fla.) (Philadelphia, Pa.) For a capital campaign to renovate and expand the museum’s exhibition For transitional support for programming during the Recovery space, classrooms and entryway, install climate control and upgrade 2000 campaign security systems Ohio Chamber Ballet 500,000 Stan Hywet Hall Foundation 400,000 (Akron, Ohio) (over three years) (Akron, Ohio) (over three years) For operating endowment to replace the Foundation’s annual support For a restoration of surface drainage systems of this historic landmark Pennsylvania Ballet Association 50,000 Tallahassee Community College 50,000 (Philadelphia, Pa.) (Tallahassee, Fla.) For a comprehensive marketing and audience development initiative For an endowment to provide performing arts scholarships and enhance community outreach Philadelphia Festival of the Arts 80,000 (Philadelphia, Pa.) Theatreworks 50,000 To support the 1999 Marian Anderson Award and its related programs (Menlo Park, Calif.) To launch the New Works Initiative to develop and produce new works Philadelphia Volunteer Lawyers for the Arts 50,000 in musical theater (Philadelphia, Pa.) (over two years) For a partial challenge grant to establish the Cultural Entrepreneurship University of Miami 200,000 Center, an education program providing business skills training (Coral Gables, Fla.) (over two years) and l egal guidance to individual artists, trustees and staff of nonprofit For the Endowed Programs fund as part of the university’s School of arts organizations Music capital campaign Public Corporation for the Arts of the City of Long Beach 525,000 Weathervane Community Playhouse 50,000 (Long Beach, Calif.) (over three years) (Akron, Ohio) To create the Arts Marketing Lab, a cooperative marketing and audience For expansion of the theater’s classroom space as part of a three-year development initiative capital campaign The Rice Museum 20,000 West Valley College Foundation 25,000 (Georgetown, S.C.) (Saratoga, Calif.) To renovate the Kaminski Building and interpret the Brown’s Ferry For a matching grant to renovate a theater that serves the college and Vessel as part of a maritime exhibit documenting the achievements of local community African-Americans Wichita Art Museum 160,000 Roots Cultural Festival 58,000 (Wichita, Kan.) (Delray Beach, Fla.) (over two years) For a capital campaign to create a new entrance and expand For a partial challenge grant to support a new exec utive director po s i ti on exhibition space to increase the organization’s capacity over the next two years Young Actors Theatre of Tallahassee 32,500 Sacred Heart-John Chebul Memorial Center Association 25,000 (Tallahassee, Fla.) (Duluth, Minn.) To purchase new lighting and sound systems and to create a scholarship For phase two of a capital campaign to renovate and upgrade the fund for low-income students to participate in the theater’s educational Cathedral of Sacred Heart for use as a performing arts center programs San Jose Repertory Theatre 75,000 Subtotal: 59 grants $9,031,007 (San Jose, Calif.) (over two years) For a partial challenge grant to establish a new permanent position of director of new play development 75 1999 ANNUAL REPORT

E D U C AT I O N G R A N T S PRESIDENTIAL LEADER SHIP Champaign Unit #4 Schools 15,000 (Champaign, Ill.) For presidential leadership, to be used at the discretion of the presidents To be used by Jef fers on Mi d dle Sch ool for documentati on or for re s ponse of these liberal arts colleges to strengthen the institution for the future to inquiries associated with its recognition as a national School to Watch by the National Forum to Accelerate Middle-Grades Reform Albion College $150,000 (Albion, Mich.) Collaborative for Teaching and Learning 1,200,000 (Louisville, Ky.) (over three years) Goshen College 150,000 For organizational capacity building to assist Kentucky schools and (Goshen, Ind.) districts in the adaptation and effective implementation of design-based Gustavus Adolphus College 150,000 education reform initiatives (St. Peter, Minn.) College Summit 480,000 Morehouse College 150,000 (Washington, D.C.) (over three years) (Atlanta, Ga.) For a partial challenge grant for organizational development and expansion of regional services to enable larger numbers of talented, Salem College 150,000 low-income students to access higher education (Winston-Salem, N.C.) Cornell University 5,000,000 Subtotal: 5 grants $750,000 (Ithaca, N.Y.) For a partial challenge grant to strengthen and broaden the John S. Knight Writing Program at Cornell and to enhance the N AT I O N A L E D U C A T I O N G R A N T S program’s capacity for outreach to other colleges and universities American Academy for Liberal Education $600,000 Developmental Studies Center 300,000 (Washington, D.C.) (over three years) (Oakland, Calif.) (over two years) To continue to develop means for assessing student learning and good For a collaboration with the Coalition of Essential Schools to support institutional practices as the basis for institutional accreditation in the achievement of high standards in literacy, numeracy and character liberal arts formation in elementary schools American Association for Higher Education 203,500 Dickinson College 100,000 (Washington, D.C.) (Carlisle, Pa.) To develop strategies for advancing the achievement of minority For The Clark Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Contemporary students in specific academic disciplines Issues to promote community involvement and responsible American Council on Education 250,000 citizenship and to meet the National Endowment for the Humanities (Washington, D.C.) endowment challenge For the College Is Possible Campaign, a two-pronged initiative to Drake University 32,000 educate prospective students and their families better about the (Des Moines, Iowa) accessibility of higher education and financial aid and to encourage For a national effort to encourage faculty responsibility for assuring cost-effectiveness in higher education academic integrity at the campus level Association of Governing Boards of Universities and Colleges 850,000 Education Commission of the States 420,000 (Washington, D.C.) (over three years) (Denver, Colo.) (over three years) To develop the Center on Public College and University Trusteeship For a series of regional forums and state-level technical assistance to and Governance and specific services for trustees and executives of engage public policy-makers and academic leaders in examining public college- and university-affiliated foundations postsecondary education needs and policies Barren County Board of Education 15,000 Heritage College 50,000 (Glasgow, Ky.) (Toppenish, Wash.) To be used by Barren County Middle School for documentation or For Gathering 99, an event to share the distinctive approaches to for response to inquiries associated with its recognition as a national multicultural education developed by this college serving large numbers School to Watch by the National Forum to Accelerate Middle-Grades of Native American and Hispanic students Reform 76 JOHN S. JA M E S L . K N I G H T F O U N D AT I O N AND

