This document provides an introduction and overview of PowerShell for learning purposes. It discusses PowerShell concepts like the REPL, commands, parameters, objects, arrays, scripts, functions, and modules. It also covers more advanced topics such as NuGet, Chocolatey, and package management in PowerShell. The document is intended to help the reader get started with and understand the basics of the PowerShell language.

1. KEEP CALM
and
LEARN
POWERSHELL

2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V5Gjx4jM91A

3. Robert Tinga
Business Development Manager QUINTOR
rtinga@quintor.nl
06 - 21862066
Introduction

4. Quintor
JAVA
.NET
MOBILE
GRONINGEN
AMERSFOORT
DEN HAAG
112 EMPLOYEES
ATLASSIAN
MS TFS
AGILE/SCRUM
ANALYSE

5. Employees
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Groningen Amersfoort Den Haag

7. KEEP CALM
and
LEARN
POWERSHELL

8. Jeroen Swart
.NET Architect
jswart@quintor.nl
• Developer >= 1996
• Mainframe/assembler, Microsoft/C++, .NET/C#
• .NET >= 2001
• Quintor >= 2011
• .NET competentie
• ALM & .NET ontwikkelstraat

9. REPL
DSCRemote
PowerShell
Verb
Commands
Build &
Release Management
Functions
PowerShell
Package
Management
Modules
NuGet
StringsPipeline
TasksTFS
Scripts
Chocolatey
PowerShell
Gallery
Objects Arrays

10. > _
− REPL (Read Evaluate Print Loop)
− .NET
− Commands
− Parameters
− Objecten
− Command pipeline

11. Show-Code

12. > Commands
− [Verb]-[Prefix][Noun]
− Verb: Get, New, Update, … (Get-Verb)
− Prefix: VM, AD, Azure, Sql, …
− Noun: Switch, User, Website, Database
− Get-Service
− Get-VMSwitch
− New-ADUser
− Start-AzureWebsite
− Backup-SqlDatabase

13. > Command pipeline
− Get-Process | Sort ProcessName | Select *
− Select-Object select
− Sort-Object sort
− Where-Object where, ?
− ForEach-Object foreach, %

14. > Select-Object
− Specify which properties to return
− Select ProcessName,Description
− Select *
− Specify how many objects to return
− Select –First 5
− Select –First 5 –Skip 5
− Select –Last 10
− Get-Process | Select
ProcessName,Description –First 10

15. > Sort-Object
− Specify order of objects
− Sort ProcessName
− Specify direction
− Sort ProcessName -Descending
− Get-Process | Sort ProcessName,Description

16. > Where-Object
− Filter objects by property
− Where -Property ProcessName -EQ 'powershell'
− Filter objects using script
− Where { $_.ProcessName -eq 'powershell' }
− Get-Process |? { $_.ProcessName -like 'po*' }

17. > ForEach-Object
− Repeat for each object
− ForEach { Write-Host $_.ProcessName }
− Get-Process |% { Write-Host "$($_.ProcessName)" }

18. > Command pipeline
− Measure-Object
− Group-Object
− Compare-Object
− Tee-Object

19. > Format-*
− Format-Table (ft)
− -AutoSize (ft –a)
− Format-List (fl)
− Format-Wide (fw)
− -Column (fw –c 3)
− Get-Command format-*

20. > Out-*
− Out-Default
− Out-File
− Out-Null
− Out-String
− Out-GridView (ogv)
− Get-Command out-*

21. > ConvertTo-* / ConvertFrom-*
− ConvertTo-Json, ConvertFrom-Json
− ConvertTo-Xml (, Get-Content)
− ConvertTo-Csv, ConvertFrom-Csv
− ConvertTo-Html
− Get-Command convertto-*,convertfrom-*

22. > Advanced pipeline
− -PassThru
− Multiline with `
− Multi-command on single line with ;
− Select @{ Name = $_.Name; Type = 'Foo' }
− Force expression evaluation using brackets ()

