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The sociological value of transactional data? Dr Arnaldo Barreto Dr Ben Anderson
Contents ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What do we mean? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Where does (some of) it go? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Dissagregation and identification is the point!
Why does it matter? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
A 21 st  Century Sociology? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Contents ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Case studies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ethics/Law and Data BT 100,000 data BT/Essex Home OnLine Panel Data Brazil Internet Data Consent to collect? As part of commercial service provision – monitoring/research? Yes (but not the third party!) As part of commercial service provision – monitoring/research? Consent to link? Consent for future research? And by whom? Risk of ‘disclosure’
Ethics/Law and Data BT 100,000 data BT/Essex Home OnLine Panel Data Brazil Internet Data Consent to collect? As part of commercial service provision – monitoring/research? Yes (but not the third party!) As part of commercial service provision – monitoring/research? Consent to link? As above (to customer data – postcode, billing flags etc) but no ‘sensitive personal data’ Yes (to survey data) – contains ‘sensitive personal data’ N/A Consent for future research? And by whom? Risk of ‘disclosure’
Ethics/Law and Data BT 100,000 data BT/Essex Home OnLine Panel Data Brazil Internet Data Consent to collect? As part of commercial service provision – monitoring/research? Yes (but not the third party!) As part of commercial service provision – monitoring/research? Consent to link? As above (to customer data – postcode, billing flags etc) but no ‘sensitive personal data’ Yes (to survey data) – contains ‘sensitive personal data’ N/A Consent for future research? And by whom? ? Yes ? Risk of ‘disclosure’
Ethics/Law and Data But big effort for what return? BT 100,000 data BT/Essex Home OnLine Panel Data Brazil Internet Data Consent to collect? As part of commercial service provision – monitoring/research? Yes (but not the third party!) As part of commercial service provision – monitoring/research? Consent to link? As above (to customer data – postcode, billing flags etc) but no ‘sensitive personal data’ Yes (to survey data) – contains ‘sensitive personal data’ N/A Consent for future research? And by whom? ? Yes ? Risk of ‘disclosure’ Medium  – in principle could locate postcode and ‘ask around’ but it’s 10 years old and no ‘sensitive personal data’ Medium  – could search on phone number & locate using date of birth/household characteristics? -> security applied Low  –  in principle  could link to specific PC in organisation and so to a user but requires internal organisation data
Contents ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],Analysing social communication ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Analysing social communication ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Analysing social resources ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],Analysing social resources ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],But there are data problems... Call type % of calls Local 77.8 National 8.4 Regional 4.9 Mobiles? 2.9 International 1.0
Analysing temporal communication ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Analysing temporal communication ,[object Object],[object Object],But this is still aggregated data! ,[object Object]
[object Object],Analysing temporal communication ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],Analysing temporal communication ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],Analysing temporal communication ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],Analysing temporal communication ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Visualising social interactions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What else could we ask? ,[object Object]
What else could we ask? ,[object Object]
What else could we ask? ,[object Object],[object Object],Household transitions?
Contents ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Why discuss Internet use?  Source: comScore World Metrix 2007   Country Internet Penetration Monthly Unique Users ('000) Average Daily Users ('000) Average Usage Days per User per Month Average Monthly hours per User Average Monthly Pages per User Austria 53% 3,721 1,485 12 16.3 1,906 Belgium 54% 4,728 2,447 15.5 20.6 2,399 Denmark 68% 3,045 1,493 14.7 22 3,058 Finland 65% 2,818 1,544 16.4 29.7 3,749 France 51% 25,388 14,531 17.2 26.1 2,768 Germany 46% 32,578 18,359 16.9 22.6 2,807 Ireland 42% 1,365 591 13 18.9 1,871 Italy 36% 18,086 7,783 12.9 17.7 1,862 Netherlands 83% 11,292 7,35 19.5 27 3,131 Norway 70% 2,62 1,288 14.7 27.4 3,08 Portugal 44% 3,882 1,731 13.4 23.3 2,454 Russia 11% 13,255 5,048 11.4 13.3 1,695 Spain 39% 13,628 8,828 19.4 30.6 2,675 Sweden 70% 5,259 2,895 16.5 31.7 4,019 Switzerland 58% 3,666 1,846 15.1 22.7 2,676 UK 62% 31,15 21,767 21 34.4 3,44 Europe* 40% 221,463 121,774 16.5 24.1 2,662 US* 66% 156,697 114,472 21.9 31.4 2,826
[object Object],[object Object],Internet numbers
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Internet numbers
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Internet numbers ,[object Object],[object Object]
But what are people doing online!? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Some problems with questionnaires ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Automatic Collection with consent ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Prison building at Presidio Modelo, Isla De la Juventud, Cuba (2005)  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Presidio-modelo2.JPG
For example ,[object Object],Top 10 Global Web Parent Companies, Home & Work December 2009 Source: Nielsen NetView RANK PARENT UNIQUE AUDIENCE (000) ACTIVE REACH % TIME PER PERSON (HH:MM:SS) 1 GOOGLE 353,851 83.91 2:38:50 2 MICROSOFT 315,490 74.81 3:01:38 3 YAHOO! 228,711 54.23 2:12:36 4 FACEBOOK 206,878 49.06 5:57:17 5 EBAY 163,844 38.85 1:41:31 6 WIKIMEDIA FOUNDATION 141,239 33.49 0:16:01 7 AMAZON 137,364 32.57 0:32:11 8 AOL LLC 129,360 30.67 2:21:03 9 NEWS CORP. ONLINE 120,316 28.53 0:59:17 10 INTERACTIVECORP 115,131 27.30 0:11:36
Automatic Collection without Consent (Internet Provider mode) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Home/Workplace router Internet Service Provider (ISP) router Internet email / web server etc Internet email / web server etc Internet email / web server etc Browser log Router log ISP user log Web server log
‘ Better’ Social Science? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Behaviour Technology
Just one example in Brazil...  Research about e-Gov with ISP authorization
Just one example in Brazil...  Research about e-Gov with ISP authorization
Facts: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What is the real contribution of this? ,[object Object],Data Triangulation Observational and qualitative methods Survey methods Tracking, tracing and logging methods
Thank you ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Arnaldo Barreto & Ben Anderson - The sociological value of transactional data?

