This presentation talks about National GeoSpatial Technology Development System in developing countries. This presentation highly stress the importance of open source GIS as a viable option to achieve and overtake technology development in developing countries. Korean cases is also covered here. This presentation was given to foreign delegates who visited Korea to attend NSDI planning training course organized by KRIHS(Korean Research Institute of Human Settlement)

1. Na#onal
GeoSpa#al
Technology
Development
System
0925_NDSL_01
15th,
Oct
2012.
Sanghee
SHIN(shshin@gaia3d.com)

2. Na#onal
GeoSpa#al
Technology
Development
System
-­‐ Sanghee
SHIN(shshin@gaia3d.com)
Contents
South
Korea
became
an
aging
society
in
2000
1. Concepts
§
It
is
expected
to
become
an
aged
society
in
2018
§
It
is
expected
to
become
an
Cged
society
iCircumstances
2. Understanding
of
aurrent
R&D
n
2018
3. Technology
Development
Models
NSDI
4. Korean
Cases
0925_NDSL_01
5. Market
SituaLons
6. Open
Source
GIS
7. Strategies
and
RecommendaLons
8. Conclusions
N
S
D
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3. Na#onal
GeoSpa#al
Technology
Development
System
-­‐ Sanghee
SHIN(shshin@gaia3d.com)
1.
Concepts
South
Korea
became
an
aging
society
in
2000
“
§
It
is
expected
to
become
an
aged
society
in
2018
§
It
is
expected
to
become
an
aged
society
in
2018
Increasing
the
fluidity
of
GeoSpa#al
technolo
0925_NDSL_01
gy
and
informa#on
flows
among
people,
ente
rprises
and
ins#tu#ons.
”
è To enhance innovative performance and overall competi
tiveness.
N
S
D
I

4. Na#onal
GeoSpa#al
Technology
Development
System
-­‐ Sanghee
SHIN(shshin@gaia3d.com)
2.
Understanding
of
Current
R&D
Circumstances
§
TradiLonal
Approach
South
Korea
became
an
aging
society
in
2000
§
It
is
expected
to
become
an
aged
society
in
2018
§
It
is
eInputs become
an
aged
society
in
2018
xpected
to
Outputs
- R&D Fund 0925_NDSL_01
R&D Process - Patents
- Human
- Publications
Resources
è ‘Linear Model of Innovation’ that more focus on Inputs
& Outputs.
N
S
D
I

5. Na#onal
GeoSpa#al
Technology
Development
System
-­‐ Sanghee
SHIN(shshin@gaia3d.com)
2.
Understanding
of
Current
R&D
Circumstances
§
TradiLonal
Linear
Approach
South
Korea
became
an
aging
society
in
2000
§
It
is
expected
to
become
an
aged
society
in
2018
Linear is
expected
to
become
an
aged
society
in
2018
§
It
Basic Explore Idea
Design,
Develop, Producing Marketing
Model Research New Ideas Evaluation
Test
0925_NDSL_01
High Cost Uncertainty
R&D
Characteristics
High Risk
N
S
D
I

6. Na#onal
GeoSpa#al
Technology
Development
System
-­‐ Sanghee
SHIN(shshin@gaia3d.com)
2.
Understanding
of
Current
R&D
Circumstances
§
Low
R&D
Success
Rate
South
Korea
became
an
aging
society
in
2000
§
It
is
expected
to
become
an
aged
society
in
2018
100%
Total R&D Investment
§
It
is
expected
to
become
an
aged
society
in
2018
0925_NDSL_01
Failed R&D 60% Commercialized R&D 40%
§ Only 40% of R&D Projects is commercialized in spite of high
R&D investment
§ In total only 24% of R&D Projects make a penny
Non-Profitable Profitable
§ R&D success rate has continuously been lowered down due to 40% 60%
shortened life cycle of products & technology

7. Na#onal
GeoSpa#al
Technology
Development
System
-­‐ Sanghee
SHIN(shshin@gaia3d.com)
2.
Understanding
of
Current
R&D
Circumstances
§
R&D
Cost
Curve
R&D Valley of Death Sea of Darwin
0925_NDSL_01
• Source : Osawa and Miyazaki, 2006

