The document discusses different perspectives on egoism and altruism. It outlines Hobbes' view that human nature is self-interested and that altruistic acts ultimately serve self-interest. Nietzsche believed people should satisfy their own will to power, even if it means exploiting others. There are four types of ethical egoism discussed: psychological, personal, individual, and universal. The document also examines refutations of egoism and discusses how evolution and sociobiology may explain the development of altruism.