  • 1. The sociological value of transactional data? Dr Arnaldo Barreto Dr Ben Anderson
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  • 9. Ethics/Law and Data BT 100,000 data BT/Essex Home OnLine Panel Data Brazil Internet Data Consent to collect? As part of commercial service provision – monitoring/research? Yes (but not the third party!) As part of commercial service provision – monitoring/research? Consent to link? Consent for future research? And by whom? Risk of ‘disclosure’
  • 10. Ethics/Law and Data BT 100,000 data BT/Essex Home OnLine Panel Data Brazil Internet Data Consent to collect? As part of commercial service provision – monitoring/research? Yes (but not the third party!) As part of commercial service provision – monitoring/research? Consent to link? As above (to customer data – postcode, billing flags etc) but no ‘sensitive personal data’ Yes (to survey data) – contains ‘sensitive personal data’ N/A Consent for future research? And by whom? Risk of ‘disclosure’
  • 11. Ethics/Law and Data BT 100,000 data BT/Essex Home OnLine Panel Data Brazil Internet Data Consent to collect? As part of commercial service provision – monitoring/research? Yes (but not the third party!) As part of commercial service provision – monitoring/research? Consent to link? As above (to customer data – postcode, billing flags etc) but no ‘sensitive personal data’ Yes (to survey data) – contains ‘sensitive personal data’ N/A Consent for future research? And by whom? ? Yes ? Risk of ‘disclosure’
  • 12. Ethics/Law and Data But big effort for what return? BT 100,000 data BT/Essex Home OnLine Panel Data Brazil Internet Data Consent to collect? As part of commercial service provision – monitoring/research? Yes (but not the third party!) As part of commercial service provision – monitoring/research? Consent to link? As above (to customer data – postcode, billing flags etc) but no ‘sensitive personal data’ Yes (to survey data) – contains ‘sensitive personal data’ N/A Consent for future research? And by whom? ? Yes ? Risk of ‘disclosure’ Medium – in principle could locate postcode and ‘ask around’ but it’s 10 years old and no ‘sensitive personal data’ Medium – could search on phone number & locate using date of birth/household characteristics? -> security applied Low – in principle could link to specific PC in organisation and so to a user but requires internal organisation data
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  • 29. Why discuss Internet use? Source: comScore World Metrix 2007 Country Internet Penetration Monthly Unique Users ('000) Average Daily Users ('000) Average Usage Days per User per Month Average Monthly hours per User Average Monthly Pages per User Austria 53% 3,721 1,485 12 16.3 1,906 Belgium 54% 4,728 2,447 15.5 20.6 2,399 Denmark 68% 3,045 1,493 14.7 22 3,058 Finland 65% 2,818 1,544 16.4 29.7 3,749 France 51% 25,388 14,531 17.2 26.1 2,768 Germany 46% 32,578 18,359 16.9 22.6 2,807 Ireland 42% 1,365 591 13 18.9 1,871 Italy 36% 18,086 7,783 12.9 17.7 1,862 Netherlands 83% 11,292 7,35 19.5 27 3,131 Norway 70% 2,62 1,288 14.7 27.4 3,08 Portugal 44% 3,882 1,731 13.4 23.3 2,454 Russia 11% 13,255 5,048 11.4 13.3 1,695 Spain 39% 13,628 8,828 19.4 30.6 2,675 Sweden 70% 5,259 2,895 16.5 31.7 4,019 Switzerland 58% 3,666 1,846 15.1 22.7 2,676 UK 62% 31,15 21,767 21 34.4 3,44 Europe* 40% 221,463 121,774 16.5 24.1 2,662 US* 66% 156,697 114,472 21.9 31.4 2,826
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  • 39. Just one example in Brazil... Research about e-Gov with ISP authorization
  • 40. Just one example in Brazil... Research about e-Gov with ISP authorization
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Editor's Notes

  1. Industrial not as in the study of industry but as an industry in itself. Knowing Capitalism
  2. To introduce the data…
  3. i.e. why would anyone bother trying to identify people? Lots of effort for what return?
  4. We only have between 5% and 25% of households in each LSOA And the calls include those made to businesses etc etc (need to remove hubs) Eagle, Claxton et al -> similar work using UK call records from 2005, submitted to Science(?)
  5. Panel households knowing each other is not surprising – clustered sample so neighbours. Also discovered people apparently calling themselves = the way particular calling packages were billed (e.g. call-cards for children/students to call home free – goes on home bill)!
  6. Matched to some extent by the time-use data form the time-use survey on same sample
  7. Longitudinal social network analysis…
  8. Contributes to triangulation – greater ‘transparency’ – no lies, no forgetfulness, no social construction EXCEPT in the coding/inerpretation of the data during analysis (“are they doing what we think they are doing?”) sociology, anthropology, administration, public policies, psychology, economics, public health... Maybe the most real picture of 21 st Century society?