23. Show-Code

24. > Hosts
− Console
− ISE (Integrated Script Environment)
− Visual Studio Extension (2015, 2013, 2012)
− Visual Studio Code Extension
− PowerGUI
− PowerShell Plus
− Custom
− [insert your application name here]

25. > Host environment
− Get-Variable
− $Host
− $Profile
− $PSVersionTable

26. > $Host
− Console
− ISE

27. > $Profile
− Current user / All users
− Current host / All hosts
− $profile
− Current user, current host
− $profile.AllUsersAllHosts
− $profile.AllUsersCurrentHosts
− $profile.CurrentUsersAllHosts
− $profile.CurrentUsersCurrentHost
$profile.AllUsersAllHosts
C:WindowsSystem32WindowsPowerShellv1.0profile.ps1
$profile.AllUsersCurrentHosts
C:WindowsSystem32WindowsPowerShellv1.0Microsoft.PowerShell_profile.ps1
$profile.CurrentUsersAllHosts
C:UsersjswartDocumentsWindowsPowerShellprofile.ps1
$profile.CurrentUsersCurrentHost
C:UsersjswartDocumentsWindowsPowerShellMicrosoft.PowerShell_profile.ps1
$profile (console)
C:UsersjswartDocumentsWindowsPowerShellMicrosoft.PowerShell_profile.ps1
$profile (ISE)
C:UsersjswartDocumentsWindowsPowerShellMicrosoft.PowerShellISE_profile.ps1

28. > $Profile
$global:CurrentUser = [System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()
function prompt
{
$Host.UI.RawUI.WindowTitle = "$($CurrentUser.Name) - $(Get-Location)"
Write-Host 'PS >' -NoNewline
return ' '
}

29. > $PSVersionTable
Name Value
---- -----
PSVersion 5.0.10586.122
PSCompatibleVersions {1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0...}
BuildVersion 10.0.10586.122
CLRVersion 4.0.30319.42000
WSManStackVersion 3.0
PSRemotingProtocolVersion 2.3
SerializationVersion 1.1.0.1

30. > Strings
− Literals
− 'Name: $Name'
− "Name: $Name"
− Format
− 'Name: {0}' –f $Name
− Expression
− "Name: $user.Name"
− "Name: $($user.Name)"
Name: $Name
Name: Jeroen
Name: Jeroen
Name: Hashtable.Name
Name: Jeroen

31. > Strings & regular expressions
− Match
− 'PowerShell' –match 'sh'
− 'PowerShell' –match '^P'
− 'PowerShell' –match 'P$‘
− 'PowerShell' –cmatch 'p$'
− Replace
− 'PowerShell' -replace 'e','E'
True
True
False
False
PowErShEll

32. > Arrays & objects
− Command output is array or object
− When Parameter type is Array, provide
either array or single object as value

33. > Arrays
− $a = 1,2
− $a = @(1)
− $a = @()
− $a = 1..5
− $a += 6
− $a.GetType() -> System.Array
− $a.Length
− $a.Contains(1)
− $a[0]

34. > Objects (HashTable)
− $o = @{}
− $o = @{ Name = 'me' }
− $o = @{
Name = 'me'
PowerShell = $true
}
− $o = @{ Name = 'me'; PowerShell = $true }

35. > Objects (PSCustomObject)
$o = New-Object PSCustomObject `
| Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name 'Name' -Value 'me' -PassThru `
| Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name 'PowerShell' -Value $true -PassThru

36. > Objects
− $o.Name
− $o.'Name'
− $o = @{
Name = 'me'
PowerShell = $true
}
− $o = @{ Name = 'me'; PowerShell = $true }

37. > Scripts
− Collection of commands
− Conditional statements (if/else, etc.)
− Parameters
− Output
− Execute using . Or &
− Execute using full or relative path (.)
. .DoSomethingSmart.ps1
. '.DoSomethingSmart.ps1'