E GR D U C AT I O N ANTS Institute for Change in Higher Education 150,000 Take Stock in Children Foundation 100,000 (Syracuse, N.Y.) (Jacksonville, Fla.) To design, deliver and evaluate a prototype program of professional For a planning grant to develop a new system of evaluation and development for academic leaders of institutional change as an outcomes measurement for Take Stock in Children’s student interven- essential step in exploring the need for a National Academy for tion programs Academic Leadership Temple University 71,000 The Institute for Educational Leadership 25,000 (Philadelphia, Pa.) (Washington, D.C.) To pilot test Literacy In Action, a universitywide effort to enhance the For a symposium to observe the 10th anniversary of the National teaching and learning of writing through community involvement Education Goals and discuss the future direction of standards-based and use of technology education reform United Negro College Fund 50,000 Institute for Research on Higher Education, 2,210,000 (Fairfax, Va.) The University of Pennsylvania (over four years) For operating support (Philadelphia, Pa.) University of California, Santa Cruz 420,000 For the Knight Higher Education Collaborative, a network of more (Santa Cruz, Calif.) (over three years) than 160 colleges and universities working cooperatively with innova- For the New Teacher Center to provide outreach relating to teacher tive consultants and technical assistance providers to accelerate the induction and to encourage experienced teachers to seek certification pace for accomplishing purposeful change by the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards Institute for School Innovation 52,000 University of Massachusetts Foundation 35,000 (Tallahassee, Fla.) (Boston, Mass.) To collaborate with the Kentucky Collaborative for Teaching and For the New England Resource Center for Higher Education to Learning to explore integration at the classroom level of two comple- collaborate with the Boston Foundation to develop materials to help mentary school reform models, Project CHILD and Different Ways community groups tap the varied resources of higher education for of Knowing improving civic life National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education 1,625,000 (San Jose, Calif.) Subtotal: 28 grants $14,603,500 For a partial challenge grant to develop and disseminate annual report cards on higher education performance in the 50 states COM M UNI TY GR ANTS – EDU CATION National Center for Restructuring Education, Schools and Teaching 50,000 Broward Community Education Foundation $40,000 (New York, N.Y.) (Fort Lauderdale, Fla.) (over two years) For a national symposium on “Accountability and Equity: The For a partial challenge grant for transition support to help institutional- Consequences of High Stakes Student Testing” ize and expand the IMPACT II teacher development and networking program in Broward County Ohio Dominican College 100,000 (Columbus, Ohio) Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools 90,000 For Urban Village 219, a community outreach program in the college’s (Charlotte, N.C.) ZIP code area, and to meet the William R. Kenan Charitable Trust To implement the IMPACT II teacher development and networking endowment challenge model in the Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools Presentation College 100,000 City Year 225,000 (Aberdeen, S.D.) (Boston, Mass.) (over three years) To expand the distance education program serving rural and To implement servi ce learning activi ties in the Philadel phia public schools Native American communities by adding online computer capabilities Recruiting New Teachers 100,000 (Belmont, Mass.) For dissemination of Learning the Ropes: Urban Teacher Induction Programs and Practices in the United States, the report from a major study of support programs for beginning teachers 77 1999 ANNUAL REPORT

E D U C AT I O N G R A N T S College of St. Scholastica 75,000 Jose Valdes Summer Mathematics Institute 240,000 (Duluth, Minn.) (San Jose, Calif.) (over three years) To implement the LEARNING PLUS science and mathematics To improve and formalize a training program for local teachers and enrichment program at Grant Magnet School college students participating in the summer mathematics institute Colorado School Mediation Project 25,000 Leon County Schools’ Foundation 20,000 (Boulder, Colo.) (Tallahassee, Fla.) To adapt the project’s conflict resolution program for use with To expand teacher development and networking programs using the middle-grades students at Casey Middle School IMPACT II model Columbus Economic Development Corporation 16,320 Michigan Metro Girl Scout Council 25,178 (Columbus, Ga.) (over two years) (Detroit, Mich.) To implement the University of Georgia’s Youth Leadership in Action To implement an academic and life skills education program in program with students from local high schools Emerson Elementary School Communities In Schools of Miami 504,000 Minnesota Humanities Commission 34,000 (Miami, Fla.) (over three years) (St. Paul, Minn.) For a tricounty collaboration of Community In Schools organizations To support and expand the number of schools using the Core in South Florida to use the School Success Profile assessment instru- Knowledge curriculum in Duluth ment to match programs and services more effectively to the needs The Prichard Committee for Academic Excellence 25,000 of at-risk students and their families (Lexington, Ky.) The Community School That Never Closes 170,000 For the Commonwealth Institute for Parent Leadership (Lexington, Ky.) Queens College 250,000 For the first year of the Renaissance Learning Project, an after-school (Charlotte, N.C.) program emphasizing accelerated mathematics, foreign language To build institutional capacity for the future immersion and the arts at Johnson Elementary School St. Andrew’s School of Boca Raton 25,000 Council for Basic Education 75,000 (Boca Raton, Fla.) (Washington, D.C.) For the Summerbridge 2000 program To pilot test the Schools Around the World project, an international, standards-based professional development program for teachers, in Summit Education Initiative 210,000 three schools in Horry County, S.C. (Akron, Ohio) To encourage and help organize community involvement in the Family Services of Summit County 76,555 improvement of education for all children in Summit County (Akron, Ohio) To implement the FAST (Families and Schools Together) family Thorne Ecological Institute 45,000 involvement program at Portage Path Elementary School (Boulder, Colo.) To start an environmental education program at a new facility on the Georgia College & State University 37,000 Sombrero Marsh (Milledgeville, Ga.) To develop a strategic plan for service outreach to the community White-Williams Foundation 50,000 and better organize student volunteers as community resources (Philadelphia, Pa.) (over two years) To develop and expand successful intervention strategies for academi- Henry Ford Community College Foundation 100,000 cally promising high school students at risk of dropping out of school (Dearborn, Mich.) (over three years) For faculty professional development on the use of technology for Subtotal: 22 grants $2,358,053 instruction adapting the Champions model developed by San Jose State University 78 JOHN S. JA M E S L . K N I G H T F O U N D AT I O N AND

