1. References are lists of the papers, books and other published and
unpublished materials which the author has read in order to support
the present piece of research work. Some time called a "reference
list", a "list of cited references" or a "bibliography".
A citation is an abbreviated alphanumeric expression embedded in
the body of an intellectual work that denotes an entry in the
bibliographic references section of the work for the purpose of
acknowledging the relevance of the works of others to the topic of
discussion at the spot where the citation appears
Research output in the form of papers, books, and book chapters is
there to be used by other researchers to inform subsequent research,
influence policy decisions, and improve clinical practice. Authors
need to consider how to make appropriate use of their previous
publications and the work of others, and to ensure that their own
work will be used appropriately.
It is important to properly and appropriately cite references in
scientific research papers in order to acknowledge your sources and
give credit where credit is due. Science moves forward only by
building upon the work of others.
INTRODUCTION

2. AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF REFERENCE
CITATION IN RESEARCH PAPER
• To enable scholars use the collection of resources
(worked examples, activities and links) to improve
all-round academic literacy and, consequently,
reduce the possibilities for plagiarism
• to acknowledge that part of one’s work is based on
the work and material of others so as to help
scholars meet the word-count of their research
paper work

3. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF REFERENCE
CITATION AND INDEX
The earliest known citation index is an index of biblical citations
in rabbinic literature, the Mafteah ha-Derashot, attributed to
Maimonides and probably dating to the 12th century. It is
organized alphabetically by biblical phrase. Later biblical
citation indexes are in the order of the canonical text. These
citation indices were used both for general and for legal study
In English legal literature, volumes of judicial reports included
lists of cases cited in that volume starting with Raymond's
Reports (1743) and followed by Douglas's Reports (1783).
The first true citation index dates to the 1860 publication of
Labatt's Table of Cases...California..., followed in 1872 by Wait's
Table of Cases...New York. the most important and best-known
citation index came with the 1873 publication of Sheppard’s
Citations With his 50 year old article Association of ideas
techniques in documentation: Shepardizing the literature of
science Which explain the idea of citation database in science
Eugene Garfield (1954).