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1. 1.INOVATION(shpikje)-introduction of something new:
change new method or practice..Synonyms (invention,
excogitation, founding)
2.PROMOTION(avancim,ngritje)-advancement, furthering,
encouragement activity that supports or encourages. The
action of raising someone to a higher position or rank.
Antonym(demotion)
3. PUBLIC SECTOR-The section of the economy under
government control;The part of an economy that is controlled
by the state.
4.SUBORDINATE(vartës,nënrënditës,I nënshtruar)- One who
is subservient someone under the authority of another;Place an
a position of lesser importance.
5.5 TASKS OF A MANAGER (by: P.DRUCKER)
*Planning(setting objectives)
*Organizing
*Integrating(motivating and communicating)
*Measuring performance
*Developing people
6.THEORY X- Assumes that most people are incapable of
taking esponsibility for themselves and have to be looked after.
It is the rather pessimistic approach to workers and working,
which assumes that people are lazy and will avoid work and
responsibility if they can.The concept that basically are
workshire,lazy,manipulative and will only work under threats
and punishment.

2. 7.THEORY Y- Assumes that most people have psychological
need to work. It is belived that employes enjoy their mental
and physical work duties. A theory y manager belives that,
given the right condition most people will want to do well at
work.
8.JOB SECURITY- Is probability that an individual will keep
his or her job.
9.WAGES(rrogë,page,pagesë)- Compensation for work; just
reword recompense.;Money paid(per hour or day or week) to
manual workers.
10.UNSKILLED(pa përvojë, I pakualifikuar)- Untrained,
inexpert,amateur without any particular abilities acquired by
training.
11.JOB ROTATION- is a management technique that assigns
trainees to various jobs and departments over a period of a few
years.
12.HIEARCHY OR CHAIN OF COMMAND- (System in which
persons or things are arranged one above the other according
to rank);(group which governs);(the organization of the people
at different ranks in an administrative body);(chain of command
order of authority form highest to lowest)-Line authority- People
in order of power, chain of sommand.The power to give
instructions to people at the level below in the chain of
command.
13.WIKINOMICS(from wiki, the Hawalian word for quick,and
economics) This means collaborating with people outside the
traditional corporate structure,letting people around the world
cooperate to improve an operation or solve a problem.

3. 14.MATRIX MANAGEMENT- Its another way to get round
hierarchy in which people report to more than one superior.
15.THE 5 MOST COMMON COMPANY STRUCTURES:
*Sole Proprietorships
*Partnerships
*Corporations
*S Corporations
*Limited Liability Company (LLC)
16.OUTSOURCING(nënkontraktor)-(To use other companies to
do work your company previously did itself);(contract workers
from outside of a company to perform specific tasks instead of
using company employes)
17.THE 3 CULTURAL TYPES ARE:
*Linear-active
*Multi-active cultures
*Reactive cultures
18.LINEAR ACTIVE CULTURES ARE:such as Britain, the USA
and Germany are generally organized and rational, try to act
logically rather than emotionally,plan in advance,and like to do
one thing at a time.They think rules apply to everybody.They are
individualist.
19.MULTI ACTIVE CULTURES ARE: In Southern Europe,Latin
America and Africa attach more importance to feelings,
emotions and intuition and time. They are essentially
collectivist.
20.REACTIVE CULTURES ARE:in Asia prefer to listen to and
estabilish the other’s position and then react to it. They try to
avoid confrontation and don’t want to ‘’lose face’’ or cause
someone else to.They rarely interrupt speakers and often avoid
eye contact.

4. 21.INDIVIDUALIST- is the one who acts or thinks
independently.They believe in respecting rules,regulations and
contracts.
22.COLLECTIVIST- the one who belive that the group is more
important than the individual.
23.CILOCALIZATION-(an invented word combining world wide
and regional concerns);(act of creating products or services
designed for global trade but costumized to fit local culture or
laws)
24.STATUS- respect, prestige or importance given to someone.
25.RECRUITMENT(bashkangjit,përzgjedhje,punësim);(refers to
the process of attracting,screening and selecting a qualified
person for a job). Synonym: (enlisting)
26.SHORTLIST- is a list of candidates for a job, prize, award,
political position, etc., that has been reduced from a longer list
of candidates.
27.COVERING LETTER(letër shoqëruse me shpjegime)- The
covering letter explains why you want the job. It should be
specific to the job you’re applying for, adapted to the target
organization.
28.INTERVIEWEE- A person who is interviewed.
29.INTERVIEWER- A person who interviews.
30.CRITICAL MASS(masë kritike);(the minimum size or amount
of resources required to start or maintain a venture);(The
number of people needed to start and sustain a change)
31.OUTPERFORMING(mboshtë)-(be or do something to a greater
degree)(doing better than others,financially).Synonym:
(surpass,exceed)