JOURNALISM GR ANTS Accrediting Council on Education in Journalism $300,000 The Independent Journalism Foundation 225,000 and Mass Communications (over three years) (New York, N.Y.) (Lawrence, Kan.) For continued support of four training centers in Central Europe and To identify and train professional journalists and journalism educators for seed money for a postgraduate initiative to serve as site visitors in accreditation reviews of journalism schools Independent Press Association 25,000 American Society of Newspaper Editors Foundation 75,000 (San Francisco, Calif.) (Reston, Va.) For support of the Center for Justice Journalism For continuation and enhancement of diversity initiatives in newsrooms at daily newspapers Institutes for Journalism & Natural Resources 300,000 (Missoula, Mont.) (over three years) Association of Schools of Journalism and Mass Communication 600,000 To promote higher standards of coverage of natural resources and the (Columbia, S.C.) (over three years) environment For continued support of the Newspapers-in-Residence Program Inter American Press Association Press Institute 1,133,000 Association of Schools of Journalism and Mass Communication 85,000 (Miami, Fla.) (over three years) (Columbia, S.C.) For a program to protect journalists in Latin America and investigate For a Broadcasters-in-Residence Program crimes committed against them Center for Public Integrity 200,000 Investigative Reporters and Editors 75,000 (Washington, D.C.) (over two years) (New York, N.Y.) To support a state legislature journalism project focusing on conflict of To provide com p uter- a s s i s tedreporting training for minori ty journ a l i s t s interest laws Kansas University Endowment Association 500,000 Classroom, Inc. 50,000 (Lawrence, Kan.) (New York, N.Y.) (over two years) To increase the Knight Chair endowment fund To develop an interactive simulation based on the newspaper industry to teach public high school students academic and job-related skills Louisiana State University 15,000 (Baton Rouge, La.) Committee to Protect Journalists 650,000 For a symposium and report on the press at the turn of the century (New York, N.Y.) (over three years) For continued operating support to help the organization monitor Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2,220,000 abuses against the press worldwide (Cambridge, Mass.) (over four years) For a partial challenge grant for an additional endowment to increase Crimes of War Education Project 150,000 the number of stipends for Knight Science Journalism Fellows (Washington, D.C.) For general operating support Massachusetts Institute of Technology 407,070 (Cambridge, Mass.) (over three years) Duke University 500,000 To support two annual short courses for reporters and news executives (Durham, N.C.) covering science To increase the Knight Chair endowment fund National Association of Black Journalists 150,000 Education Writers Association 100,000 (College Park, Md.) (Washington, D.C.) (over two years) To provide fellowships to NABJ Media Institute Workshops To update services to help reporters cover education news better The National Center for Public Policy Research 68,000 Howard University 225,000 (Washington, D.C.) (Washington, D.C.) (over two years) For Missing Pages: True Stories and Great Adventures of America’s Black To establish the John S. and James L. Kn i ght Journalism Scholars Progra m Journalists and Broadcasters 79 1999 ANNUAL REPORT

JOURNALISM GRANTS National Foundation for the Centers for 640,000 The University of Maryland Foundation 1,000,000 Disease Control and Prevention (over three years) (College Park, Md.) (over four years) (Atlanta, Ga.) For a partial challenge grant to support the American Journalism For a public health journalism fellowship program Review National Freedom of Information Coalition 300,000 The University of Maryland Foundation 87,850 (Dallas, Texas) (over three years) (College Park, Md.) For operating support for this alliance of state freedom of information To develop, test and evaluate a specialized journalism short course on and First Amendment organizations the Internet Northwestern University 1,500,000 University of Missouri at Columbia 160,000 (Evanston, Ill.) (Columbia, Mo.) (over two years) To endow a Knight Chair in Journalism for broadcast journalism For a challenge grant to support the IPI Report Online NewsHour 150,000 University of Southern California 1,333,000 (Arlington, Va.) (over two years) (Los Angeles, Calif.) (over three years) For support of the Lehrer Online NewsHour web site for teenagers To establish a Western Knight Center for Specialized Journalism to be jointly administered with the University of California at Berkeley Radio and Television News Directors Foundation 950,000 (Washington, D.C.) (over three years) Washington Center for Politics & Journalism 150,000 For the Project for Excellence in Journalism Education, which will (Washington, D.C.) (over three years) p l ace broadcast journalism edu c a tors in tel evi s i on and radio news room s To su pport the expansion of the Politics and Jo u rnalism Semester program Radio and Television News Directors Foundation 150,000 World Press Freedom Committee 675,000 (Washington, D.C.) (over three years) (Reston, Va.) (over three years) For a Newsroom Diversity Campaign For a partial challenge grant for operating support The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press 2,300,000 Yale University 1,575,000 (Arlington, Va.) (over three years) (New Haven, Conn.) (over five years) For an operating endowment and transition operating support for this For continued support of the Yale Law for Journalists program, which organization that protects the First Amendment and freedom of infor- allows midcareer journalists to complete the first year of law school mation interests of the news media Subtotal: 41 grants $21,873,920 The School of Journalism Foundation of North Carolina 500,000 (Chapel Hill, N.C.) To increase the Knight Chair endowment fund Student Press Law Center 255,000 (Arlington, Va.) (over three years) For operating support for this organization that provides legal assistance on First Amendment issues to high school and college journalists Syracuse University 1,500,000 (Syracuse, N.Y.) To endow a Knight Chair in Journalism in political reporting Teachers College, Columbia University 320,000 (New York, N.Y.) (over three years) To support five regional seminars for journalists covering education University of Florida Foundation 275,000 (Gainesville, Fla.) For start-up support of the Marion Brechner Citizen Access Project, which will provide an annual evaluation of freedom of information and public access laws in all 50 states 80 JOHN S. JA M E S L . K N I G H T F O U N D AT I O N AND

