A powerpoint presentation contrasting sentences and situations in which both structures would be used. Intermediate Level

1. What’s grammar?
Chris Cacciari

2. Grammar is
the structural
foundation of
our ability to
express
ourselves.
Grammar = Structural foundation
Chris Cacciari

3. Grammar
provides you
with the
structure you
need in order
to organize
and put your
messages and
ideas across.
Chris Cacciari

4. Grammar
provides you
with the
structure you
need in order
to organize
and put your
messages and
ideas across.
Chris Cacciari

5. Grammar
provides you
with the
structure you
need in order
to organize
and put your
messages and
ideas across.
Chris Cacciari

6. But, a good
command of
the english
grammar
doesn’t mean
that you are
able to
communicate
effectively.
Chris Cacciari

7.  When to use?
 What for?
 How?
Focus on
the usage of
grammar
Chris Cacciari

8. Present Perfect Simple or Past Simple?
We use the Present Perfect
Simple:
We use the Past Simple:
 With since or for, about  With for, about a period
a period of time which is of time which is finished:
still continuing: I lived there for 4 years.
I’ve lived there for 4 (= but I don’t live there
years. now)
(= and I still live there)
I moved there. I live there. I moved there. I moved out. I don’t
live
there.
Chris Cacciari

9. Present Perfect Simple or Past Simple?
We use the Present Perfect
Simple:
We use the Past Simple:
 With questions asking  With questions asking how
how long for situations long/ when for finished
situations :
that still happen:
How long did you live there?
How long have you lived
there? When did you live there?
(I know you still live (I know you don’t live there
anymore)
there)
Chris Cacciari

10. Present Perfect Simple or Past Simple?
We use the Present Perfect
Simple:
We use the Past Simple:
 A. Ongoing at the  B. Wholly in the past
present
 Howlong have you been in  How long were you in
Florida? Florida.
 I arrived here in May.  I arrived there in May.
 I am still here.  I left there in July.
 I have been here since  I was there for two
May. months.
Chris Cacciari

11. When and How Long indicate different things.
We use the Present Perfect
Simple:
We use the Past Simple:
 With questions asking  With questions asking when:
how long: (When usually indicates a
(How long indicates a specific point in time, or
period or length of something that is considered
time, with a beginning and as a specific point.)
ending point.)
How long have you lived in When did you move to
Arizona? Arizona?
I have lived here since 1997. I moved here in 1997.
(Asks for length of time.) (Asks for specific time)
Chris Cacciari

12. "Actions" usually happen at a point in time, whereas things
such as "possession,"status" "condition" "awareness" refer to
something that continues over a period of time.
We use the Present Perfect
Simple:
We use the Past Simple:
 Status/condition/po  Action
ssession/awareness  (When did you . . .?)
 (How long have you . .  meet your best friend
.?)  get/buy that new watch
 known your best friend  become a lawyer
 had that new watch
 been a lawyer
Chris Cacciari

13. Present Perfect Simple or Past Simple?
We use the Present Perfect
Simple:
We use the Past Simple:
 For unfinished actions  For completed actions and
and events, often with events in the past, often
still or yet: with ago:
I finished it half na hour
I still haven’t finished it. ago.
I haven’t finished it yet.
Chris Cacciari

14. Present Perfect Simple or Past Simple?
We use the Present Perfect
Simple:
We use the Past Simple:
 To talk about  To talk about when you
experiences you’ve been had an experience:
through during your
life: I went to Los Angeles last
 I’ve been to Los Angeles month.
but not New York. (= in I went to Los Angeles but
my life up to now) not to New York (= on a
particular trip which is the
past)
Chris Cacciari

15. Present Perfect Simple or Past Simple?
We use the Present Perfect
Simple:
We use the Past Simple:
 To focus on the result of  To talk about past events
na activity or event which are not connected
which is complete: to the present:
 I’ve read the  The Chinese invented
newspapers. printing.
 Teacher,I’ve done my
homework, may I hand
it in?
Chris Cacciari