8. Na#onal
GeoSpa#al
Technology
Development
System
-­‐ Sanghee
SHIN(shshin@gaia3d.com)
2.
Understanding
of
Current
R&D
Circumstances
§
Changes
on
R&D
Model
South
Korea
became
an
aging
society
in
2000
§
It
is
expected
to
become
an
aged
society
in
2018
Universities
§
It
is
expected
to
become
an
aged
society
in
2018
0925_NDSL_01
R&D
Process
National
Enterprises R&D
Center
è Interactions among actors involved in technology devel
opment are as important as investments in R&D
N
S
D
I

9. Na#onal
GeoSpa#al
Technology
Development
System
-­‐ Sanghee
SHIN(shshin@gaia3d.com)
2.
Understanding
of
Current
R&D
Circumstances
§
Changes
on
R&D
Model
Research Development Business
From traditional R&D model
0925_NDSL_01
To D&B Model
Research
Development Business
Connect
N
S
D
I

10. Na#onal
GeoSpa#al
Technology
Development
System
-­‐ Sanghee
SHIN(shshin@gaia3d.com)
3.
Technology
Development
Models
§
Closed
Models
Inside R&D Ecosystem
Technology
Innovation
0925_NDSL_01
New
Increased
Technology
R&D
New
Investment
Product
Revenue &
Profit
Increase
• Source : Henry Chesbrough, 2003
N
S
D
I

11. Na#onal
GeoSpa#al
Technology
Development
System
-­‐ Sanghee
SHIN(shshin@gaia3d.com)
3.
Technology
Development
Models
§
Closed
Models
Closed § Designed and developed by nation
inside
§ Leverage inside knowledge,
intellectual property, experiences
In-House
0925_NDSL_01knowledge,
Development § Idling limitations of
leveraging outside knowledge
Leverage own knowledge
è What if we don’t have enough resources, knowledge, an
d experiences to do own closed innovation?
N
S
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12. Na#onal
GeoSpa#al
Technology
Development
System
-­‐ Sanghee
SHIN(shshin@gaia3d.com)
3.
Technology
Development
Models
§
Open
Models
0925_NDSL_01
1 End of Knowledge Monopoly Era
2 Mobility of Skilled Person & Technology
3 Increased R&D Cost and Shortened Life Cycle

13. Na#onal
GeoSpa#al
Technology
Development
System
-­‐ Sanghee
SHIN(shshin@gaia3d.com)
3.
Technology
Development
Models
§
Open
Models
Internal
Resources
Quick &
0925_NDSL_01 Efficient
Development
External
Resources
è Leverage smart people inside & outside of the nation!

14. Na#onal
GeoSpa#al
Technology
Development
System
-­‐ Sanghee
SHIN(shshin@gaia3d.com)
3.
Technology
Development
Models
§
Open
Models
Open § Designed and developed with
other outside partners
§ Inside knowledge + outside
knowledge
Collaborative
0925_NDSL_01 reduction,
Development § Cost increase
innovation capabilities, shortened
response time to market change
Leverage others knowledge too
è Still need human resources or capabilities to coordinate
inside & outside knowledge

15. Na#onal
GeoSpa#al
Technology
Development
System
-­‐ Sanghee
SHIN(shshin@gaia3d.com)
4.
Korean
Cases
§
R&D
Investment
by
NGIS
Plan
In Million KRW
45,000
40,000
35,000
30,000
1st NGIS : 18.5M US$
25,000
0925_NDSL_01 2nd NGIS : 20.0M US$
20,000
15,000
3rd NGIS : 144.7M US$
10,000
Total 183.2M US$
5,000
0
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
è Vision : Development of world class GeoSpatial techno
logy and new growth engine
N
S
D
I

16. Na#onal
GeoSpa#al
Technology
Development
System
-­‐ Sanghee
SHIN(shshin@gaia3d.com)
4.
Korean
Cases
§
Goal
of
Technology
Development
at
each
NGIS
Phase
0925_NDSL_01
Phase I Phase II Phase III
- Mapping Technology - 3D GIS - Intelligent Land
- DBMS Technology - High Resolution Information SW
- General GIS SW Remote Sensing SW - Ubiquitous GIS
N
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D
I