IDEAS FUND MISCELL GR AND ANEOUS ANTS IDE AS FUN D* Project Hope 35,000 (Bethesda, Md.) Bard College $110,000 To explore local opportunities for strengthening collaborative (Annandale-on-Hudson, N.Y.) (over two years) community support for early childhood development, particularly in To replicate the Clemente Course in the Humanities for low-income Camden, N.J., and Gary, Ind. adults in Philadelphia and potentially other Knight communities Subtotal: 7 grants $2,045,442 Kids Voting Georgia 250,000 (Atlanta, Ga.) (over two years) * The IDEAS (Innovation, Development, Experimentation and Strategy) To expand to eight new communities Fund is intended to provide a discretionary resource for major initiatives Kids Voting USA 200,442 that cross over all or a co m bi n a tion of Kn i ght Foundation’s pro gram interests. (Tempe, Ariz.) For election-year activities by Kids Voting USA and its affiliates in DISASTE R R ELIEF Charlotte, Macon, Miami, Myrtle Beach and San Jose American Red Cross (Disaster Relief Fund) $50,000 Macon Heritage Foundation 200,000 (Washington, D.C.) (Macon, Ga.) For emergency relief efforts in Horry County in the wake of To rehabilitate 14 substandard houses for sale to low- to moderate- Hurricane Floyd income homeowners The Salvation Army 50,000 New Profit Inc. 250,000 (Conway, S.C.) (over two years) (Cambridge, Mass.) For a challenge grant of up to $50,000 for emergency relief efforts To develop the emerging field of venture philanthropy by adapting the in Horry County in the wake of Hurricane Floyd concepts of venture capital and entrepreneurship and applying them in the social sector Subtotal: 2 grants $100,000 NewTown Macon 1,000,000 (Macon, Ga.) SPECIAL GRANTS To implement a comprehensive plan to revitalize downtown Macon 22 Trustee-Recommended Grants $260,000 Total: 311 grants $69,541,641 GR A N T S PA I D PU R P O S E 1 9 9 9 BY Journalism 25% Education 23% Other 2% Culture 24% Human Services 26% Note: The inclusion of one or more large grants in a given year may skew the picture of how funds are used for that year. Changes in reporting requirements for the Foundation Center may cause a small variance from prior reports. 81 1999 ANNUAL REPORT

1999 TREASURER’S R EPORT A For the first 35 years, the assets of the Foundation were mong their many responsibilities, the trustees of private foundations are stewards of wealth entrusted relatively modest. From its founding in 1950 with a token $9,047 to 1985, the Foundation’s assets had increased in to their care in behalf of the community. Much of market value to $56.8 million. A significant portion of that the wealth in a private foundation, in spirit if not by law, belongs to the community because it willingly forgoes the amount came from a contribution to the Foundation made in 1972 by Clara I. Knight, mother of the founders. At the time, benefits that taxing this wealth would bring to it. In return, the trust dep a rtment of a local bank in Ak ron , O h i o, however, the com munity holds the tru s tees to a special and privileged ob ligation to use the funds wisely for the hometown of the Knight brothers, served as the pr incipal manager of the Foundation’s assets. community’s benefit. This ob ligation extends not only to In 1986, Knight Foundation’s assets increased dramatical- s pending the wealth with care and wi s dom but also to investing it in similar fashion. ly with the receipt of more than $428 million from the estate of John S. Knight. In preparation for this event, the trustees Knight Foundation has been fortunate to have trustees retained the services of an investment adviser and a custodian who have been vigilant skippers at the institution’s financial helm during the past 50 years. They have skillfully piloted bank, drafted an investment plan and hired several investment management firms. The latter were allocated portions of the the investment program over this period and preserved the Foundation’s assets to be invested primarily in domestic, i n f l a ti on - ad ju s ted purchasing power of the Fo u n d a ti on’s original corpus. They also increased the value of the large-cap equities and fixed-income securities. In the latter half of 1990, the Foundation relocated its Foundation’s assets through prudent investment pra ctices. headquarters from Akron to Miami, where then-chairman Through their guidance, Knight Foundation has been able to make grants benefiting our communities and strengthening James L. Knight and several other trustees had made their home for many years. In anticipation of receiving approxi- the field of journalism totaling $448 million in its first mately $200 million from the estate of Jim Knight following five decades. AS S E T AL L O C AT I O N 1 9 9 9 Real Estate* 5% Domestic Equity 22% Private Securities* 18% International Equity 13% Absolute Return* 22% TIPS 5% Domestic Bonds 15% (Treasury Inflation Protected Securities) * Alternative asset classes. 82 JOHN S. JAMES L. K NIGHT FOUNDATION AND