38. > Scripts – if/else
if ($condition) {
}
elseif ($otherCondition) {
}
else {
}
if (Test-Path -Path $path) {
}
if (Get-Service 'MSSQL*') {
}
Basic syntax Using commands returning a boolean
Using other commands
if ($name -eq 'PowerShell' ) {
}
Using logical operators
if ($condition -eq $true) {
}
Using explicit conditions

39. > Scripts – if/else
− -eq, -ne
− -lt, -gt, -le, -ge
− -like, -match, -notlike, -notmatch
− -contains, -in, -notcontains, -notin
− And their case-sensitive version (-ceq, -clike, etc.)
− And their (explicit) case-insensitive version (-ieq, -ilike, etc.)
− -not, -or, -and, -xor
− And their binary version (-bnot, -bor, etc.)
− -is, -isnot

40. > Scripts – switch/case
switch ($value) {
1 { }
2 { }
default { }
}
switch ($value) {
'1' { }
'2' { }
default { }
}
switch ($value) {
{ $_ -eq 1 } { }
{ $_ -in 2,3 } { }
{ $_ -like '4*' } { }
{ $_ -match '^5' } { }
default { }
}
Basic syntax
Using strings
Using expressions

41. > Scripts – foreach
foreach ($item in $items) {
# use $item
}
$items |% {
# use $_
}
Basic syntax
Alternative

42. > Scripts – for
for ($index = 0; $index -lt 10; $index++) {
# use $items[$index]
}
Basic syntax

43. > Scripts – try/catch
try {
throw 'Serious error'
throw [InvalidOperationException]'Serious error'
}
catch [InvalidOperationException] {
write-host 'InvalidOperationException'
}
catch {
}
finally {
}

44. > Scripts – parameters
− Name
− Default
− Type
− Mandatory
− ValueFromPipeline
− ParameterSetName
− Validation
− ValidateSet
− ValidateScript
− switch
param (
)
param (
$Value
)
param (
$Value = 'The default value'
)
param (
[string]$Value
)
param (
[Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
[string]$Value
)
param (
[Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
[string[]]$Value
)
param (
[Parameter(ParameterSetName = ‘ByValue')]
[string]$Value,
[Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'ByCount')]
[int]$Count
)
. .Script.ps1 -Value 'foo'
. .Script.ps1 –Count 42
param (
[ValidateSet('High', 'Low')]
[string]$Value
)
param (
[ValidateScript({
Test-Path -Path $_ -PathType Leaf
})]
[string]$Path
)
param (
[switch]$Force
)
if ($Force) {
}
if ($Force.IsPresent) {
}
. .Script.ps1 –Force True
. .Script.ps1 False
. .Script.ps1 –Force:$false False
param (
[bool]$Force
)
if ($Force) {
}
. .Script.ps1 –Force $true True
. .Script.ps1 –Force $false False

45. > Scripts – output
− return
− Write-Output
− Write-Host
− Write-Verbose
− CmdletBinding
− -Verbose
return 'The result'
The result
Write-Output 'The result'
The result
Write-Output 'The result'
Write-Output ‘More result'
The result
More result
Write-Host 'Message‘
Write-Host 'Message' -ForegroundColor Yellow
Write-Host 'Message' -BackgroundColor Magenta `
-ForegroundColor White
Write-Host ('Message {0}' -f 42)
[CmdletBinding()]
param (
)
Write-Verbose 'Verbose message‘

46. > Scripts – output
− Write-Verbose -Verbose $VerbosePreference
− Write-Debug -Debug $DebugPreference
− Write-Warning -WarningAction $WarningPreference
− Write-Error -ErrorAction $ErrorActionPreference
− Write-Information -InformationAction $InformationPreference
− Action/Preference
− SilentlyContinue
− Continue
− Stop

47. > Scripts – lifecycle
param (
)
# script-body here
. .Script.ps1 -Value '1','2'
'1','2' | . .Script.ps1
− $Value = '1','2'
− $Value = '2'
param (
[string[]]$Value
)
# script-body here
param (
[Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
[string[]]$Value
)
# script-body here
$Value