17. Na#onal
GeoSpa#al
Technology
Development
System
-­‐ Sanghee
SHIN(shshin@gaia3d.com)
4.
Korean
Cases
§
Projects
&
Outcomes
of
Technology
Development
at
NGIS
Phase
I
Institution in
Title Period
Charge
1. DBMS Independent GIS Basic S/W
- GIS API Development
- GIS Analysis S/W Development
- GIS Operation S/W Development
- GIS User Interface Technology Development
2. Mapping Technology Development 0925_NDSL_01
- Data acquisition and modification S/W development
- Data processing and three-dimensional topographic S/W development
- Map printing and map design automation S/W development
1995 Ministry of
3. DB Tool ~ Science and
- Spatial object management system development 1999 Technology
- Spatial object storage system development
- RDBMS Interface development
- OODBMS Interface development
4. GIS System Integration
- System integration development
- GIS advanced technology monitoring and spread
- Public facility management GIS application software development
- GIS data editing and integrated management technology development
- Internet environment three-dimensional spatial analysis S/W development
N
S
D
I

18. Na#onal
GeoSpa#al
Technology
Development
System
-­‐ Sanghee
SHIN(shshin@gaia3d.com)
4.
Korean
Cases
§
Projects
&
Outcomes
of
Technology
Development
at
NGIS
Phase
II
Institution in
Title Period
Charge
1999~
1. Open GIS component technology development 2001
0925_NDSL_01
2. 3-dimensional GIS S/W technology development
2000~
2002
Ministry of
Information
2001~
3. High-precision satellite image processing technology development 2003
and
Telecommunic
ation
2001~
4. Spatial information(4S)-connected technology support business 2003
2004~
5. Multi-sensor spatial image information integration technology development 2006
N
S
D
I

19. Na#onal
GeoSpa#al
Technology
Development
System
-­‐ Sanghee
SHIN(shshin@gaia3d.com)
4.
Korean
Cases
§
Projects
&
Outcomes
of
Technology
Development
at
NGIS
Phase
III
Institution in
Title Period
Charge
1. Spatial information infrastructure innovation
2. Real-time territory monitoring 0925_NDSL_01
Ministry of
2006
Land, Transpo
~
3. Establishment of intelligent urban space information infrastructure 2010
rtation and Ma
ritime Affairs
4. Realization of safe and convenient construction space
5. Induction of u-GIS standard and technology
N
S
D
I

20. Na#onal
GeoSpa#al
Technology
Development
System
-­‐ Sanghee
SHIN(shshin@gaia3d.com)
4.
Korean
Cases
§
Applied
Strategies
to
Develop
GeoSpaLal
Technology
1. Utilizing Foreign Technology : ESRI, Intergraph, Etc.
GeoSpatial 0925_NDSL_01
Technology 2. Develop Own Technology : Mapping, DBMS, Etc
Development
3. Mid Entry Strategy : Purchasing GOTHIC SW
è Still around 70% of Korean GIS market is dominated b
y foreign technologies such as ESRI, Intergraph
N
S
D
I

21. Na#onal
GeoSpa#al
Technology
Development
System
-­‐ Sanghee
SHIN(shshin@gaia3d.com)
4.
Korean
Cases
§
Ideal
&
Planned
GeoSpaLal
Technology
Development
System
in
Korea
Government
RoyalLes Research
Fund
0925_NDSL_01
Company
Research
Inst.
University
Revenue
&
Profits Products
&
Tech
Selling
Market
&
Customers
• Source
:
Byungnam
Choe,
2011
N
S
D
I

22. Na#onal
GeoSpa#al
Technology
Development
System
-­‐ Sanghee
SHIN(shshin@gaia3d.com)
4.
Korean
Cases
§
Reality
of
Current
GeoSpaLal
Technology
Development
System
in
Korea
Government
X
Lack of flow
0925_NDSL_01
X
Lack of flow
Research University Company Short-term based
Institute
No update & further development after R&D
Hard to find outcomes of R&D
GeoSpatial Market – How to respond to the Market?
• Source
:
Byungnam
Choe,
2011
N
S
D
I