1999 AUDITOR’S REPORT his death in February 1991, the trustees conducted a compre- Report of Independent Auditors hensive review of the Foundation’s investment plan. That Trustees s pri n g, t h ey made several significant decisions. Principal John S. and James L. Knight Foundation among these was to increase the diversification of the Foundation’s investments and to decrease the concentrated We have audited the accompanying statements of financial posi- position held in founder’s stock. For this purpose, new asset tion of the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation (the Foundation) as classes were ad ded to the portfolio including small-cap equ i ty, of Dec. 31, 1999 and 1998, and the related statements of activities and i n ternational equity, absolute return strategies, private cash flows for the years then ended. These financial statements are the securi ti e s and real estate. responsibility of the Foundation’s management. Our responsibility is to The investment program has continued to evolve since express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. then. The tr ustees, through the diligence of the Finance We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted Committee, meet quarterly to review performance and give auditing standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform strategic direction to the investment program. The Foun- the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial dation’s staff has the authority to manage the portfolio, prin- statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examin- c i p a lly thro u gh the selection and on going eva lu a ti on of ing, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in outside managers and partnership investments as well as the the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the account- coordination of custodian bank, financial advisory and lega l ing principles used and significant estimates made by management, as support servi ces. well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We The Foundation’s asset allocation for its policy portfolio believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. is shown in the adjacent chart. The alternative asset classes are In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present highlighted. Strategically, these investments are considered fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Foundation at the less price-efficient sectors of the market, meaning that Dec. 31, 1999 and 1998, and the results of its activities and its cash asset prices at any particular time may not reflect true value. flows for the years then ended, in conformity with generally accepted This creates opportunity for diligent investment managers to accounting principles. add value. The Foundation spends con s i derable time re s e a rching these asset classes and iden tifying ef fective strategies and managers to execute them. The other asset classes tend to be more price-efficient. Thus, it’s more difficult for active management to add value. For this reason, Knight Feb. 11, 2000 Foundation favors passive, index-based products for investing in these asset classes to achieve low-cost diversification. At the end of 1999 – the close of our first 50 years – the Foundation’s assets totaled $1.889 billion. Much of the value added during the year was generated by the alternative asset class investments in the portfolio. The total return for the portfolio for the year was 36.6 percent, which ranked Knight Foundation among the top institutional investors for the year. As Knight Foundation approaches the $2 billion level, it looks to the new millennium with optimism and wishes to convey its appreciation for the efforts of all who have been involved in its investment program. 83 1 9 9 9 AN N UA L R E P O RT

S TAT E M E N T FINANCIAL POSITION OF Dec. 31 1999 1998 Assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 18,419,601 $ 17,440,951 Interest and dividends receivable 4,987,563 2,794,423 U.S. government and agency obligations 194,576,099 103,057,756 Corporate bonds and other obligations 122,933,068 58,158,119 Common stock of Knight Ridder 101,773,372 107,402,480 Equity securities 948,735,297 691,539,801 Alternative equity investments 395,978,103 173,181,265 Real estate investments 101,140,065 94,286,024 $ 1,888,543,168 $1,247,860,819 Total assets Liabilities and unrestricted net assets Grants payable $ 46,736,319 $ 29,162,157 Other liabilities 2,814,584 1,357,594 Total liabilities 49,550,903 30,519,751 Unrestricted net assets 1,838,992,265 1,217,341,068 $ 1,888,543,168 $1,247,860,819 Total liabilities and unrestricted net assets S TAT E M E N T S ACTIVITIES OF Year ended Dec. 31 1999 1998 Investment activity: Interest $ 18,059,883 $ 15,156,039 Dividends 12,107,748 14,947,782 Net realized gains on sale of investments 243,695,595 102,257,170 Net increases (decreases) in market value 434,329,625 (16,261,077) ( Less: investment expenses (4,135,364) (4,603,054) Total net investment income and gains 704,057,487 111,496,860 Contributions received 309,867 730,875 704,367,354 112,227,735 Total investment activity, gains and other support Grants approved and expenses: Community Initiatives grants 13,502,719 8,674,983 Journalism grants 21,873,920 7,655,000 Arts and Culture grants 14,048,007 11,662,115 Education grants 17,711,553 10,248,200 Disaster Relief grants 100,000 1,972,000 IDEAS Fund 2,045,442 – Special grants 260,000 130,000 Grant forfeitures and other (1,163,029) (999,334) (999,334) Program initiative payments 2,338,321 1,197,200 General and administrative expenses 5,159,642 5,053,278 Federal excise and other taxes 6,839,582 3,578,998 82,716,157 49,172,440 Total grants and expenses 621,651,197 63,055,295 Increase in unrestricted net assets 1,217,341,068 1,154,285,773 Unrestricted net assets at beginning of year $1,838,992,265 $1,217,341,068 Unrestricted net assets at year end See accompanying notes. 84 JOHN S. JAMES L. K NIGHT FOUNDATION AND

S TAT E M E N T S CASH FLOWS OF Year ended Dec. 31 1999 1998 Cash flows from operating activities Change in net assets $ 621,651,197 $ 63,055,295 Adjustments to reconcile change in net assets to net cash used in operating activities: Realized gains on investments (243,695,595) (102,257,170) Net (increases) decreases in market value (434,329,625) 16,261,077 Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Interest and dividends receivable (2,193,140) 1,912,662 Grants payable 17,574,162 (5,299,168) Other liabilities 1,456,990 320,459 (39,536,011) (26,006,845) Net cash used in operating activities Cash flows from investing activities Proceeds from sale of investments 710,581,705 504,765,671 Purchases of investments (670,067,044) (505,306,583) 40,514,661 (540,912) Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities (26,547,757) Net change in cash and cash equivalents 978,650 Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 17,440,951 43,988,708 $ 18,419,601 $ 17,440,951 Cash and cash equivalents at end of year Noncash transactions Common stock of Knight Ridder granted to reduce grants payable $ 10,771,501 $ 8,653,129 See accompanying notes. 85 1 9 9 9 AN N UA L R E P O RT