48. > Scripts – lifecycle
param (
)
begin {
}
process {
# script-body here
}
end {
}
. .Script.ps1 -Value '1','2'
'1','2' | . .Script.ps1
− Begin
− Process ($Value = '1','2')
− End
− Begin
− Process ($Value = '1')
− Process ($Value = '2')
− End
param (
)
begin {
}
process {
# script-body here
}
end {
}
param (
[string[]]$Value
)
begin {
}
process {
# script-body here
}
end {
}
param (
[Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
[string[]]$Value
)
begin {
}
process {
# script-body here
$Value
}
end {
}

49. Show-Code

50. > Functions
function Verb-PrefixNoun {
}
function Verb-PrefixNoun {
param (
[string]$Value
)
# function-body here
$Value
}
function Verb-PrefixNoun {
param (
[string[]]$Value
)
begin {
}
process {
# script-body here
$Value
}
end {
}
}

51. > Modules
− PowerShell Script or C#
− C#
− System.Management.Automation namespace
− Cmdlet base-class
− Cmdlet attribute
− PowerShell Script
− Collection of functions
− .psm1
− .psd1

52. > Modules
− Import-Module
− .psm1
− .psm1 + .psd1
− New-ModuleManifest
− Update-ModuleManifest
− Test-ModuleManifest
− Script-files
function Get-SomeStuff {
}
function Update-SomeStuff {
}
function Remove-SomeStuff {
}
@{
Author = 'Jeroen Swart'
RootModule = 'MyModule.psm1'
ModuleVersion = '1.0.0.0'
GUID = 'bbd0a9d3-8308-4e5b-9762-1cbc057dd1c4'
Description = '...'
PowerShellVersion = '4.0'
FunctionsToExport = (
'Get-SomeStuff',
'Update-SomeStuff',
'Remove-SomeStuff')
}
Get-ChildItem `
-Path "$PSScriptRootInternal" `
-Filter '*.ps1' |% {
. $_.FullName
}
Get-ChildItem `
-Path "$PSScriptRootFunctions" `
-Filter '*.ps1' |% {
. $_.FullName
}

53. > Modules
− Import-Module –Path '...'
− Import-Module –Name '...'
− System
− %windir%System32WindowsPowerShellv1.0Modules
− $pshomeModules
− All users
− %ProgramFiles%WindowsPowerShellModules
− "$($env:ProgramFiles)WindowsPowerShellModules"
− Current user
− %UserProfile%DocumentsWindowsPowerShellModules
− $homeDocumentsWindowsPowerShellModules

54. > Modules
− Get-Module
− Get-Module –ListAvailable
− Remove-Module
− Import-Module –Force

55. • NuGet
• Chocolatey
• PowerShell Package Management
• TFS Build
• TFS Release Management
• Remote PowerShell
• PowerShell DSC
• Server Management
> Select PowerShell | More

56. • NuGet
• Chocolatey
• PowerShell Package Management
> Select PowerShell | More

57. > NuGet
− zip, maar .nupkg
− lib
− net45
− net40
− portable-win+net45+wp8+win8+wpa81
− content
− tools
− init.ps1
− .psm1
− nuspec

58. > NuGet
− init.ps1
− installPath
− toolPath
− package
− project
− EnvDTE.Project
− ProjectItems
− DTE EnvDTE.DTE

59. > NuGet
− Add/modify files & content in a project
− Build and/or run the solution
− Code generation
− Entity Framework Migrations
− Manage windows & documents
− Enhance Visual Studio UI

60. Show-Code

61. > Chocolatey
− Windows Package Manager
− choco list
− choco install
− NuGet-based
− nuspec
− tools
− chocolateyInstall.ps1
− chocolateyUninstall.ps1

62. > Chocolatey
− Install-ChocolateyPackage
− Install-ChocolateyZipPackage
− Install-ChocolateyVsixPackage
− Install-ChocolateyEnvironmentVariable
− Install-ChocolateyFileAssociation