23. Na#onal
GeoSpa#al
Technology
Development
System
-­‐ Sanghee
SHIN(shshin@gaia3d.com)
4.
Korean
Cases
§
ImplicaLons
of
Korean
GeoSpaLal
Technology
Development
System
Implications
1
Closed R&D System
- Try to develop almost all the technologies by Need to leverage outside technology and reso
itself. urces to respond to fast changing market circ
umstances.
2
University & Research Inst. Centric 0925_NDSL_01
- Heavily rely on traditional linear downstream Need to engage more enterprises’ request an
R&D model. d enterprise itself in development system.
3
Ambiguous R&D Goal Need to address R&D and D&B separately. R
- Not clear whether it is R&D or D&B. Need to &D for basic research and D&B for commerci
set clear goal. alization.
4
Need to set up platform to increase the flow of
Hard to Reuse R&D Outcomes
knowledge and dissemination of technology
- After R&D project period, finding & reusing R
during & after R&D.
&D outcomes is difficult.
• Source
:
Byungnam
Choe,
2011
N
S
D
I

24. Na#onal
GeoSpa#al
Technology
Development
System
-­‐ Sanghee
SHIN(shshin@gaia3d.com)
5.
Market
Situa#ons
§
Current
Market
SituaLons
South
Korea
became
an
aging
society
in
2Sweden
§ 2.2B US$ revenue(2010) company in 000
§ Merged ERDAS(ER-Mapper included), Intergraph, Leica Geosystems, GeoMax
§
It
is
expected
to
bpowerful an
aged
society
iESRI
§ Most ecome
competitor against n
2018
§
It
is
expected
to
become
an
aged
society
in
2018
§ Recorded 0.8B US$ revenue(2010)
§ Around 40% of GIS SW market share. Unofficially affected around 70% market directly
0925_NDSL_01
and indirectly(Wikipedia)
§ 350,000 customers, world wide dealer network around 80 countries, 2,200 partners
§ Autodesk and Bentley changed its target market from general GIS SW to domain spec
ific niche market
§ Autodesk, Bentley focus more on CAD, Utility, Engineering, Infrastructure market
§ Boom-up of Open Source GIS
§ Advent of commercial open source GIS companies like OpenGeo, Simple Geo
§ Active adoptions in North America, EU and UN
§ OSGeo foster and promote open source GIS world widely
N
S
D
I

25. Na#onal
GeoSpa#al
Technology
Development
System
-­‐ Sanghee
SHIN(shshin@gaia3d.com)
5.
Market
Situa#ons
§ Market
Growth
Trends(Past)
0925_NDSL_01
N
S
D
I

26. Na#onal
GeoSpa#al
Technology
Development
System
-­‐ Sanghee
SHIN(shshin@gaia3d.com)
5.
Market
Situa#ons
§
Market
Growth
Trends(Future)
0925_NDSL_01
§ CAGR(Cumulative Annual Growth Rate) of next 5 years from 2010 will be 10.5%
§ Government, Public, and Utility sector will drive growth. Smart Grid, Insurance, Real Estate, Retail will be
new emerging market
§ India, China and Brazil will be the power train of market growth
N
S
D
I

27. Na#onal
GeoSpa#al
Technology
Development
System
-­‐ Sanghee
SHIN(shshin@gaia3d.com)
6.
Open
Source
GIS
§
Understanding
the
CharacterisLcs
of
GIS
§ GIS = Vertical Set of Many Software
• Interoperability is very crucial among components
• Linux, Apache, PHP are Horizontal based Software
• GIS is Vertical Architecture based one from DB to web client
0925_NDSL_01
§ GIS as Public Infrastructure = Spatial Data Infrastructure
• Vendor neutral, standard based architecture is very important
• Active standardization by ISO, OGC
§ GIS as Lego Block
• Active implementation of “Standard Compatibility”
• Various GIS SW can be used at the same time by leveraging “Standard”
N
S
D
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28. Na#onal
GeoSpa#al
Technology
Development
System
-­‐ Sanghee
SHIN(shshin@gaia3d.com)
6.
Open
Source
GIS
§
Understanding
the
CharacterisLcs
of
GIS
Client ArcMAP Google Earth QGIS Web
Interface WMS WFS WCS CSW
0925_NDSL_01
Middleware ArcTMS TMS GeoWebCache
Server ArcServer ArcSDE GeoServer MIP
DBMS Oracle PostgreSQL
Data Map Image DEM
N
S
D
I

29. Na#onal
GeoSpa#al
Technology
Development
System
-­‐ Sanghee
SHIN(shshin@gaia3d.com)
6.
Open
Source
GIS
§
Open
Source
GIS
is
GIS
SW
that
source
code
is
opened
to
the
public
Freedom
Of
Software
Freedom
0925_NDSL_01 Freedom
of of
Use Redistribute
Freedom Freedom
of of
Copy Modify
N
S
D
I