NOTES F I NA N C I A L S TAT E M E N T S TO 1. The Organization offshore funds, wh i ch have separate arra n gem ents appropri a te to thei r E s t a bl i s h ed in 1950, the John S. and James L. Knight Fo u n d a ti on l egal stru ctu re. The investments of the Fo u n d a ti on are stated at market va lu e . Th e (the Foundation), a non profit corpora ti on , makes nati onal grants in jour- Fo u n d a ti on bel i eves that those inve s tments, liqu i d a ted over a reasonable nalism, edu c a ti on and arts and cultu re. Its fo u rth progra m , com mu n i ty initi a tives, is con cen tra ted in 26 com mu n i ties wh ere the Kn i ght brothers peri od of time, have realizable values. The majori ty of the Fo u n d a ti on’s p u bl i s h ed news p a pers, but the Fo u n d a ti on is wh o lly separate from and a s s ets are invested in stocks, wh i ch are listed on nati onal exchanges or quoted on NASDAQ, Tre a su ry and agency bonds of the U.S. govern m en t indepen dent of those newspapers . and investment grade corpora te bonds for wh i ch active trading markets 2. Significant Accounting Policies exist. Such assets were va lu ed at qu o ted closing pri ces at year en d . Realized gains and losses and increases and dec reases in market va lue on these investments are ref l ected in the Statements of Activities. Grants Approx i m a tely 25 percent and 20 percent of the Fo u n d a ti on assets ’s The Fo u n d a ti on records grants in full as ex penses wh en approved by the tru s tee s . at Dec . 31, 1999 and 1998, re s pectively, were invested with va rious limited p a rtn erships that invest in the sec u ri ties of companies that may not be immed i a tely liqu i d , such as ven ture capital and debt placem ents in priva te Program-Related Investments (PRIs) companies, and in real estate equ i ty limited partn erships that have inve s t- In accord a n ce with Secti on 4944 of the Internal Revenue Code , the Fo u n d a ti onis perm i t ted to make inve s tm ents that are rel a ted to its ph i l a n- ments in va rious types of properties. The va lue of such investments is thropic progra m s . These investm ents are anti c i p a ted to have a retu rn lower determ i n ed by the partn erships’ gen eral partn ers, who must fo llow the va l- uati on guidelines, such as appraisals and com p a ra ble company trade data, than fair market va lu e . In the year of the investment, the Fo u n d a ti on stipulated in the re s pective limited partn ership agreem ents. All limited receives a credit toward its distri buti on requirem ent. Wh en the investm en t is recovered by the Foundation, it is requ i red to recogn i ze a nega tive dis- p a rtn erships are audited annu a lly by indepen dent auditing firms. Pu rsuant tri buti on . Recoveries are ref l ected in “Grant forfei tu res and other ” in the to its limited partn ership agreem ents, the Fo u n d a ti onis committed to con- tri bute approx i m a tely $171 mill i on as of Dec . 31, 1999, in ad d i ti onal capi- Statem ents of Activi ti e s . tal over the next 10 years to va rious partn erships. Unpaid commitm ents at 3. Investments Dec . 31, 1998, were approximately $143 mill i on. The investment goal of the Fo u n d a ti on is to invest its assets in a Some inve s tm ent managers ret a i n ed by the Fo u n d a ti on have been aut h ori zed to use certain financial deriva tive instru m ents in a manner that wi ll ach i eve a total ra te of retu rn su f f i c i en to replace the assets t manner s et forth by ei t h er the Fo u n d a ti on wri t ten inve s tment policy, ’s spent for grants and ex penses and to recoup any va lue lost due to inflati on . specific manager guidelines or partn ers h ip/ fund agreem ent documents. To ach i eve this goa l , s ome investment risk must be taken. To minimize such S pec i f i c a ll , financial deriva tive instru m ents may be used for the fo ll owi n g y risk, the Fo u n d a ti on diversifies its investments among va rious financial p u rposes: (1) currency forward con tracts and opti ons may be used to i n s truments and asset categori e s , and uses mu l tiple inve s tm ent stra tegi e s . h ed ge non do llar ex posure in forei gn investments; (2) covered call opti on s Key dec i s i on in this rega rd are made by the Fo u n d a ti on finance com- s ’s mittee , wh i ch has overs i ght re s ponsibi l i ty for the investment program. Th e may be sold to enhance yi eld on major equ i ty po s i ti on s ; (3) futu res con- com m i t tee iden tifies appropri a te asset categories for inve s tments, deter- tracts may be used to equ i tize excess cash positions, reb a l a n ce asset categories within the portfolio or to ra p i dly increase or dec rease ex po sure to mines the all oc a ti onof a s s ets to each category and approves the investm en t specific investment po s i ti ons in anti c i p a ti on of subsequ ent cash trades s trategies em p l oyed. The Fo u n d a ti on chief financial of f i cer is re s ponsible ’s for the ef fective exec uti on of the investment progra m , including the and; (4) futu res con tracts and opti ons may be used to hed ge or levera ge en ga gem ent of investment managers, c u s to dian banks, financial con su l t- po s i ti on in portfolios managed by hedge fund firm s . Aut h ori z a ti onto use s deriva tives currently is re s tri cted to nine hed ge fund managers , who man- ants and legal advi s ers as requ i red. As general practi ce, except for the age investments totaling approximately $378 million, and one currency Fo u n d a ti on holdings in Kn i ght Ri d der com m on stock , o t h er stock dis- ’s tri buted by its limited partn erships investments, and Tre a su ry Inflati on overl ay manager (see next para gra ph). The Fo u n d a ti on chief financial ’s Pro tected Sec u ri ties (TIPS), a ll financial assets of the Fo u n d a ti onare man- of f i cer also is aut h orized to use deriva tives to exec ute certain investm en t s trategi e s . Financial deriva tive instruments are recorded at market va lue in a ged by ex ternal inve s tm ent managem ent firms sel ected by the the Statements of Financial Position with ch a n ges in market va lue ref l ected Foundation. All financial assets of the Fo u n d a ti onare held in custody by a major com m ercial bank, except for assets invested with partn erships and in the Statem ents of Activi ti e s . A detail of market value and cost by investment class follows: Dec. 31, 1999 Dec. 31, 1998 Market Market Value Cost Value Cost $ 18,419,601 $ 18,419,601 Cash and cash equivalents $ 17,440,951 $ 17,440,951 4,987,563 4,987,563 Interest and dividends receivable 2,794,423 2,794,423 194,576,099 203,690,724 U.S. government and agency obligations 103,057,756 96,524,407 122,933,068 124,938,004 Corporate bonds and other obligations 58,158,119 56,716,712 101,773,372 47,285,671 Common stock of Knight Ridder 107,402,480 57,531,171 948,735,297 554,081,505 Equity securities 691,539,801 602,059,866 395,978,103 225,285,806 Alternative equity investments 173,181,265 148,836,712 101,140,065 90,912,303 Real estate investments 94,286,024 81,898,207 $1,888,543,168 $1,269,601,177 Total $1,247,860,819 $1,063,802,449 Highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less are reported as cash equivalents. 86 JOHN S. JAMES L. K NIGHT FOUNDATION AND