5. 32.RETURN ON EQUITY- The amount of money a company earns
on the investment of It’s shearholders.
33.COMPULSORY(I detyrueshëm)Synonyms: (mandatory,
required) Obligatory,enjoined by authority,necessary,due to
compulsion.
34.QUOTA(pjesë,kuotë;sasi e caktuar;numër I lejuar)- Maximum
quantity;upper limit;limited quantity,restricted amount.
35.COMPLIANCE(pëlqimi,pajtimi,lëshim;nënshtruar,bindje)- the
act adhering to, and demonstrating adherence to, a standard or
regulation.
36.APPRENTICES(nxënës-në zanat;fillestar,praktikant)- A person
learning a trade from a skilled employer.
37.CONVERT(shkëmbej)- (Give one thing in return for another);
(replace one thing with another,trade,burter);
Synonym(exchange,cahnge) ex: convert money
38.THE PRIMARY SECTOR- Includes agriculture and the
extraction of raw materials from the earth.
39.THE SECONDARY SECTOR- Includes manufacturing industry
in which raw materials are turned into finished products.
40.THE TERTIARY SECTOR- Includes the commercial services
that help industry produce and distribute goods to their final
consumers, as well as activities such as education,health
care,leisure,tourism and so on.
41.REAL ESTATE- Permanent lands and the attached buildings
42.LABOUR(punë)(work done in return for money);(work
especially hard physical work) Synonym (toil)
43.INVENTORY- Is a company reserves of raw materials parts
work in process, and finished products.

6. 44.PLANT- Is a collective word for all the
buildings,machines,equipment,and other facilities used in the
production process.
45.ECONOMIES OF SCALE- gives big companies access to a
larger market by allowing them to operate with greater
geographical reach.
46.LEAD TIME- Is the time needed to perform an activity such as
manufacturing a product or delivering it to a sonsumer.
47.RISK PREMIUM- The potential cost of takeing a chance
.
48.DISRUPTIVE – Causing trubel and stopping something from
continuing as usual. Synonyms (upsetting;disturbing)
49.PROSPERITY- The state of being successful and having a lot
of money. Synonym(successfulness)
50.AGILE(I shpejtë, I gjallë)- able to move quickly and easily.
Synonym(nimble,quick,fast)
51.ESTIMATE(vlerësoj)- (a guess of what size or amount of
something might be) Synonims: (estimation,approximation)
52.LEARN OF PRODUCTION- Using small quantities and
avoiding any waste.
53.LOGISTICS(designing and managing the flow of
goods,information and other resources)
54.PULL STRATEGIES- are based on current demand
55.PUSH STRATEGIES- are bused on: estimates of future
demand and begins according to the planned production lead
time.
56.BOUNTIFUL- providing a large amount of good things.

7. 57.REWORKING-(revise,amed,alter,change)- changing or
improving a product or service.
58.SCRAPPING-(throw away,discard)(things that couse
difficulties)
59.WORRANTIES-(autorizim,garanci)(It’s a written promise to
repain or replace products that develop a fault)
60.OUTLETS(treg)- Places of business for selling goods to
costomers. Synonym(shops,stores,kiosks)
61.PRODUCT MIX- all the different products, brands and items
that a company sells.
62.RETAILERS(shitës me pakicë)- Buisnesses that sell good or
merchandise to individual consumers.
63.BRAND RECOGNITION- The extent wo which consumers are
aware of a brand, and know it’s name.
64.MARKET SHARE- The sales of a company expressed as a
percentage of total sales in a given market.
65.BRAND SWITCHERS- consumers who buy various competing
products rather than being loyal to a particular brand.
66.DISTRIBUTION CHANEL- all the companies or
individuals(‘’middlemen’’) involved in moving goods or services
from producers to sonsumers.
67.MARKET PENETRATION- the stategy of setting a low price to
try to sell a large volume and increase market share.
68.MARKET SKIMMING- setting a high price for a new product to
make maximum revenue before competing.
69.PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION- making a product (appear to
be) different from similar products offered by other sellers,by
product differences,advertising,etc..

8. 70.PRODUCT FEATURES- the attributes or characteristics of a
product such as size,shape,quality,price,reliability..etc
71.WHOLESALER(shitës me shumicë)- An intermediary that
stocks manufactures goods or merchandise and sells it to
retailers and professional buyers.
72.ADVERTISING AGENCIES- companies that design advertising
for clients.
73.ADVERTISING CAMPAIGN- the advertising of a particular
product or service during a particular period of time.
74.TARGET COSTUMERS- The choice of where to advertise in
order to reach the right people.
75.COMPERATIVE- PIRITY METHOD- it’s advertising method
when we spend as much money as one’s competitors.
76.WORD-OF MOUTH ADVERTISING- Free advertising when
satisfied customers recommend products to their friends.
77.VIRAL MARKETING- trying to get consumers to forward an
online marketing message to other people.
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