30. Na#onal
GeoSpa#al
Technology
Development
System
-­‐ Sanghee
SHIN(shshin@gaia3d.com)
6.
Open
Source
GIS
§
Benefits
of
Open
Source
GIS
1. Technological 2. Economical 3. Business 4. Other
Aspects Aspects Aspects Aspects
Reduce energy
Rapid development of h
igh-class SW
0925_NDSL_01 portfolio pro
Very low adoption cost Extend company’s
ducts
Reduce SW developme Self-Satisfaction
Increased stability by sk nt cost Open up new market b
illed community review y providing diversified Help society
Easy to customize services & products
Reduce technological g
ap to leading proprietar Reuse successful story Improve brand image o
y SW company f company
Internalize outside SW
developer resources
Develop the society by sharing technology & outcomes!!
N
S
D
I

31. Na#onal
GeoSpa#al
Technology
Development
System
-­‐ Sanghee
SHIN(shshin@gaia3d.com)
6.
Open
Source
GIS
§
Current
State
and
Necessity
of
Open
Source
GIS
Current State
ü Boom-up of Open Source & Open Source GIS
- Around 300 ~ 400 Open Source GIS projects are available (Freegis.org, 2011)
ü Advance of Open Source GIS
- OSGeo Foundation : Commercial proprietary GIS SW can be replaced with Open Source GIS
0925_NDSL_01
- Google used Open Source based GDAL in its Google Earth program
- AutoDesk opend the source code of MapGuide, FDO & MetaCRS and then donated those to OSGeo
- ESRI actively used GDAL and also changed its ArcGIS GeoPortal Server to Open Source based one
ü Active adoption of Open Source GIS in UN, EU, USA , Canada and other countries
Necessity
ü Want to meet lots of needs of GIS from public sectors
ü Want More with Less!!
ü Want to replicate other people & institution’s experience
ü Want to manage & modify the system by ourselves!!
N
S
D
I

32. Na#onal
GeoSpa#al
Technology
Development
System
-­‐ Sanghee
SHIN(shshin@gaia3d.com)
6.
Open
Source
GIS
§
Open
Source
GIS
as
SubsLtute
for
Proprietary
GIS
ArcReader Viewing uDig, GRASS, gvSIG, QGIS, OSSIM
ArcMap/ArcGIS Cartography uDig, GRASS, gvSIG, QGIS, OSSIM
ArcINFO/ArcGRID Analysis GRASS, OSSIM, SEXTANTE
0925_NDSL_01
ArcPad Devices gvSIG mobile
ArcSDE Database PostGIS
ArcIMS Web Mapserver, GeoServer, DeeGree
ArcGIS Server Spatial Server GRASS, SEXTANTE
VB, Python Scripting PHP, Python, Perl, C#.net, etc…
• Source : Prof. Kwangwoo Nam N
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D
I

33. Na#onal
GeoSpa#al
Technology
Development
System
-­‐ Sanghee
SHIN(shshin@gaia3d.com)
6.
Open
Source
GIS
§
Open
Source
GIS
based
Enterprise
GIS
Architecture
0925_NDSL_01
N
S
D
I

34. Na#onal
GeoSpa#al
Technology
Development
System
-­‐ Sanghee
SHIN(shshin@gaia3d.com)
6.
Open
Source
GIS
§
Geo
Bolivia
Pursuing
Open
Source
GIS
based
NSDI
0925_NDSL_01
N
S
D
I

35. Na#onal
GeoSpa#al
Technology
Development
System
-­‐ Sanghee
SHIN(shshin@gaia3d.com)
6.
Open
Source
GIS
§
Hybrid
Model
by
Mixing
Proprietary
&
Open
Source
GIS
EU : INSPIRE
0925_NDSL_01
N
S
D
I

36. Na#onal
GeoSpa#al
Technology
Development
System
-­‐ Sanghee
SHIN(shshin@gaia3d.com)
6.
Open
Source
GIS
§
IGN,
France
0925_NDSL_01
http://www.ign.fr
è Managing more than 100M spatial entities using PostGIS
N
S
D
I

37. Na#onal
GeoSpa#al
Technology
Development
System
-­‐ Sanghee
SHIN(shshin@gaia3d.com)
6.
Open
Source
GIS
§
OpenStreetMap
0925_NDSL_01
è OSM is made & published by people’s participation!!
N
S
D
I