NOTES F I N A N C I A L S TAT E M E N T S TO At Dec . 31, 1999, the Foundation’s currency overl ay manager had Year en ded Dec. 31 com bi n ed buy and sell po s i ti ons in currency forward con tracts va lu ed at 1999 1998 approximately $64 mill i on with four correspon dent banks, wh i ch on a net Benefit cost recogn i zed as ex pense $3 68,739 $169,370 basis, represen ted a hed ge of approximately $28 mill i on against the E m p l oyer con tri buti on s – – Fo u n d a ti on forei gn equ i ty portfolio va lu ed at approximately $192 mill i on. ’s E m p l oyee con tri buti on s – – All currency forw a rd con tracts are sch edu l ed to expire by Ma rch 2000. Benefits paid $121,663 $ 80,551 In the op i n i on of the Fo u n d a ti on managem ent, the use of ’s financial deriva tive instru m ents in its inve s tm ent program is appropri a te Ac t u a rial assu m pti ons and custom a ry for the investment stra tegies em p l oyed. Using those Di s count ra te 8.0% 7.5% i n s truments reduces certain investment risks and gen era lly adds va lue to Ex pected retu rn on plan asset s 8.0 7.5 the portfo l i o. The instru m ents them s elves, however, do invo lve some Ra te of com pen s a ti on increase 5.0 5.0 inve s tment and counterp a rty risk not fully ref l ected in the Fo u n d a ti on ’s financial statements. Ma n a gement does not anti c i p a te that losses, if any, The Fo u n d a ti on also spon s ors a def i n ed con tri buti on plan for its from such instru m ents would materi a lly affect the financial po s i ti on of el i gi ble employees for wh i ch it has no fixed liabilities. The Fo u n d a ti onmade the Fo u n d a ti on. d i s c reti on a ry con tributi ons to the def i n ed con tributi on plan of $120,658 At Dec. 31, 1999 and 1998, the Fo u n d a ti on held 1,708,682 and and $112,764 du ring 1999 and 1998, re s pectively. 2,100,782 share s , re s pectively, of Kn i ght Ri d der com m on stock wh i ch represented 5 percent and 9 percent of the Fo u n d a ti on assets, re s pectively. ’s 7. Le a s e s Du ring 1999, the Fo u n d a ti on reduced its Kn i ght Ri d der holdings by The Fo u n d a ti on leases approximately 12,000 squ a re feet of of f i ce 392,100 shares by sale and gift. Divestitures in 1998 totaled 862,200 shares. s p ace in Miami, Fla. Provi ded that the lease is in full force at the end of the lease term, wh i ch expires in 2000, the Fo u n d a ti onhas the opti on to ex tend 4. Federal Excise Taxes the term of the lease for an additi onal five ye a rs at the prevailing rental The Fo u n d a ti on qualifies as a tax-exem pt or ga n i z a ti on under ra tes at that time. Rental ex penses for 1999 and 1998 were $350,164 and Secti on 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code and, with the excepti on of $349,892, respectively. Future minimum lease paym ents under this lease unrel a ted business income from debt - f i n a n ced, p a s s ive investments, is not amount to $271,985 du ring 2000. su bj ect to federal income tax. However, the Fo u n d a ti on is cl a s s i f i ed as a priva te fo u n d a ti on and is su bj ect to a federal excise tax of 2 percent (or 1 8. Subsequent Event percent under certain circumstances) on investment income and realized Effective Jan. 1, 2000, the Fo u n d a ti on adopted a cash balance pen- gains, less inve s tm ent expen s e s . Cu rrent year estimated paym ents approx- sion plan. The pension ben efits for all employees hired pri or to Jan. 1, 2000 imate estimated liabi l i ties for the year ended Dec . 31, 1999. wi ll be the greater of the ben efits as determ i n ed under the def i n ed ben efit Total excise and other taxes paid by the Foundation for the ye a rs pension plan or the cash balance pension plan. The pension ben efits for all en ded Dec. 31, 1999 and 1998 amounted to approximately $6,500,000 and employees hired su b s equ ent to Jan. 1, 2000 wi ll be determined under the $3,600,000, re s pectively. cash balance pension plan. 5. Grant Commitments 9. Impact of Year 2000–Unaudited The Fo u n d a ti on made grant paym ents of $53,142,772 and The Year 2000 issue is the result of com p uter programs being wri t- $45,696,701 in 1999 and 1998, re s pectively. ten using two digits ra t h er than four to define the applicable year. Any As of Dec . 31, 1999, the Fo u n d a ti onhad futu re grant com m i tm ents com p uter programs that have time-sen s i tive sof t w a remay recogn i ze a date wh i ch are sch edu l ed for paym ent in futu re years as fo ll ows: using “00” as the year 1900 rather than the year 2000. This could result in a sys tem failure or miscalculati ons causing disru pti ons of opera tions, 2000 $24,039,395 inclu d i n g, among other things , a tem porary inabi l i ty of an affected or ga n- 2001 14,905,460 i z a ti on to con du ct normal business activi ti e s . 2002 6,243,464 On Jan. 1, 2000, a ll vital cri tical sys tems were determ i n ed to be 2003 1,248,000 u n a f fected by the ch a n ge and the Fo u n d a ti on con ti nu ed to opera te 2004 300,000 wi t h o ut disru pti on . Ma n a gem ent con t acted significant investm ent man- Total $46,736,319 a gers and was inform ed that no disru pti on occurred because of the change. Ma n a gement ex pects that there wi ll be no Year 2000 rel a ted 6. Employee Retirement Plans i s sues in the futu re. The Fo u n d a ti on spon s ors a def i n ed ben efit pension plan for its el i gi ble em p l oyees. The fo ll owing table sets forth the plan’s funded status and amounts recogn i zed in the Fo u n d a ti on Statem ents of Financial Po s i ti on : ’s Year en ded Dec. 31 1999 1998 Fair va lue of plan asset s $3 , 9 1 9 ,766 $3,097,857 Benefit obl i ga ti on (3,477,113) (2,528,994) Fu n ded status of the plan $ 442,653 $ 568,863 Accrued benefit cost recognized in the Statem ents of Financial Po s i ti on $ (702,549) $ (333,810) 87 1 9 9 9 AN N UA L R E P O RT