63. > Chocolatey
Install-ChocolateyPackage `
'notepadplusplus' `
'exe' `
'/S' `
'https://notepad-plus-plus.org/repository/6.x/6.8.8/npp.6.8.8.Installer.exe'
Notepadplusplus (chocolateyInstall.ps1)
$packageName = 'GoogleChrome'
$app = Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_Product | Where-Object {$_.Name -eq 'Google Chrome'}
if ($app) {
$msiArgs = $('/x' + $app.IdentifyingNumber + ' /q REBOOT=ReallySuppress')
Start-ChocolateyProcessAsAdmin $msiArgs 'msiexec'
}
GoogleChrome (chocolateyUninstall.ps1)

64. > PowerShell Modules
− xcopy
− System, All users, Current user
− Chocolatey package
− xcopy
− PowerShell Package Management
− PowerShell v5

65. > PowerShell Package Management
− Package Manager Manager

66. > PowerShell Package Management
− Module
− Script
− Package
− Find, Install, Update, Publish, Save
− Find-Module
− Install-Package

67. Show-Code

68. • TFS Build
• TFS Release Management
> Select PowerShell | More

69. > TFS Build
− XAML Build
− Task-based build
− Script (in VC)
− Arguments

70. > TFS Release Management
− XAML
− Task-based
− TFS 2015 Update 2

71. > TFS Release Management
− Remote PowerShell
− PowerShell Scripts
− PowerShell Modules
− PowerShell DSC
− PowerShell Package Management (Chocolatey)

72. > TFS Release Management
Build
Drop-
location
RM
Target-
servers
Trigger release Execute script
Copy files to servers

73. > TFS Release Management
Build
Package
Source
RM
Target-
servers
Chocolatey Packages
PowerShell Modules
Trigger release
Retrieve packages
Install packages

74. • Remote PowerShell
• PowerShell DSC
• Server Management
> Select PowerShell | More

75. > Remote PowerShell
− Enter-PSSession & Exit-PSSession
− New-PSSession & Remove-PSSession
− Invoke-Command -Session

76. > Remote PowerShell
− Enable remoting
− Enable-PSRemoting
− Check configuration
− Test-WSMan
− Limit access
− Set-Item `
wsman:localhostclienttrustedhosts [name] `
-Concatenate
-Force

77. > Remote PowerShell
− 'Double Hop'
− CredSSP & Credential
− Server
− Enable-WSManCredSSP -Role Server
− Client
− Enable-WSManCredSSP -Role Client `
–DelegateComputer [machinename]

78. > PowerShell DSC
$server = new-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Server("(local)")
if($Credential) {
$server.ConnectionContext.Login = $Credential.UserName
$server.ConnectionContext.SecurePassword = $credential.Password
}
$database = $server.Databases |? { $_.Name -eq $Name }
if (-not $database) {
$database = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database($server, $Name)
$database.Create()
}
PowerShell Script

79. > PowerShell DSC
bSqlDatabase Database {
Ensure = "Present"
Name = $DatabaseName
}
PowerShell DSC

80. > PowerShell DSC
− Desired State Configuration
− Declarative
− Configuration
− Resource
− Get
− Test
− Set

81. > PowerShell DSC
− Push vs Pull

82. Show-Code

83. > Server Management
− Server
− Processes
− Services
− Resources (RAM, CPU, …)
− IIS
− Websites
− App pools
− Logging

84. • notes in ppt
• MSDN
• Windows PowerShell
• PowerShell DSC
• PowerShell SDK
• Blogs
• Windows PowerShell Blog
• Hey Scripting Guy
• ...
• Books
• Windows PowerShell in Action
• Windows PowerShell Cookbook
• Windows PowerShell for Developers
• ...
> Get-Help

85. • PowerShell Workflow
• Debugging (incl. remote)
• Classes
• ISE
• Automation
• Extensions/Add-ons
• Unit testing (Pester)
• Azure (incl. PowerShell DSC)
• OSS Packages & Modules
> _

86. ?
VRAGEN