38. Na#onal
GeoSpa#al
Technology
Development
System
-­‐ Sanghee
SHIN(shshin@gaia3d.com)
7.
Strategies
and
Recommenda#ons
§
To
Check
Current
SituaLons
1 Demand Survey from Various Stakeholders
2 Value Chain Analysis
0925_NDSL_01
3 Feasible GeoSpatial Technology Development Test
“Know
the
enemy
and
know
yourself;
in
a
hun
dred
bacles
you
will
never
be
in
peril.”
- ‘The Art of War’ by Sun Tzu
N
S
D
I

39. Na#onal
GeoSpa#al
Technology
Development
System
-­‐ Sanghee
SHIN(shshin@gaia3d.com)
7.
Strategies
and
Recommenda#ons
§
Demand
Survey
Geode
sy
Cartog
Military raphy
Touris
m Survey
0925_NDSL_01 • Many Stakeholders
Climat
e
GIS Land
• Reflect Nation’s Major Interest
• Various Demands
• Limited Resources
Enviro
nment Mining
Agricul
ture Health
è To synthesize, review and prioritize the technology development
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40. Na#onal
GeoSpa#al
Technology
Development
System
-­‐ Sanghee
SHIN(shshin@gaia3d.com)
7.
Strategies
and
Recommenda#ons
§
Value
Chain
Analysis
A. Data Capture B. Management C. Analysis D. Service
Data Processing Distribution Prediction Consuming
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è To assist in pinpoint the mismatches between demands and technol
ogy development
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41. Na#onal
GeoSpa#al
Technology
Development
System
-­‐ Sanghee
SHIN(shshin@gaia3d.com)
7.
Strategies
and
Recommenda#ons
§
Feasible
GeoSpaLal
Technology
Development
Test
1. Utilizing Foreign Technology : ESRI, Intergraph, Etc.
GeoSpatial 0925_NDSL_01
Technology 2. Develop Own Technology : Domain Specific
Development
3. Mid Entry Strategy : Using Open Source GIS
è Need to consider the each nation’s major interest, goa
l, human resources, capabilities
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42. Na#onal
GeoSpa#al
Technology
Development
System
-­‐ Sanghee
SHIN(shshin@gaia3d.com)
7.
Strategies
and
Recommenda#ons
§
Mapping
the
PrioriLes
and
Strategies
Natural
Surveying Mapping Resources Agriculture IT Centric
Proprietary
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Open Source
Own
Development
Hybrid
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43. Na#onal
GeoSpa#al
Technology
Development
System
-­‐ Sanghee
SHIN(shshin@gaia3d.com)
8.
Conclusions
Demand Centric
1 2
Engage Various Stakeholders Systematic Approach
-Hear more from stakeholders using survey, int -Need to avoid linear downstream approach
erviews and meetings -Need to engage more enterprises
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3
Divide R&D and D&B
-Pinpoint the mismatches between demand an
d policy
Try to diffuse and disseminate knowledge
& technology among actors!!
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44. Na#onal
GeoSpa#al
Technology
Development
System
-­‐ Sanghee
SHIN(shshin@gaia3d.com)
8.
Conclusions
Open Source GIS Strategy
Developing Countries Overcome Strategies
• Limited skilled human resources • Leverage outside free resources
• Limited R&D funds • Active adoption of Open Source GIS
• Small GIS companies • Foster Open Source GIS professionals
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• Unable to target all the fields • Reduce the dependency on proprietary GIS
• High dependency on proprietary GIS • Reduce GIS SW cost using Open Source GIS
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45. Na#onal
GeoSpa#al
Technology
Development
System
-­‐ Sanghee
SHIN(shshin@gaia3d.com)
8.
Conclusions
Focus Strategy
1 Targeting Niche Market
§ Every country has its own unique invisible assets
§ Find niche target market that could leverage nation’s resources
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§ Focus resources on the niche market
2 Value Adding around Technology
§ Not only technology create values
§ Shared knowledge among actors around specific domain could create another values
§ Ecosystem around specific domain will diffuse the embodied technology
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46. Na#onal
GeoSpa#al
Technology
Development
System
-­‐ Sanghee
SHIN(shshin@gaia3d.com)
Thank you
0925_NDSL_01
Q&A
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