1999 P CREDITS RODUCTION Text: John S. Knight Archives, University of Akron (Kennedy), page 40 John S. and James L. Knight Foundation Harvey Bilt for Knight Foundation (Cochran), page 40 Design: Courtesy of Radio and Television News Directors Foundation, page 40 Jacques Auger Design Associates Inc., Miami Beach, Fla. Matt May for Knight Foundation, page 41 Photo archiving: Thomson Photo Imaging, Miami, Fla. Courtesy of Teachers College, Columbia University, page 42 Printing: Courtesy of Educational Development Center, page 43 Southeastern Printing, Stuart, Fla. Knight Foundation archives, page 44 Photography: Cover: John S. Knight, courtesy of the John S. Knight Archives, Courtesy of Temple University, page 45 University of Akron Photo by Charles Harrington, Cornell University Photography, page 46 James L. Knight, from Knight Foundation archives, photo by Tony Spina, Detroit Free Press Knight Foundation archives, page 48 Andrew Itkoff for Knight Foundation, pages 2-3-4 Harvey Bilt for Knight Foundation (Prince/Conway), page 48 Courtesy of Lucimarian Tolliver Roberts (graduate), page 6 Courtesy of College Summit, page 49 Courtesy of Coast Magazine (Roberts family), page 6 Text courtesy of Policy Studies Associates, Inc., page 49 Knight Foundation archives (young Simonetti), page 7 Knight Foundation archives, pages 50-51 Bruce Zake for Knight Foundation (Simonetti), page 7 Eileen Escarda for Knight Foundation, page 52 History timeline photos courtesy of the John S. Knight Archives at the Knight Foundation archives (Musical U.), page 54 University of Akron, the collections of Barbara Knight Toomey, Courtesy Williams College of Art (The Hampton Project), page 54 Marjorie Knight Crane, Beverly Knight Olson and Knight Foundation archives, pages 11-18 Courtesy of New York City Ballet, page 55 Copyright © 1996 by The New York Times Company. Reprinted Lise Metzger for Knight Foundation, page 56 with permission, page 20 Knight Foundation archives (bakery), page 58 Rod Reilly for Knight Foundation, page 24 Courtesy of Miami City Ballet, page 59 Knight Foundation archives, page 26 Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration, page 59 Keith Jacobs for Knight Foundation, page 26 Andrew Itkoff for Knight Foundation, pages 60-63 Courtesy of NewTown Macon, page 27 Smithsonian Institute, page 65 Eileen Escarda for Knight Foundation, page 28-29 Back cover: John S. Knight Archives, University of Akron Knight Foundation archives (hurricane), page 30 The name “Ma gic of Music” is used (pages 17, 20, 54, 59, 66, and 72) Robert Seay for Knight Foundation (Tubman), page 30 with the permission of the Magic of Music Inc., which creates special moments through music for thousands of criti c a lly/term i n a lly ill Courtesy of the Grand Forks Herald, page 31 and handicapped ch i l d ren and adults thro u gh o ut the United States. Thomson Photo Imaging, page 32 We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of John V. Miller and staff at the Univers i ty of Akron for help in researching the John S. Knight Archives. John S. Knight Archives, University of Akron (newsboys), page 36 Courtesy of the Aspen Institute (panel), page 36 Courtesy of the World Press Institute, page 36 Courtesy of the Institutes for Journalism & Natural Resources, page 36 Harvey Bilt for Knight Foundation (Jinks), page 38 Knight Foundation archives, pages 38-39 88 JOHN S. JAMES L. K NIGHT FOUNDATION AND

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1999 KF Annual Report

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